五年制高职护生专业自我概念的纵向研究

目的了解五年制高职护生专业自我概念的变化趋势,分析影响因素。方法便利抽取某校2010级五年制高职护生104人进行为期5年的追踪调查,调查内容包括专业自我概念及其影响因素。结果 5年来,护生的专业自我概念总分均75分,领导力、满意度、沟通交流维度及总分变化有统计学差异(P0.05,P0.01)。发展前景、护士形象、劳动报酬、理论知识是影响护生专业自我概念的主要因素,共解释其变异的69.5%。结论五年制高职护生专业自我概念总体较积极,各维度的变化趋势不相同,需针对影响因素采取干预策略。     

Relationship of non-LDL-bound apo(a), urinary apo(a) fragments and plasma Lp(a) in patients with impaired renal function.

BACKGROUND: Plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has been shown to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in numerous studies. However, the catabolism of this lipoprotein is not very clear. We and others have shown that Lp(a) is excreted into urine in the form of fragments. Lp(a) has also been shown to exist in a low-density non-lipoprotein (LDL)-bound form. Since Lp(a) is increased in all forms of kidney disease with reduced excretory kidney function and decreased excretion of apo(a) fragments could be partially responsible for this increase, we investigated the relationship of non-LDL-bound apo(a), urinary apo(a) fragments and plasma Lp(a) in patients with impaired renal function. METHODS: Plasma Lp(a), non-LDL-bound apo(a) and urinary apo(a) fragments were measured in 55 kidney disease patients (28 males and 27 females) and matched controls. RESULTS: Plasma Lp(a) and non-LDL-bound apo(a) were increased in patients, whereas urinary apo(a) was decreased, especially in patients with a creatinine clearance < 70 ml/min. There was a significant correlation between plasma Lp(a) and non-LDL-bound apo(a) in patients and controls. CONCLUSION: We conclude that decreased urinary apo(a) excretion could be one possible mechanism of increased plasma Lp(a) and non-LDL-bound apo(a) in patients with decreased kidney function.     

Blocking glutamate‐mediated signalling inhibits human melanoma growth and migration

Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that has been shown to regulate the proliferation, migration and survival of neuronal progenitors in the central nervous system through its action on metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs). Antagonists of ionotropic GluRs have been shown to cause a rapid and reversible change in melanocyte dendritic morphology, which is associated with the disorganization of actin and tubulin microfilaments in the cytoskeleton. Intracellular expression of microtubule‐associated protein (MAP) 2a affects the assembly, stabilization and bundling of microtubules in melanoma cells; stimulates the development of dendrites; and suppresses melanoma cell migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated the relationship between glutamate‐mediated signalling and microtubules, cell dendritic morphology and melanoma cell motility. We found that metabotropic GluR1 and N‐methyl‐d ‐aspartate receptor antagonists increased dendritic branching and inhibited the motility, migration and proliferation of melanoma cells. We also demonstrated that the invasion and motility of melanoma cells are significantly inhibited by the combination of increased expression of MAP2a and either metabotropic GluR1 or N‐methyl‐d ‐aspartate receptor antagonists. Moreover, the blockade of glutamate receptors inhibited melanoma growth in vivo. Collectively, these results demonstrate the importance of glutamate signalling in human melanoma and suggest that the blockade of glutamate receptors is a promising novel therapy for treating melanoma.     

髓细胞白血病β—catenin表达及与外源性Wnt5a的作用关系

目的调查β-catenin在髓细胞白血病标本及细胞株中的表达,明确外源性Wnt5a与K562细胞β-catenin表达的关系。方法首先以RT-PCR和免疫组化检测β-catenin在髓细胞白血病标本及细胞株中的表达,再以Wnt5a条件培养液处理K562细胞,然后用Westernblot检测β-catenin表达变化。结果β-catenin在髓细胞系白血病标本及细胞株中有普遍表达,但外源性Wnt5a不能明显下调K562细胞β-catenin表达。结论外源性Wnt5a对K562细胞Wnt／β-catenin信号传导途径无明显抑制作用。     

