Removal of cardiac beat artifact in oesophageal pressure measurement by frequency analysis

Oesophageal pressure (Pes) measurements are important in medical research and useful in clinical diagnosis. Measurements, however, are contaminated heavily by cardiac artifacts. The spectrum and waveform of the Pes signal is obtained from the oesophageal balloon. Adaptive finite impulse response (AFIR) filter and modified adaptive noise cancellation (MANC) methods are adopted to filter out cardiac beat interference. These results are compared. In the frequency domain, frequency variations and spectral overlap between the Pes components and cardiac beat signal components impact on the performance of the filter. From our experimental results on power strength, the fourth or higher harmonics did not have any significant effect on the filter performance. However, the second harmonics of these signals had a significant effect on the filtering result. Thus, in the design of AFIR filters, attention is needed to minimise these effects. In frequency analysis, these harmonics or overlapping frequencies do not affect MANC. MANC was the better method for eliminating cardiac beat artifact in Pes measurement. The dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was also used to evaluate the performance of MANC and AFIR. The standard deviation of Cdyn was less than 0.15 using MANC, compared with standard deviations as high as 0.57 for AFIR. We conclude that MANC performs better than AFIR.     

Human decidual stromal cells express alpha-smooth muscle actin and show ultrastructural similarities with myofibroblasts.

Previous reports in human and mouse material demonstrated that decidual stromal cells expressed antigens associated with haematopoietic cells, exerted immune functions, and originated from bone marrow. These findings suggested that these cells belonged to the haematopoietic lineage. We purified and expanded in culture precursors of human decidual stromal cells, and found in electron microscopic images that the ultrastructure of these cells was similar to that of myofibroblasts, which are of mesenchymal origin. The relationship between these two types of cell was confirmed by the detection (by flow cytometry) in the decidual precursors of alpha-smooth muscle actin, a contractile microfilament expressed solely by smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts and related cells. This filament was also detected in decidual stromal cells decidualized in vitro by the effect of progesterone. We also found vimentin in decidual precursors and decidualized cells. This intermediate filament has been previously reported to be expressed by all decidual stromal cells and also by myofibroblasts. Desmin, another intermediate filament expressed by myofibroblasts, was not detected in the decidual precursors; however, this filament was observed in decidualized cells. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin by decidual stromal cells was also found by immunostaining in cryostat sections of early decidua. Our results suggest that decidual stromal cells are related to myofibroblasts.     

胸锁乳突肌应用解剖学研究

了解胸锁乳突肌和副神经的解剖关系及在痉挛性斜颈中的作用,为手术治疗痉挛性斜颈的切口 和方法提供解剖依据。方法：观测活体成人男女各１００名例胸锁乳突肌长度、宽度,标本６５具（男３５具,女３０具） 该肌长、宽和厚度及其周围结构。结果：见乳突尖向胸锁乳突肌前缘４ ｃｍ（上 １／４下 ３／４交点）和向下至后缘５ ｃｍ （上中１／３交点）处连线深面有副神经（８０％±１５％）,该处是切断胸锁乳突肌及其副神经肌支的最佳部位之一。二腹 肌后腹深面为高位结扎切断副神经点,若再向上易伤颈内静脉。在胸锁乳突肌深面的副神经最大横径为（２．３± ０．５）ｍｍ。结论：沿副神经的体表投影线,设计出和投影线相应的手术切口,切断副神经和部分胸锁乳突肌是治疗痉 挛性斜颈的较好部位。     

重症肌无力重复神经电刺激检测的比较研究

目的比较肘肌、三角肌、小指展肌重复神经电刺激（RNS）对重症肌无力（MG）的诊断价值。方法应用低频RNS技术对18例MG患者的肘肌、三角肌、小指展肌进行疲劳前后的检测,用DANTECounterpoint肌电图仪记录。结果对照组肘肌、三角肌、小指展肌疲劳前RNS电压分别降低了1．54％±1．32％、1．64％±1．43％、0．62％±0．38％;疲劳后RNS电压分别降低了2．01％±1．75％、2．05％±1．98％、1．02％±0．75％。MG组肘肌、三角肌、小指展肌疲劳前测试阳性分别为9／18（50％）、10／18（55．6％）、3／18（16．7％）（P均＜0．05）;疲劳后RNS测试阳性分别为15／18（83．3％）、14／18（77．8％）、6／18（33．3％）（P均＜0．05）。经卡方检验,肘肌疲劳前后RNS测试阳性率有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。小指展肌、三角肌疲劳前后RNS测试阳性率对比无显著性差异。结论MG患者肘肌疲劳后RNS阳性率较疲劳前明显增高,而三角肌、小指展肌疲劳前后RNS阳性率无显著性差异;肘肌、三角肌RNS测试较小指展肌更敏感,但肘肌RNS方法简便,病人不适程度轻,有较大的临床实用价值。     

粉防己碱对大鼠膀胱平滑肌的药理作用

研究植物源性钙通道阻滞剂粉防己碱（Ｔｅｔ）对大鼠膀胱平滑肌的作用。结果发现,在整体实验中,Ｔｅｔ８ｍｇ／ｋｇ灌胃能在较少影响血压、心率的情况下,降低膀胱平滑肌的收缩力（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在离体实验中,Ｔｅｔ（１０、３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能浓度依赖性地非竞争性抑制由ＫＣｌ引起的大鼠正常和肥厚膀胱平滑肌的收缩反应,ＰＤ２′值分别为４．３５和３．７９。在连续每ｄ灌胃Ｔｅｔ８ｍｇ／ｋｇ６周后,能减轻膀胱重量并改善形态学变化,且明显降低膀胱对外源性激动剂如ＫＣｌ的反应性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示Ｔｅｔ在治疗某些泌尿系统疾病如膀胱激惹综合征等有一定的应用前景     

