经皮椎体成形术联合肿瘤介入摘除术治疗转移瘤导致的椎体压缩性骨折

目的探究经皮椎体成形术(PVP)联合肿瘤介入摘除术(ITR)治疗转移瘤导致的椎体压缩性骨折的疗效,并评价其安全性。方法 2014年1月—2017年6月收治中国人民解放军陆军第八十三集团军医院转移瘤导致的椎体压缩性骨折患者共94例,其中49例采用PVP治疗(PVP组),45例采用PVP联合ITR治疗(PVP+ITR组)。记录2组患者的骨水泥注射量及骨水泥渗漏情况,观察神经功能障碍及感染等并发症发生情况,采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评价疼痛改善情况。结果所有手术顺利完成,所有患者随访超过12个月。PVP组骨水泥注射量为(3.12±0.67)mL,PVP+ITR组为(5.33±1.67)mL,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。PVP组骨水泥渗漏率为48.98%,PVP+ITR组为20.75%,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。2组患者术后VAS评分均较术前改善,且术后1、3、6、12个月PVP+ITR组VAS评分优于PVP组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。2组患者术后均未见神经功能障碍及感染等并发症发生。结论 PVP联合ITR治疗转移瘤导致的椎体压缩性骨折能够有效维持椎体稳定,减少骨水泥渗漏的发生,有效缓解疼痛,具有临床应用价值。     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗90岁以上老人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）治疗90岁以上老人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折（osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF）的临床疗效。方法 2006年7月～2012年1月,对连续住院的90岁以上老人胸腰椎OVCF 65例行PVP治疗,共计71个椎体,详细记录术前及术后疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、止痛药使用评分、活动能力评分、新发骨折情况等。结果 53例获得完整随访,12例因并发心脑血管疾病、肺部感染等内科疾病死亡或失访。术后2小时、5天、1个月、半年及1年的疼痛VAS分别为中位数3.00（1～5）、2.00（0～4）、1.00（O～3）、1.00（0～3）及1.00（0～3）,与术前VAS评分[8.00（5～10）]比较,差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）。止痛药使用评分术后2小时[1.00（0～2）]较术前[1.00（0～4）]显著改善（P〈0.05）,末次随访时均为0,与术后比较差异显著（P〈0.05）。活动能力评分术后5天[2.00（1～3）]较术前[4.00（2～4）]明显改善（P〈0.05）,末次随访时为[2.00（1～3）],活动能力进一步改善。截至末次随访时,lO例新发OVCF,新发骨折率为18.9％（10／53）,其中邻近节段骨折7例,发生率13.2％（7／53）。结论 对于90岁以上老人的OVCF,PVP能显著缓解疼痛,明显改善活动能力,减少对止痛药物依赖,是有效可靠的治疗手段。     

添加不同类型、比例的显影剂后骨水泥性能的变化

目的探讨添加不同类型、比例的显影剂后骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA)聚合过程的变化,X线密度和抗压强度等生物力学的差异。方法用非离子碘造影剂和纯硫酸钡粉作显影剂分别加入PMMA,按粉∶液∶钡粉比例分别为15∶10∶3,15∶10∶1.5和粉∶液∶非离子碘造影剂分别为15∶10∶5,15∶10∶3组成4个实验组,用粉∶液比例为15∶10为对照组,每组8份,在体外测试其聚合过程;并制成相同大小的PMMA圆柱体40节,每组8份。结果添加硫酸钡粉后PMMA的聚合时间延长60～120s,15∶10∶3组平均延长约120s,添加非离子碘造影剂的2组则聚合过程无明显影响。添加硫酸钡粉或非离子碘造影剂后PMMA的最高聚合温度均有显著性差异;与对照组相比,4个实验组的X线密度有显著性差异,以15∶10∶3添加纯钡粉的PMMA组显影最强;加入非离子碘造影剂后PMMA最大抗压强度降低25%～31%(P<0.05),而加入纯钡粉的PMMA的最大抗压强度无显著变化。结论PMMA中加入一定比例的纯硫酸钡粉可延长聚合时间,而加入一定比例的非离子碘造影剂对聚合时间无明显影响;添加这两种显影剂后均可提高PMMA的X线显影能力,而以15∶10∶3添加纯钡粉的PMMA组显影最强;加入一定比例纯钡粉对PMMA的最大抗压强度无显著影响。     

