脂质、血红蛋白、胆红素标本对乙肝病毒DNA荧光定量测定的影响

目的:探讨脂血、高胆红素和溶血标本对乙肝病毒DNA(HBVDNA)荧光定量测定结果的影响。方法:将乙肝大三阳高脂血和非脂血、溶血血清和未溶血血清同时作HBVDNA荧光定量检测;将HBVDNA阴性黄疸血清和HBVDNA阴性正常血清与来自同一份乙肝大三阳血清混合,在相同条件下进行HBVDNA荧光定量。结果:乙肝大三阳溶血与未溶血样本HBVDNA含量都在同一数量级。乙肝大三阳高脂血的HBVDNA含量明显低于对照标本。高黄疸血清、正常对照血清与相同的HBVDNA阳性模板组合后所测得的HBVDNA结果无差异。结论:脂血对HBVD-NA定量测定有严重干扰;溶血样本、高胆红素样本对HBVDNA测定结果无影响。     

应用聚合酶链反应技术检测肝组织中的HBV－DNA

采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术，对４２例肝活切组织石蜡切片中乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）ＤＮＡ进行检测，并与乙肝表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）的免疫组织化学及血清学检测进行比较，ＨＢＶ－ＰＣＲ阳性率为７３．８％，高于组织及血清ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率（分别为５９．５％和５０．０％）。３例病理形态呈肝炎改变，而血清ＨＢｓＡｇ（─）的肝组织中有２例检出ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ，提示ＰＣＲ的高度敏感性和准确性。８３．３％的门脉性肝硬变和８７．５％的肝细胞癌组织中ＨＢＶ－ＰＣＲ呈阳性，进一步证实了上述两病与ＨＢＶ的关系密切。我们还发现肝细胞淤胆患者ＨＢＶ感染率较高，ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ及组织ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性比例各为６／９和４／８。     

超抗原金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素基因B的原核表达

目的构建重组pET-30a-SEB原核表达载体,转化感受态大肠杆菌BL-21(DE3),诱导表达超抗原金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B(staphylococcalenterotoxinB,SEB)。方法利用PCR技术从产SEB的金黄色葡萄球菌标准菌株CMCC-26075基因组DNA中克隆SEB全长序列,将其克隆到pGEM-TEasy载体中并进行测序。构建pET-30a-SEB原核表达质粒,转化感受态大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),异丙基硫代β-D半乳糖苷(isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside,IPTG)诱导表达,经镍离子螯合亲和层析纯化后免疫鉴定。结果PCR获得超抗原SEB基因片段,与克隆载体连接后经测序与文献报道的基本一致;成功构建了pET-30a-SEB原核表达质粒且成功诱导表达出相对分子质量(Mr)约31×103的蛋白。结论成功克隆了seb基因序列,并进行了原核表达和鉴定,获得了SEB蛋白,为后续对超抗原SEB的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

ST2作为Th2细胞亚群标志以及其与支气管哮喘的关系的研究

各自主要分泌IFN γ和IL 4的Th1和Th2亚群 ,与临床疾病的关系十分密切。如何从表面标志上加以区分是一项迫切需要解决的问题。ST2是近年来提出的Th2细胞的稳定标志物。本工作在体外成功地诱导人脐带血T细胞向Th1或Th2分化的基础上 ,应用逆转录PCR分析了ST2mRNA的表达特点。证实ST2在人Th2细胞上的选择性表达。为了探索ST2、Th2与支气管哮喘的关系 ,本工作进一步检测了正常人和支气管哮喘患者外周血单个核细胞中 β actin、ST2以及IFN γ和IL 4的mRNA水平。结果显示 :支气管哮喘患者ST2mRNA水平升高 ,IL 4水平也明显升高 ,但IFN γ无变化。这提示ST2作为Th2细胞的标志物 ,有可能成为Th2极化性疾病如哮喘发病机制研究的一个参考性标志 ,至于ST2是否有可能作为治疗的靶分子 ,有待进一步探讨     