应用同源重组技术构建小鼠Cchl1a3基因R528H突变型打靶载体的策略

目的构建小鼠Cchl1a3基因R528H突变型基因敲入打靶载体,模仿低血钾周期性麻痹患者中的对应发现。方法采用置换型载体,分为长短、短臂设计（1.5～2.0kb）,以便用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法筛选中靶载体和ES细胞（embrgonic stem cell）。首先以Cchl1a3基因为模板设计引物,并引入与质粒内插入位点酶切序列相配的内切酶序列,扩增用于套取的同源臂a和b,以及用于插入筛选基因和实行定点突变的同源臂c和d,c和d首尾相接,用点突变特异性PCR在c内实现R528H突变。将a和b定向插入pBR322,借助于温度敏感的pSC101-BAD-gba-（tet）质粒的表达Red/ET重组酶,使其与携带Cchl1a3基因的细菌人工染色体（BAC）实现同源重组,套取含目的突变点、长约8kb的Cchl1a3的基因片断,形成pBR322-Cchl1a3。将c和d定向插入PL451质粒Frt-Neo-Frt片段两侧,酶切c-Frt-Neo-Frt-d片断纯化后,再与pBR322-Cchl1a3质粒一同转入含Red/ET重组酶基因的大肠杆菌EL250菌株,在重组酶的催化下再次实现同源重组,在Cchl1a3基因的给定位点实现R528H突变并插入包含筛选基因和重组酶识别位点的Frt-Neo-Frt片断,完成载体的构建。载体构建过程中,酶切位点变化导致的片断程度改变作为初筛,PCR产物测序结果作为最后的鉴定依据。结果打靶载体符合设计要求。结论运用点突变特异性PCR,结合Red/ET重组技术构建基因定点突变的基因敲入型打靶载体,在重组酶催化下仅需要2次同源重组即可完成。该策略成熟简便,省时省力,构建的载体易于鉴定。     

高原扁桃体反复感染伴OSAHS患者血中CRP、TNF-a的相关性研究

目的：观察高原（2300m～3700m）扁桃体反复感染伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSABS）患者血中C-反应蛋白（CaP）、肿瘤细胞坏死因子-a（TNF—a）水平影响。方法：选择通过多导睡眠仪（PSC）确诊的30例OSAHS患者和29例正常对照组。用放射免疫法测定两组血清TNF-a水平，用散射比浊法测定两组血清CRP水平，进行对照分析。结果：OSAHS患者呼吸暂停-低通气指数（AHI）与CRP、TNF—a水平呈正相关（r=0．37，P〈0．01），与夜间最低SaO2呈负相关（r=-0．56，P〈0．001）。OSAHS患者CRP、TNF—a水平较对照组显著性增高（P〈0．001）。结论：OSAHS患者CRP、TNF—a血清水平增高与炎症、低氧血症的发生相关。     

重组人干扰素α-2a口含片剂的豚鼠毒性试验

目的评价重组人干扰素α-2a(rIFNα-2a)口含片剂对豚鼠口腔黏膜及内脏器官的毒性作用。方法设试验组、赋形剂组及空白对照组,每组用6只豚鼠,试验组口含rIFNα-2a片剂(300 IU/片),1片/d,含5~7min,连续含服6 d。赋形剂组口含乳糖颗粒片剂(0.15 g/片),方法同上。空白对照组未含任何物质。临床观察6 d后全部活杀。剖检口腔黏膜、咽部黏膜及内脏等器官,10%甲醇液固定,常规病理制片,HE染色,光镜观察。结果试验组与赋形剂组和空白对照组之间的组织病理学所见相似,均未见明显毒性病理损伤。结论rIFNα-2a口含片剂对豚鼠口腔黏膜及内脏器官均未见明显毒性作用,证实rIFNα-2a口含片剂安全可靠。     

IFN-α2a - GFE-1融合基因的构建及表达

 目的构建IFN-α 2a-GFE-1融合基因载体,检测其在转染细胞的表达,为肺癌基因导向药物治疗积累实验资料.方法应用聚合酶链式反应技术(PCR)对干扰素(IFN)-α 2a羧基端的酶切位点进行改造,并人工合成肺特异性结合多肽CGFECVRQCPERC(GFE-1)的寡核苷酸片段,二者连接后克隆入pGEM-3zf质粒,连接产物转化感受态DH5α细胞,挑选阳性克隆经EcoRⅠ+PstⅠ酶切鉴定后测序,将测序正确的目的基因从测序载体相应酶切位点消化回收并纯化后,与上述酶处理过的PBV220质粒连接,连接产物常规转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,经筛选后随机挑选阳性菌落,提取质粒酶切鉴定.结果序列分析表明合成片段成功的插入IFN-α 2a羧基端,大小、位置、方向均正确无误;融合基因克隆入PBV 220表达载体在大肠杆菌中获得有效表达.结论IFN-α 2a-GFE-1融合基因载体的构建及表达,为检测其在肺内特异性分布及抑瘤活性研究提供了实验基础.