靶向联合化疗与常规化疗治疗表皮生长因子受体基因突变肺腺癌患者的临床效果

目的探讨靶向联合化疗治疗表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变晚期肺腺癌患者的临床疗效及靶向联合化疗对EGFR基因不同突变位点患者的疗效差别。方法选择安徽省胸科医院2016年1～12月收治确诊的64例EGFR基因检测阳性的Ⅲb/Ⅳ期肺腺癌患者,使用随机数字表方法分为靶向联合化疗组(33例)与常规化疗组(31例),同时对靶向联合化疗组患者按照其基因突变位点不同分为3个亚组(19外显子突变组、21外显子突变组、20外显子突变组)。靶向联合化疗组患者采用EGFR受体酪氨酸抑制剂靶向治疗联合培美曲塞+卡铂/顺铂治疗,常规化疗组患者采用培美曲塞+卡铂/顺铂治疗。比较两治疗组患者的近期及远期疗效,并对靶向联合化疗组不同位点远期疗效进行数据分析。结果靶向联合化疗组的中位无进展生存期高于常规化疗组,两组差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05),两组患者总体疗效和不良反应总发生率相似,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。靶向联合化疗组中,不同外显子突变的肺腺癌患者之间靶向联合化疗的生存期相似,差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。结论 EGFR基因突变晚期肺腺癌患者接受靶向联合化疗能延长无进展生存时间,且不良反应未见增加。不同位点基因突变患者接受靶向联合化疗的临床效果无明显差别。     

针对性护理干预对非小细胞肺癌胸腔镜手术患者中的应用研究

目的?探讨对非小细胞肺癌胸腔镜手术患者给予针对性护理干预后获得的临床效果。?方法?选择我院2015年7月～2018年3月收治的94例非小细胞肺癌患者作为研究对象;抽签法分组后明确胸腔镜手术期间各组护理方式,对照组47例给予传统护理,观察组47例给予传统护理+针对性护理;比较两组手术护理结果。结果 观察组 FEV1、FVC 以及 FEV1/FVC 分别为（1.73±0.45）L、（65.59±13.53）L 和（61.06±13.42）%,对照组分别为（1.36±0.29）L、（54.13±12.43）L 和（51.39±12.29）%,观察组患者肺功能指标明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组的并发症发生率为2.13%,明显低于对照组的25.53%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组社会功能、心理功能、躯体功能以及生活状态评分分别为（31.55±0.61）分、（35.55±4.59）分、（47.61±1.53）分以及（19.59±0.76）分,对照组分别为（28.89±0.06）分、（25.69±4.06）分、（40.31±1.29）分以及（15.43±1.51）分,观察组生活质量各项评分均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。?结论?临床对非小细胞肺癌患者在实施胸腔镜手术期间,针对性护理干预措施的采用,在肺功能改善、并发症减少以及生活质量提升方面,效果确切,可对患者预后能力提升以及病情快速好转奠定基础,充分表明针对性护理应用的可行性。     

瘢痕疙瘩TNF受体Ⅱ基因1573位点突变的研究

目的 探讨瘢痕疙瘩患者TNF受体Ⅱ(TNF receptor Ⅱ,TNFR-Ⅱ)基因1573位点突变的情况. 方法收集22例自愿捐献的经临床及病理确诊的瘢痕疙瘩标本,其中男6例,女16例;年龄18～53岁.设患者自身外周静脉血标本为正常对照.提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增TNFR-Ⅱ基因1573位点片段,DNA测序,将测序结果 与GeneBank比较.结果 实验提取DNA浓度均＞0.5 μg/μL,纯度(A260/A280)均＞1.5,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,与所设计DNA片段大小相近,符合实验要求.13例瘢痕疙瘩标本检测示不同程度突变,突变率为59.1%;9例1663编码子发生点突变,,占总数的40.9%.与外周静脉血比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).突变类型主要为点突变、插入、缺失,为多位点、多类型,呈多态性. 结论 TNFR-Ⅱ基因1573位点突变与瘢痕疙瘩的发生有关.     

铁碳复合磁性载体体内特征的研究

目的 通过吸附阿霉素的纳米铁碳复合磁性载体经猪肝动脉插管介入,观察靶区肝组织、非靶区肝组织及血清中阿霉素的药代动力学变化.方法 将香猪20头随机分为5组,分别经肝左动脉内注入阿霉素水溶液、外加磁场的高中低剂量载药铁碳复合磁性载体及不加用磁场的高剂量载药铁碳复合磁性载体,在不同时间点分别取靶区肝组织、非靶区肝组织及静脉血,质谱法测定阿霉素浓度.结果 外加磁场载药铁碳复合磁性载体组靶区肝组织内阿霉索浓度明显高于非靶区肝组织内阿霉素浓度,最高达101.4倍;也高于阿霉素水溶液组及未加用磁场组,最高达23.8倍及28.3倍.在不同剂量磁靶向治疗组中靶区肝组织内阿霉素浓度呈剂量依赖性增高,持续时间延长.结论 载药铁碳复合磁性载体在外加磁场引导下易聚集于靶区,在局部释放药物,对周围组织器官影响较小.     