改良一侧PKP联合对侧PVP与双侧PKP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的对比研究

目的探讨同椎体一侧经皮椎体后凸成形术 (percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP) 联合对侧经皮椎体成形术 (percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP) 对治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折 (osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs) 的临床疗效。方法选择 2018 年 5~12 月收治的 67 例胸腰椎 OCVFs 患者。其中试验组 (改良一侧 PKP 联合对侧 PVP) 31 例,对照组 (传统双侧 PKP) 36 例。统计比较两组手术时间、术前与术后疼痛视觉模拟评分 (visual analogue scale,VAS)、骨水泥注入量和渗漏率、Cobb’s 角矫正情况以及椎体前缘和中部的高度变化,分析各项指标之间的差异是否具有统计学意义。结果所有患者术后症状均得到明显缓解,均未发生严重并发症。其中,试验组手术时间 (33.35±11.34) min,术前与术后 7 天 VAS 评分分别为 (7.60±2.34) 分和 (1.95±0.63) 分,椎体前缘高度分别为 (18.78±3.07) mm 和 (28.22±4.98) mm,椎体中部高度分别为 (19.21±4.35) mm 和 (30.82±3.31) mm,Cobb’s 角分别为 (26.84±4.79) °和 (13.66±3.13) °;对照组手术时间为 (42.10±12.26) min,术前与术后 7 天 VAS 评分分别为 (7.85±1.87) 分和 (2.11±0.45) 分,椎体前缘高度分别为 (20.31±4.76) mm 和 (26.76±2.21) mm,椎体中部高度分别为 (20.88±3.16) mm 和 (29.79±1.96) mm,Cobb’s 角分别为 (25.13±3.02) °和 (13.38±1.21) °。两组椎体前缘和中部高度、Cobb’s 角、VAS 评分术后与术前比较差异均有统计学意义 (P<0.05),但所有患者两侧缘高度改善率之间差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05)。组间比较,试验组手术操作时间低于对照组 (P<0.05),但椎体前缘和中部高度、Cobb’s 角度、VAS 评分的恢复改善差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05)。共有 9 例发生骨水泥渗漏 (试验组 5 例,对照组 4 例),渗漏率差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05)。结论改良一侧 PKP 联合对侧 PVP 与双侧 PKP 术式均能获得良好临床疗效。同时两种术式对疼痛改善程度、伤椎的复位效果以及骨水泥渗漏率方面差异无统计学意义,但改良一侧 PKP 联合对侧 PVP 在手术操作时间上明显优于双侧 PKP 术式。     

Damage-based finite-element vertebroplasty simulations

The objectives of this study were to quantify the efficacy of vertebroplasty according to: (1) damage and (2) cement quantity (fill) and modulus. Vertebral body damage was numerically simulated using a previously validated two-dimensional finite-element model coupled with an elasto-plastic modulus reduction (EPMR) scheme. The effects of cement fill (% marrow replaced by cement, % MRC) and cement modulus on vertebral apparent modulus and trabecular bone tissue stress concentrations were parametrically assessed for four EPMR damage models (19%, 33%, 60%, and 91% modulus reduction). For this analysis, the elastic modulus of the trabecular bone tissue and marrow elements were assumed to be 10 GPa and 10 kPa, respectively. The effect of cement modulus (varied in the range 1 GPa to 9 GPa) on vertebral apparent modulus was also examined for partial fill (39% MRC) and complete fill (100% MRC) using the 33% modulus reduction damage model. In the case of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA cement modulus = 2.16 GPa), restoration of the thoracic vertebral body (T10) apparent modulus to undamaged levels required 71% and 100% cement fill for the 19–33% and 60–91% modulus reduction damage models, respectively. Variations in cement modulus had no appreciable effect on the recovery of vertebral apparent modulus to undamaged levels for simulations of partial cement fill (39% MRC). For complete cement fill, however, a PMMA cement modulus produced approximately a 2-fold increase (82%) in vertebral apparent modulus relative to the undamaged vertebral body. Increasing the cement modulus to 9 GPa increased the vertebral apparent modulus over 2.5-fold (158%) relative to the undamaged state. The EPMR damage scheme and repair simulations performed in this study will help clinicians and cement manufacturers to improve vertebroplasty procedures.     

