Academic and personality correlates of career indecision in medical students entering training

The academic and personality correlates of medical career indecision were investigated in two separate studies. In the first, the effect of career indecision on academic performance was examined in a group of ninety-eight (eighty male, eighteen female) medical students entering Texas Tech University School of Medicine over a 2-year period. These medical students voluntarily completed the Medical Specialty Preference Inventory (MSPI) as part of a routine preadmission test battery. Subjects were assigned to one of three conditions—decided, high-interest undecided and low-interest undecided—based on results from the MSPI. As predicted, 'low-interest undecided' students achieved significantly lower initial medical school grades relative to 'decided' students, whereas 'high-interest undecided' students did not differ from the 'decided' students. The second study investigated the influence of career indecision upon personality. Subjects for this study were eighty-eight (sixty-six male, twenty-two female) medical students entering Texas Tech University School of Medicine over a 1-year period. These students voluntarily completed the MSPI and several personality measures as part of a pre-admission test battery. The results only partially supported the stated hypotheses. Although 'low-interest undecided' students demonstrated less personal integration compared with 'decided' students, they were no more anxious.     

城市残存鼠生态特征——Ⅰ.城市残存鼠群落特征的研究

本文报道在城市灭鼠达标后鼠密度很低的状态下,连续18个月对不同建筑物类型的住宅区,住房内的不同场所以及工厂、企业、宾馆的不同环境点的残存鼠群落结构进行了调查,用Shannon-weaner及pielou公式计算分析了城市残存鼠群落的物种多样性指数和均匀度。     

地道药材的生物地球化学特征研究进展

近来 ,地道药材形成的环境生物地球化学特征逐渐引起了广大生物地球化学者和中药学者的重视 ,旨在综述近年来地道药材的环境生物地球化学特征研究进展 ,并结合自己的研究情况 ,提出对地道药材研究的看法 ,为以后更进一步的研究提供线索     

重组人幽门螺杆菌尿素酶B亚单位的免疫学性质研究

目的 分析重组幽门螺杆菌尿素酶B亚单位的免疫学性质。方法 重组尿素酶B亚单位注射免疫BALB／c小鼠、家兔，双向琼脂扩散、ELISA、免疫印迹分析特异抗体的产生及性质。结果 重组尿素酶B亚单位能有效刺激机体的免疫应答，且产生的抗体能与天然幽门螺杆菌发生抗原抗体反应。结论 重组尿素酶B亚单位表现出天然幽门螺杆菌尿素酶B亚单位的免疫学性质，提示可作为幽门螺杆菌特异性抗体检测的包被抗原及幽门螺杆菌疫苗的有效成分。     

驾驶舱显示与照明系统人机工效的可靠性设计与分析

为探讨驾驶舱显示与照明系统人机工效的可靠性，分析讨论了液晶汉字显示认读的基本可靠度、色彩的辨认可靠度、显示仪表在不同视区认读的基本可靠度、不同显示方式仪表认读的基本可靠度以及光源的显色性，按人机工效的合理设计，其基本可靠度可取值为０．９９９５。     

大学生心理健康测查结果的研究

为研究不同性别、专业、年级和不同来源的大学生心理健康状况及其特点，更有针对性地开展大学生心理保健和心理咨询工作提供依据。采用心理健康测查表（PHI）对暨南大学的596名大学生，以班级为单位进行集体测查，利用电脑分析系统计算出每个量表的原始分和T分，将被测中Q量表原始分＞10的去除，并将每个被测者的结果输入Foxbase数据库，用SPSS／PC＋4．0软件包进行单因素方差分析、卡方检验等统计分析。结果提示：他们之中的48．0％至少有一个或以上PHI临床量表＞T60分；12．09％有一个或以上PHI临床量表＞T70分；15．37％至少有三个或以上PHI临床量表＞T60分；2．07％有三个或以上PHI临床量表＞T70分。他们的主要心理问题是：兴奋状态（HMA）、抑郁（DEP）、躯体化（SOM）、焦虑（ANX）和脱离实际（UNR）。男女大学生的心理问题类型有所不同，男生的兴奋状态和病态人格明显多于女生（P＜0．05），女生的躯体化和抑郁明显多于男生（P＜0．01）；具有多方面心理问题者以文史类学生最多，医学生次之，经济类学生最少（P＜0．01）；国内学生的心理健康状况较港、澳、台及海外侨生的心理健康状况为好；有多项心理问题者也以境外学生的比例最高，内地学生次之，广东学生最少。     

24小时个人膳食询问法在中国营养调查中的应用

利用１９９１年中国健康与营养调查中家庭膳食称重法和２４ｈ个人膳食询问法结果的准确性，通过对８省的３５６３户中１３６０６名居民进行连续３天的２４ｈ个人膳食询问和家庭称重调查结果比较表明：在用全家称重法所得的食用油和其他调味品修正２４ｈ个人膳食询问结果后，两种方法平均每标准人日热能摄入仅相差０．３１ＭＪ，相对误差只有１％，蛋白质相对误差较大为５％，脂肪为３％。协方差分析比较除掉混杂因子的影响之后的标准人均每日几种营养素的摄入量，差别最大的是家中有客人的组，脂肪摄入明显较高。本研究说明，用全家称重法调查所得食用油的消耗量，对２４ｈ个人询问结果进行修正，调整了两种方法的差异，从而得到较准确的个人膳食及营养素的摄入水平估计。     

Do perceived parental rearing patterns influence social behaviour dimensions and disease severity in schizophrenia?

In an explorative study, a clinical sample of 53 schizophrenic patients was examined. The EMBU inventory was used for measuring perceived parental rearing practices, the AfS for rating the quality of relationship to key relatives and the U-Scale for assessing social anxiety. The findings obtained were intercorrelated and compared with 3 selected parameters of disease severity: age at first hospitalization, number of treated episodes and length of hospital stay. The results suggest that the quality of contact with key relatives is determined to a larger extent by the schizophrenia than by parental rearing attitudes. Rearing behaviour more likely influences the age at first hospitalization and social anxiety, whereas considering the length of face-to-face contact, the quality of the relationships between patients and their key relatives can be assumed to be associated with the duration of hospital stays.     

家庭因素对少年儿童生理和心理影响的研究

为了研究家庭因素对少儿身心发育的影响，我们对贵阳市５３９名中小学生进行调查。结果表明，父母文化程度大专以上者，子女的情绪、意志、理想及世界观、对家长及教师的感受、智商及学习成绩均优于父母为其他文化程度者；婚姻和谐家庭的子女，家长采用＂耐心说服＂的，其子女心理指标（智商除外）、学习成绩均优于其他教育方式者子女：生活习惯良好者，其心理素质、身高、体重发育等级均高于生活习惯中等及较差者