用PCR扩增tim基因检测蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫

采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)对蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫 (Giardialamblia)的磷酸丙糖异构酶 (triosephosphateisomerase ,缩写为tim)基因进行特异性扩增 ,结果扩增出 1条 6 83bp的DNA片段。此方法的特异性可高达10 0 % ,而其它DNA样本 ,如日本血吸虫 (Schistosomajaponicum)、刚地弓形虫 (Toxoplasmagondii)、微小隐孢子虫 (Cryptosporidiumparvum)、溶组织内阿米巴 (Entamoebahistolytica)、旋毛虫 (Trichinellaspiralis)和阴道毛滴虫 (Trichomonasvaginalis) ,以及人体血细胞等均未出现扩增反应。本法的敏感性也很高 ,可检测到0 4pg贾第虫包囊的DNA。 13株来自不同地理位置和 或宿主的贾第虫DNA样本在PCR中均各产生 1条长为 6 83bp的目的片段。上述结果表明本实验建立的检测贾第虫的PCR方法有效     

国内110株新生隐球菌临床株变种、基因型和交配型分析

目的 对国内部分地区的新生隐球菌(Cryptococcus neoformans)临床株进行分子流行病学调查,分析其变种、基因型和交配型的构成和分布.方法 (1)PCR指纹分型法:以野生型噬菌体M13中针对小卫星DNA的核心序列为单引物对模板进行PCR扩增,将所有受试菌株鉴定到8种主要基因型水平.(2)利用变种和交配型特异性引物扩增分型法,区分格鲁比变种(C.neoformans var.grubii)、新生变种(C.neoformans var.neoformans)和格特变种(C.neoformans var.gattii),同时鉴定α和a交配型.结果 110株临床株中,98株(89.1%)为格鲁比变种,均为VNI基因型和α交配型;9株(8.2%)格特变种,包括VGⅠ基因型、α交配型8株(7.3%)和VGⅡ基因型、α交配型1株(0.9%);2株(1.8%)为AD杂合体,VNⅢ基因型,-/α和α/-交配型各1株;1株(0.9%)为新生变种,VNⅣ基因型和a交配型.结论 我国新生隐球菌临床株包含3个变种和AD杂合体.与国外情况比较,相似的是国内临床株中绝大部分为α交配型菌株,且格鲁比变种中的VNⅠ基因型占了其中的大部分;但未发现VNⅡ、VGⅢ和VGⅣ基因型菌株.     

Rapid preparation of diagnostic probes for the fragile X syndrome by direct PCR amplification of human chromosomal DNA

Summary The fragile X syndrome is a common familial form of mental retardation and is associated with a rare fragile site at Xq27.3 (FRAXA). This disorder has recently been reported to correlate with length variations of restriction genomic DNA fragments which may due to the amplification of (CCG)_n trinucleotide repeats located at the FRAXA locus. We described here a rapid preparation method of diagnostic DNA probes for the fragile X syndrome by direct enzymatic amplification of human chromosomal DNA. ThePstI-assay, which is Southern blot analysis of DNA samples probed by PCR products, was shown to be sensitive method for diagnostic purposes to detect the size variations specific in the fragile X syndrome.     

Clinical significance of antibodies to nonstructural and core proteins of hepatitis C virus in posttransfusion hepatitis patients during long-term follow-up

The prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies (anti- HCV) among multitransfused patients was studied and compared with predicted values obtained from a post-transfusion hepatitis study and from data on the prevalence of anti-HCV among blood donors. The prevalence of hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) was also studied to determine the routes of transmission of hepatitis C virus. The patients consisted of 65 dialysis patients (57 on haemodialysis and 8 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis) and 71 leukemia patients in long-term remission [49 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 22 with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL)]. The presence of anti-HCV was investigated using a second generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reactive samples were confirmed by a second generation recombinant immunoblot assay. Anti-HBc was studied in the 65 dialysis patients and in 40 of the leukemia patients. Three (4.6%) of the 65 dialysis patients and 12 (24.5%) of the 49 AML patients were anti-HCV positive whereas all of the ALL patients were seronegative. The total number of blood units transfused to 134 patients (data on two dialysis patients were not available) was 18,148, out of which 17,575 units had been transfused prior to the initiation of anti- HCV screening of blood donors. On the basis of the anti-HCV prevalence among blood donors and the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis, the predicted number of seropositive patients was 11 and 18, respectively. Five of the 65 dialysis patients were anti-HBc positive, compared with only one of the 40 leukemia patients. It is concluded that the anti-HCV prevalence among dialysis and leukemia patients is concordant with the risk of receiving contaminated blood products, whereas hepatitis B infection may have other routes of transmission in dialysis patients. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.