A syringe compressor for vertebroplasty: technical note

OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (VP) has become a popular technique to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and spinal column neoplasms. The consistency of the bone cement mixture during the procedure would appear to be increasing with time, but the physician experiences injection difficulty, and there are also concerns with the limited injection time available for such a procedure. METHODS: We describe a special-design screw-syringe compressor to be used with the ordinary 10 mL Luer-Lok syringe and a short connecting tube for the injection of bone cement during VP. RESULTS: The syringe compressor could yield maximum 2,772 psi compression pressure and could finely control the cement delivery rate to 0.2 mL/ a turn. We have used this technique to treat 296 consecutive patients with 384 vertebral compression fractures who were suffering from disabling back pain refractory to analgesic therapy. Using this technique, the injection time can be prolonged to 12 min and the delivery volume can be better controlled. CONCLUSION: With the aid of the syringe compressor, the cementing material can be accurately and steadily injected as desired by the physician. Bone-cement injection can be better controlled with this syringe compressor. Furthermore, this delivery system would reduce per treatment cost.     

AF加人工骨椎体成形术治疗腰椎骨折

目的：探讨应用AF椎弓根螺钉并经椎弓根人工骨注入椎体成形术治疗腰椎骨折的疗效。方法：对5例腰椎骨折，其中单纯压缩性骨折3例、爆裂性骨折2例，Frankel分级D级2例，E级3例，采用AF固定并经伤椎椎弓根液状人工骨注入椎体成形术。结果：2例神经功能D级转为E级，脊柱后凸角平均恢复210，椎体高度平均恢复95％，人工骨椎体内充填满意，无外渗现象，随访3～15个月，平均8月无固定松动、断裂，椎体高度变低及生理弧度缺失现象。结论：AF内固定加椎体成形术能够提供脊柱的稳定性，重建伤椎前中柱的生物学功能，其方法简单，效果良好，值得推广。     

Vertebroplasty with self-locking hexagonal metal implants shows comparable primary and secondary stiffness to PMMA cement augmentation techniques in a biomechanical vertebral compression fracture model

With the growing incidence of vertebral compression fractures in elderly patients having a fair overall health condition, minimal-invasive treatment techniques are getting in focus of surgical therapy. Cement augmentation is widely performed and its complications and mechanical limitations are well described. Implants avoiding the side effects of cement augmentation while reaching the same level of stability would be desirable. The primary and secondary stability of a new augmentation method with self-locking hexagonal metal implants were investigated and compared with the performance of established augmentation options. 18 fresh-frozen human spinal specimens (Th12–L2/L3–L5) were tested with pure moments of 7.5 Nm in a six-degree-of-freedom spine simulator to investigate primary and secondary stability of three augmentation techniques: (1) vertebroplasty, (2) PMMA filled cavity and (3) hexagonal metal implants. An increasing three-step cyclic loading model was included. Elastic displacement and height loss under loading did not show significant differences between the three test groups. Investigation of primary and secondary stability evenly demonstrated comparable results for all techniques indicating an insufficiency to stabilise the fracture with higher load cycles. The newly introduced method for augmentation with the metal implant Spine Pearls achieved comparable results to bone cement based techniques in a biomechanical in vitro study. Midterm and longterm reduction preservation and ingrowth of the implants have to be proven in further studies.     

椎体成形术联合后路椎弓根内固定对老年胸腰段脊柱骨折疗效观察

目的探讨椎体成形术联合后路椎弓根内固定对老年胸腰段脊柱骨折的治疗效果,为该疾病的有效治疗提供科学理论依据。方法随机选取2010年12月~2014年12月期间治疗的100例老年胸腰段脊柱骨折患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中接受椎体成形术与后路椎弓根内固定联合治疗方法患者53例为实验组,单纯接受后路椎弓根内固定治疗方法患者47例为对照组。观察两组患者椎管狭窄、椎体前缘压缩、Cobb's角、疼痛指数的改善情况以及并发症发生情况,并对其进行比较。结果通过对比发现,实验组患者治疗效果明显好于对照组,且统计学结果表明两组间的差异均具有统计学意义(0.05)。结论椎体成形术联合后路椎弓根内固定对老年胸腰段脊柱骨折治疗效果好,并发症少,且术后患者功能恢复良好,具有临床推广价值。