The mediating role of interpersonal needs on attitude towards ageing and its relationship with community sense and depression among community-dwelling older adults

This study aimed to determine the impact of community sense, depression and interpersonal needs on attitude towards ageing among older adults. This is a cross-sectional and correlational study. From December 2018 to June 2019, 211 community-dwelling older adults from a mid-sized city in Korea participated in the study. The results showed a significant interpersonal needs path from depression and community sense to attitude towards ageing. When interpersonal needs were mediated, the indirect effect of both depression and community sense on attitude towards ageing was significant. Interpersonal needs had a significant mediating effect on the relationships between attitude towards ageing and community sense and depression. The results of this study showed the effects of socio-psychological factors on attitude towards ageing, which is a known indicator of successful ageing and quality of life improvement in older adults. Based on this study, we suggest that the development of programs to promote successful ageing should include strategies to improve community sense, interpersonal needs fulfilment and interventions to reduce depression.     

音乐与视听联合对人工流产患者心理应激的影响

目的：探讨音乐与视听联合对人工流产病人心理应激的影响。方法：采用随机对照研究方法将150例人工流产病人随机分成3组,每组50例,①音乐组手术时戴耳机听音乐;②视听联合分散组手术时看DVD并戴耳机听碟片里播放的声音;③对照组手术时不听音乐也不看DVD。比较3组患者间的焦虑水平和人工流产综合征的发生情况。结果：音乐组手术后焦虑水平显著低于视听联合组和对照组（P〈0.05）,视听联合组低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;人工流产综合征发生率：音乐组和视听联合组明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：音乐与视听联合能降低人工流产病人焦虑水平,减轻病人应激反应,减少手术并发症发生。     

Dissociation between exact and approximate addition in developmental dyslexia

Previous research has suggested that number sense and language are involved in number representation and calculation, in which number sense supports approximate arithmetic, and language permits exact enumeration and calculation. Meanwhile, individuals with dyslexia have a core deficit in phonological processing. Based on these findings, we thus hypothesized that children with dyslexia may exhibit exact calculation impairment while doing mental arithmetic. The reaction time and accuracy while doing exact and approximate addition with symbolic Arabic digits and non-symbolic visual arrays of dots were compared between typically developing children and children with dyslexia. Reaction time analyses did not reveal any differences across two groups of children, the accuracies, interestingly, revealed a distinction of approximation and exact addition across two groups of children. Specifically, two groups of children had no differences in approximation. Children with dyslexia, however, had significantly lower accuracy in exact addition in both symbolic and non-symbolic tasks than that of typically developing children. Moreover, linguistic performances were selectively associated with exact calculation across individuals. These results suggested that children with dyslexia have a mental arithmetic deficit specifically in the realm of exact calculation, while their approximation ability is relatively intact.     

序列标签法寻找日本血吸虫新基因

目的　寻找日本血吸虫新的疫苗候选分子 ,通过构建基因的反义核酸表达载体进行基因性质功能研究。　方法　运用表达序列标签法寻找并获得日本血吸虫新基因 ,对未知基因进行功能分析 ,并构建反义真核表达载体。　结果　获得表达序列标签 JAYL0 2 30的全长 c DNA序列 ,其推导氨基酸序列与人类和猪等生物的抗凋亡因子 1具有同源性 ,将之反向克隆入真核表达载体 p EGFP- N3中。　结论　表达序列标签法与生物信息技术结合有利于寻找新基因 ,反义核酸载体的构建为进一步研究基因功能提供帮助     

社区药学服务调查报告Ⅱ

目的调查分析社区老年人群用药常识及对社区药学服务的需求情况,为社区开展老年人药学服务提供理论依据。方法对温州12个社区的居民进行问卷调查,选取60岁以上老年人与60以下的成年人进行对比分析。结果社区老年人健康问题以高血压、糖尿病等慢性病为主;社区老年人与非老年人在社区卫生服务中心购药的比例分别为58.25%与42.42%;79.80%老年人有家中备药习惯,但仅13.13%老年人按说明书中贮存要求存放药品;老年组与非老年组相比,用药误区存在显著性差异,老年组用药问题相对较多,在合理用药知识宣传、指导家庭备用药的选用及上门服务等药学服务方面存在更大的需求。结论社区老年人用药存在诸多问题,对社区药学服务的需求非常迫切。老年人社区药学服务目前还处于初级探索阶段,还需要社区药师发挥专业特长不断探索,不断实践,不断创新,让药学服务模式融入到社区卫生服务。     

河南省中小学教师职业倦怠的现状及成因分析

目的:探讨河南省中小学教师职业倦怠现状、成因及对策。方法:采用教师职业倦怠量表、社会支持评定量表、总体幸福感量表和教师职业压力源问卷,于2013年采用分层随机整群的抽样方法,对560名中小学教师进行调查。结果:男性教师情感衰竭和去人格化程度高于女性(t=2.132和2.293,P<0.05);不同年龄段的教师情感衰竭和去人格化得分差异有统计学意义(F=15.722和5.573,P<0.05);不同教龄教师在情感衰竭和去人格化得分上差异有统计学意义(F=11.048和3.930,P<0.05);不同职称的教师在情感衰竭的得分上差异有统计学意义(F=11.751,P<0.001);中学老师的情感衰竭和去人格化得分高于小学教师(t=6.333和3.220,P<0.05);城市(县市)地区教师的情感衰竭和去人格化得分高于农村地区(t=5.124和2.315,P<0.05)。社会支持3个因子与去人格化呈负相关,与成就感低落呈正相关(P<0.05);除松弛与紧张因子外,总体幸福感的其他5个因子与情感衰竭、去人格化呈负相关,与成就感低落呈正相关(P<0.05);职业压力的6个因子与情感衰竭和去人格化呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:中小学教师的社会支持度、总体幸福感和职业压力对中小学教师职业倦怠产生影响。     

An investigation of the effect of the lower extremity sensation on gait in children with cerebral palsy

BackgroundSensory disorders frequently accompany the motor disorders in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Research questionDo children with CP have sensory disturbances in their lower extremities? If there are sensory impairments, do these impairments affect gait?MethodsIn total, 45 children (18 females, 27 males) in an age range between 5 and 18 years were included in the study: 15 typically developing children, 15 unilaterally affected children with cerebral palsy, and 15 bilaterally affected children with cerebral palsy. They could walk independently at the levels of I or II according to the gross motor function classification. After the demographic data of the children were recorded, their tactile sense, vibration sense, two-point discrimination, and proprioception were evaluated, and the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS) was used for gait assessment.ResultsFailures were discovered in lower extremity tactile (p = 0.001), two-point discrimination (p = 0.001), and proprioceptive senses of the children with CP (p = 0.001), and the loss of tactile sense was found to be related to gait disorders (p = 0.02, r = 0.41).SignificanceThere were deficiencies in the lower extremity senses, and deficiencies in the tactile sense negatively affected gait. Performing sensory assessments, which are considered to be fundamental for gait training in the rehabilitation of children with CP, and providing support for the lacking parameters in the intervention programs may create positive effects on gait.