艾司洛尔预防气管内插管心血管反应的临床观察

研究艾司洛尔静注预防气管插管时心血管反应的效果。将９０例ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级择期全麻下手术患者随机分为３组,Ａ组（ｎ＝３０）静注艾司洛尔１ｍｇ．ｋｇ－１,Ｂ组（ｎ＝３０）静注艾司洛尔２ｍｇ．ｋｇ－１,Ｃ组（ｎ＝３０）为对照组,静注同等容量的生理盐水。观察注药前、插管前及插管后１ｍｉｎ、２ｍｉｎ、３ｍｉｎ、５ｍｉｎ、１０ｍｉｎ时,心率、收缩压和舒张压的变化。结果显示：Ａ组和Ｂ组均能较好地缓解窥喉和气管插管时心率增快和血压升高的心血管反应,效果尤以Ｂ组为佳;３组中各有１例发生心动过缓和低血压,未见哮喘和过敏。研究提示：艾司洛尔能安全有效地减轻插管时的心血管反应。     

二硫化碳作业女工早期胚胎损伤的剂量反应关系

目的 探讨女工二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）接触水平与胚胎早期发育障碍之间的剂量－反应关系。方法 前瞻观察生育女工妊娠所需的月 经周期数;收集每个月经周期胚胎植入期尿样,检测绒毛膜促性腺激素含量;监测女工作业地点ＣＳ２浓度。结果 ２５７名接触组经临床确诊妊娠的女工,各月经周期妊娠机率低于３６６名对照组女工,时间妊娠率随女工ＣＳ２接触水平（ＣＳ２接触浓度以ＣＳ２接触工龄）升高而降低：妊娠率＝０．７０３３－０．０     

外源性雄激素对幼年大鼠骨骼肌肌纤维及其运动终板形态的影响

目的：观察雄激素对骨骼肌肌纤维及其运动终板形态的影响。材料与方法：给５ ｄ 龄的Ｗｉｓｔａｒ 雄性大鼠持续５ 周肌内注射丙酸睾丸酮（每天４０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,用肌球蛋白ＡＴＰ酶染色法（ｐＨ１０－４ 孵育液预处理） 和乙酰胆碱酯酶染色法分别对大鼠趾长伸肌的肌纤维和运动终板染色。结果：雄激素对幼年雄性大鼠趾长伸肌的肌纤维类型形态以及运动终板的结构均没有显著影响（Ｐ＞０－０５）。结论：从形态上可能说明雄激素对肢体骨骼肌的收缩速度没有显著影响。     

罗库溴铵、阿曲库铵和琥珀酰胆碱三药肌松作用的对照研究

全麻下组Ⅰ以罗库溴铵０ ．６ ｍｇ／ｋｇ 静注,组Ⅱ以阿曲库铵０ ．５ ｍｇ／ｋｇ 静注,组Ⅲ以琥珀酰胆碱１ ．５ ｍｇ／ｋｇ 静注。结果：气管插管条件,以琥珀酰胆碱组肌松作用最好,而罗库溴铵和阿曲库铵肌松作用相似;罗库溴铵组肌松起效时间、临床恢复时间和无反应时间分别为８６ ．２５ ±２７ ．１３ｓ 、２９ ．９０ ±６ ．２５ ｍｉｎ 和２０ ．８４ ±７ ．９５ ｍｉｎ ,介于其它两药之间。说明,罗库溴铵可为临床提供较好的气管插管条件,且无琥珀酰胆碱的诸多副作用。     

147Pm诱导血红细胞系对60Coγ射线辐射的适应性反应

目的　研究低剂量１４７Ｐｍ 内照射能否改变相继高剂量６０Ｃｏγ射线引起的ＲＢＣ 损伤的适应性效应。方法　应用外周血ＲＢＣ计数、网织红细胞（ＲＣ）计数、正常染红细胞（ＮＣＥ） 微核和嗜多染红细胞（ＰＣＥ） 微核检测,观察低剂量１４７Ｐｍ 内污染诱导小鼠ＲＢＣ系统的适应性反应。结果　剂量为２ ．０Ｇｙ 的６０Ｃｏ γ射线外照射可引起明显的血ＲＢＣ 系统损伤,与正常对照组比较,ＲＢＣ和ＲＣ计数显著降低（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１） ;ＮＣＥ和ＰＣＥ微核细胞率明显增高（Ｐ＜ ０．０１） 。预先用０．３７、３ ．７ 和３７Ｂｑ／ｇ 体重的１４７Ｐｍ 内污染预处理动物,３ 天后再予２．０Ｇｙ 的高剂量６０Ｃｏ γ射线外照射,ＲＢＣ和ＲＣ计数则显著增高,ＮＣＥ和ＰＣＥ微核细胞率显著降低,与单纯高剂量６０Ｃｏ γ射线外照射组比较有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;并且某些指标与正常对照组比较已无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０．０５） 。结论　预先用低剂量１４７Ｐｍ β射线内照射动物, 可诱导血ＲＢＣ 系统的放射适应性反应,使血ＲＢＣ系统对相继高剂量６０Ｃｏ γ射线外照射引起的损伤效应有了明显的抵抗力。提示外周血ＲＢＣ 系统可作为低剂量辐射细胞生物效应的观察指标之一