甲型H1N1流感发热门诊患者自我效能感及其影响因素的研究

目的 了解甲型H1N1流感发热门诊患者自我效能感状况及其影响因素.方法 运用一般情况调查表、一般自我效能感昔表、甲型H1N1流感认知调查表、社会支持评定量表对来我院发热门诊就诊的826例患者进行问卷调查.结果 调查对象一般自我效能感得分为(2.44±0.63)分,低于常模(P<0.05);调查对象的一般自我效能感得分受其年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、社会支持程度、甲型H1N1流感认知程度的影响(P<0.05);与年龄、文化程度、社会支持程度、甲型H1N1流感认知程度呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 甲型H1N1流感发热门诊患者一般自我效能感得分较低,护理人员在接诊发热患者时,应了解其自我效能感状况,分析影响因素,给予有效的护理干预,提高自我效能感,增强流感防控效果.     

Limb segment inclination sense in proprioception

Summary Two experiments were performed to determine if proprioceptive signals are perceived more readily in terms of limb segment inclinations to the vertical than as joint angles. Subjects attempted to match arm positions with the upper arms supported at different inclinations. Constant error data showed that, when instructed to match forearm inclinations to the vertical, subjects were very accurate. When required to match elbow joint angles, however, errors were strongly biased in the direction of matching forearm inclinations. The results support a view of proprioception as a system in which afferent signals related to the gravitational torques acting at joints lead to the perception of limb orientation rather than joint angles. Such a system would allow more efficient determination of the relationship of limb segments to external objects than would one based purely on joint angles.This work was supported in part by research awards from the U.S. Public Health Service, AG05154, NS17421 and NATO no 227/82     

从教育角度看高校毕业生的职业忠诚问题

近几年,高校毕业生以其庞大的规模引起了社会多方关注。但社会各界更多的是讨论如何扩大高校毕业生就业,而对其择业后的职业稳定程度较为忽视。频繁转换职业对用人单位和毕业生自身都造成了很大影响和损失,本文拟从高校毕业生的就业和职业现状出发,分析原因,寻找对策。     

Which factors explain information exchange and user referral among program implementers?

The Program for Psychosocial Care and Comprehensive Health for Victims serves, on a yearly basis, an average of 25,000 users in northern Colombia alone. The program is implemented by multidisciplinary teams comprised of psychologists, social workers, and community facilitators, who step in at the individual, family, and community levels. An attempt has been made to determine the effect generated by the timeframe through which professionals have been engaged with the program-filling positions of centrality and betweenness within the networks of information exchange and user referral, including the potential mediating effect from the structure of the egocentric network of implementers in the two aforementioned networks and the moderating effect of the sense of belonging to a team of professionals. Both centrality and betweenness are positional measures describing the location actors occupied within the network structure. Centrality reflects the nominations made and receipt by an actor in a network and is considered an individual indicator of prominence and power. Betweenness shows the times that an actor act as a bridge among two actors in a network and it is considered an indicator of strategic positioning in social networks. An egocentric network is the local structure of relationships that each implementer maintains with his or her direct contacts. In this study, 112 active implementers were included, mostly women (n = 97, 88.2%), who had been working on the program for 16.9 months on average (SD = 14.7). Through conditional process analysis, it has been shown that the time that the implementers have been working on the program and the sense of belonging to the task team are relevant factors that interact with each other toward explaining the level of centrality and betweenness of professionals in the information exchange and user referral networks.     

“颞颥”部位义试诠

文章运用语言学知识和中医学原理,分析了唐代以前古医籍中“颞颥”的用法,认为“颞颥”的部位义指颞肌所在部位,即头侧、眼眶外后方的体表处。范围从额侧眼眶骨外后方、耳上方直到耳后。     

微波凝固术治疗五官疾病疗效分析

肥厚性鼻炎、过敏性鼻是、鼻中隔李氏区出血系五官科门诊常见病．多发病,药物治疗收效不显。手术治疗时肥厚性鼻炎为可轻易行之,手术切除太多,常易继发萎缩性鼻炎;对过敏性鼻炎手术切除翼管神经难度大,费用高且并发症较多。近年来,随着现代诊疗方法及电磁学技术在医学领域的广泛应用,微波医学逐步趋向成熟,借助微波发射接触器安全可靠地治疗多学科临床难治性疾病,取得了最好疗效。     

Sense of coherence and social support predict living liver donors' emotional stress prior to living-donor liver transplantation

Abstract:  The protection of the donors from physical or emotional harm has been a fundamental principle in living-donor liver donation from the beginning. Psychosomatic donor evaluation aims at the selection of eligible donors and the screening and exclusion of psychiatrically vulnerable donors. As clinical interviews may include subjective biases, efforts should be made to establish objective criteria for donor assessment. In recent research, protective factors have been reported to be a significant force behind healthy adjustment to life stresses and can be investigated as possible predictors of donors' eligibility. Being the central construct of Antonovsky's theory of salutogenesis, the sense of coherence is one of the most surveyed protective factors and a good predictor of individuals' stability when experiencing stress. Furthermore, family support has been shown to be a valuable protective resource in coping with stress. This study surveyed whether sense of coherence and social support predict donors' emotional strain prior to transplantation. Seventy-one donor candidates were included in the study during the donor evaluation prior to living-donor liver transplantation. Sense of coherence proved to be a significant predictor for all criterion variables, namely anxiety, depression and mental quality of life. In addition to this, donor candidates who were classified as eligible for donation in the psychosomatic interview had significantly higher values on sense of coherence total scores compared with rejected donors. In a multiple regression analysis, sense of coherence and social support together yielded a prediction of depression with an explained variance of 22% ( R ²  = 0.22). Sense of coherence and social support can be implemented as self-rating instruments in the psychosomatic selection of donors and would help to further objectify donors' eligibility.     

Dental fear affects adolescent perception of interaction with dental staff

The main purpose of this study was to explore whether subjective perception of interaction with dental staff is associated with dental fear in a population‐based sample of 18‐yr‐old adolescents (n = 773). The interaction was measured using the Patient Dental Staff Interaction Questionnaire (PDSIQ), validated with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, which yielded the factors of ‘kind atmosphere and mutual communication’, ‘roughness’, ‘insecurity’, ‘trust and safety’, and ‘shame and guilt’. Dental fear was measured using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Gender and sense of coherence (SOC) were included as potential confounding variables. Adolescents with high dental fear more often perceived their interaction with dental staff negatively and more often felt insecure than others. This difference persisted after adjustment for gender and SOC. In conclusion, adolescents with high dental fear may perceive their interaction with dental staff more positively if the staff succeed in creating a positive, trusting, approving, and supportive atmosphere with kindness, calmness, and patience. The communication and interaction skills of dental staff may play a particularly important role when encountering highly fearful dental patients.