Extramedullary haemopoiesis in fetal and adult human spleen: a quantitative immunohistological study

Haemopoietic cells were assessed in spleens from normal adults, adults with splenic extramedullary haemopoiesis due to chronic myeloproliferative disorders and fetuses of 17–21 weeks' gestation. A variety of antigens expressed by developing granulocytes and erythrocytes were demonstrated immunohistochemically. The relative proportions of early and late precursor cells of these two lineages were quantified. There was no significant haemopoiesis in normal adult spleen, while there was abundant (predominantly granulocytic) haemopoiesis in patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Fetal spleens contained numerous late erythroid precursors but few early erythroid or granulocytic cells. The relative numbers of early and late haemopoietic cells in adult chronic myeloproliferative disorders and fetal spleens showed statistically significant differences. Our findings indicate that haemopoiesis in the spleens of adult patients with these disorders differs fundamentally from that occurring in fetal life. They support the view that the human spleen does not have a significant role in fetal haemopoiesis, but that it filters circulating nucleated erythroid precursors and is permissive of their terminal differentiation only. Our results also favour the view that adult splenic haemopoiesis originates by displacement of precursor cells from the bone marrow rather than by activation of stem cells which have lain dormant in the spleen since fetal life.     

非休眠期成年兔骨髓基质干细胞和脂肪基质干细胞用于核移植构建重组胚

目的研究非休眠期成年兔骨髓基质干细胞和脂肪基质干细胞作为供体,以体外成熟去核兔卵母细胞作为受体进行核移植构建重组胚胎的可行性及囊胚形成率. 方法首先利用新西兰兔骨髓和脂肪为来源分别培养骨髓基质干细胞和脂肪基质干细胞,然后用他们作为核供体,采用卵细胞胞质内直接注射法构建重组胚胎,7 d后比较囊胚形成率. 结果核移植操作后卵细胞存活率达80.0%,骨髓基质干细胞和脂肪基质干细胞作为供体重组胚胎囊胚形成率分别为88/522 (16.9%)和73/464 (15.7%), (P>0.05, Yates corrected). 结论处于非休眠期的成年兔骨髓基质干细胞和脂肪基质干细胞移植到去核卵母细胞后能够进行早期胚胎发育,两者囊胚形成率无明显差别.     

利多卡因对大鼠肠缺血再灌注所致急性肺损伤的保护作用

观察利多卡因对肠缺血再灌注（I／R）所致急性肺损伤（ALI）的保护作用。成年SD大鼠随机分为4组（n＝8）：对照组，只分离而不阻断肠系膜上动脉；I／R组，肠I／R（60／180min）；利多卡因组（2组），分别于再灌注即刻或再灌注60min后静脉给利多卡因2mg/kg。利多卡因再灌注即刻用药组MAP下降，肺通透性、血中TNF－α水平及肺组织TNF-α mRNA表达增高，与I／R组比较差异显著（P＜0.05）。肺组织病理损害亦明显减轻；再灌注60min，用药对MAP、血中TNF－α水平无明显影响（P＞0.05），病理损害也无明显改善。结果提示，预防性应用利多卡因可减轻肠I／R后肺损伤，可能与其减少PMN肺内聚集以及抑制TNF－α合成有关。     

滨州地区成人蛲虫感染情况调查

1988年2月至7月对本院附属医院门诊病人,用透明胶纸一次肛周粘贴法调查了滨州市、区20岁及以上的男女市民、农民,共1005人。结果,蛲虫感染率为24.28％。男性的感染率为20.30％,女性为27.75％,两者差异有显著性(P<0.01)。市民的感染率为20.77％,农民为25.50％,两者相比较P>0.05。调查结果表明,在滨州市、区成年女性的感染率明显高于男性,特别是30岁年龄组,其感染率高达41.38％,表明在根治蛲虫病时,成人的蛲虫感染不容忽视。     

成年脑神经元发生的影响因素

科学家已经证实,在正常成年啮齿类、灵长类及哺乳动物海马（hippocampus）的齿状回、脑室下区等脑区中,神经元发生现象存在并终生持续.神经元发生为多种退行性脑病的治疗带来了希望,并为研究神经可塑性提供了线索.本文将从药理学和神经元微环境（microenviroment）等角度对神经元发生的影响因素及可能机制作一综述.     

湖南省三级医院聘用护士成人教育现状的调查分析

目的了解三级医院聘用护士成人教育的现状,为聘用护士管理提供参考依据。方法采用分层、随机、整群抽样法,对湖南省9家三级医院803名聘用护士和980名正式护士进行问卷调查,内容包括一般情况、学历教育和在职教育情况。采用SPSS13.0软件对资料进行统计分析。结果聘用护士毕业后初始学历较正式护士高,但工作后学历提高层次较正式护士低(P<0.01);在职教育8个项目中,只有参加科室和医院业务学习等2项差异无显著性统计学意义,其余6个项目的差异均有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论与正式护士相比,湖南省三级医院中聘用护士的成人教育相对滞后,有关部门应对聘用护士的成人教育给予足够的重视。     

Cognitive function in early adult and adult onset myotonic dystrophy

Introduction - Most studies revealing intellectual deficits in myotonic dystrophy (MyD) involved heterogeneous groups of patients with respect to intelligence and onset of disease. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether patients with early adult and adult MyD show subtle cognitive deficits despite a normal intelligence. Materials and methods - We compared 26 MyD patients of normal intelligence with mild symptoms and early adult and adult onset to 25 matched control subjects (CS) on a range of neuropsychological tests and a number of motor tasks of increasing complexity, which required increasing cognitive control. Results - The groups did not differ as far as the neuropsychological tests were concerned, with the exception of the Stroop Color Word Test. With respect to motor performance, the MyD patients were poorer scorers on simple and automatic motor tasks than CS, but the difference disappeared as the complexity of the tasks increased and required correspondingly more cognitive control. Conclusion - We found hardly any evidence of cognitive dysfunction in our group of MyD patients with early adult and adult onset.     

根尖下截骨术12例临床疗效评价

目的:研究根尖下截骨术在成人双颌前突正颌外科手术中的应用并对其临床疗效做出评价。方法:在12例中重度成人双颌前突的患者中应用根尖下截骨术正畸正颌联合矫治其错牙合畸形,对其手术前后14项决定面部侧貌美学特征的软硬组织指标进行X线头影测量,分析、评价其临床疗效。结果:12例患者术后面形均获得了较好的改变,SNA角由86.556°±1.184°减小到81.611°±0.698°,SNB角由83.389°±1.487°减小到79.889°±1.449°。结论:根尖下截骨术具有操作简单、并发症少的优点,用于正畸正颌矫治成人双颌前突可以使患者获得良好面形。     

牡丹江市正常成人尿液红、白细胞定量分析参考值调查

目的尿液沉渣分析红、白细胞由传统的定性报告方式改为定量分析(××/μl).由于使用的检查方法不同,其参考值也不一样,国内目前尚未有统一的参考值,为使牡丹江市有一个统一的判断标准.方法我们对1109名健康成人其中男性591人,女性518人进行尿中红细胞及白细胞的参考值调查.方法采用国内的专用尿沉渣计数板,显微镜下计数.对体检者在统一时间清晨7点钟留取尿液20～30毫升,按统一操作规程进行操作,对不同性别的人群进行参考值的调查.结果男性红细胞x是1.12,S是1.42,95%可信界限0～3.96,参考值范围0～4/μl;男性白细胞x是1.84,是S 2.05,95%可信界限0～5.94,参考值范围0～6/μl.女性红细胞x是2.46,S是3.26,95%可信界限0～8.98,参考值范围0～9/μl;女性白细胞x是2.25,S是3.82,95%可信界限0～9.89,参考值范围0～10/μl.结论通过1109名正常成人尿液红细胞及白细胞含量的调查,建立了牡丹江市的参考值.