Role of ErbB4 in Breast Cancer

Members of the ErbB subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases are important regulators of normal mammary gland physiology, and aberrations in their signaling have been associated with breast tumorigenesis. Therapeutics targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR = ErbB1) or ErbB2 in breast cancer have been approved for clinical use. In contrast, relatively little is known about the biological significance of ErbB4 signaling in breast cancer. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding about the role of ErbB4 in breast carcinogenesis, as well as in the potential clinical relevance of ErbB4 in breast cancer prognostics and therapy.     

Sequencing of hormonal therapy in breast cancer

Hormonal therapy plays an integral role in the management of the majority of women with breast cancer who can be considered to have hormone-dependent breast cancer because of the presence of the molecular predictive markers, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Numerous hormonal agents are available from multiple classes of drugs, including selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, progestins, androgens, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues. Multiple clinical trials involving these agents have been conducted which permit an evidence-based approach to the development of a sequencing strategy for treatment of women with breast cancer.     

Two-stage Study of Familial Prostate Cancer by Whole-exome Sequencing and Custom Capture Identifies 10 Novel Genes Associated with the Risk of Prostate Cancer

BackgroundFamily history of prostate cancer (PCa) is a well-known risk factor, and both common and rare genetic variants are associated with the disease.ObjectiveTo detect new genetic variants associated with PCa, capitalizing on the role of family history and more aggressive PCa.Design, setting, and participantsA two-stage design was used. In stage one, whole-exome sequencing was used to identify potential risk alleles among affected men with a strong family history of disease or with more aggressive disease (491 cases and 429 controls). Aggressive disease was based on a sum of scores for Gleason score, node status, metastasis, tumor stage, prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis, systemic recurrence, and time to PCa death. Genes identified in stage one were screened in stage two using a custom-capture design in an independent set of 2917 cases and 1899 controls.Outcome measurements and statistical analysisFrequencies of genetic variants (singly or jointly in a gene) were compared between cases and controls.Results and limitationsEleven genes previously reported to be associated with PCa were detected (ATM, BRCA2, HOXB13, FAM111A, EMSY, HNF1B, KLK3, MSMB, PCAT1, PRSS3, and TERT), as well as an additional 10 novel genes (PABPC1, QK1, FAM114A1, MUC6, MYCBP2, RAPGEF4, RNASEH2B, ULK4, XPO7, and THAP3). Of these 10 novel genes, all but PABPC1 and ULK4 were primarily associated with the risk of aggressive PCa.ConclusionsOur approach demonstrates the advantage of gene sequencing in the search for genetic variants associated with PCa and the benefits of sampling patients with a strong family history of disease or an aggressive form of disease.Patient summaryMultiple genes are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) among men with a strong family history of this disease or among men with an aggressive form of PCa.     

非小细胞肺癌细胞A549顺铂耐药潜在机制的全转录组测序分析

目的 通过全转录组测序分析比较野生型A549细胞和顺铂耐药A549细胞(A549/DPP)表达谱的差别,揭示非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)顺铂耐药潜在机制.方法 首先建立A549/DDP细胞系,对A549和A549/DDP进行全转录组测序,分别对lncRNA-seq,circRNA-seq和miRNA-seq数据进行差异表...     

俄歇电子发射核素靶向治疗中细胞平均吸收剂量的计算

目的 给出一种新的方法,计算俄歇电子发射核素在细胞中均匀分布和非均匀分布时细胞和细胞核的平均吸收剂量以吸引剂量在细胞内的分布。方法 俄歇电子单位路径的能量损失用多项式拟合,用解析方法给出点源在细胞或细胞核内的能量沉积,从而得到不同源－靶组合的S值。放射性核素在细胞中径向线性分布和指数分布,分别计算了细胞和细胞核的平均吸收剂量;以及放射源距细胞中心不同距离时对细胞吸收剂量的影响。光子对细胞或细胞核的剂量贡献忽略不计。结果 平均吸收剂量及其在细胞内的分布和细胞的大小、俄歇电子能谱、核素的空间分布密切相关。细胞核内的核素对细胞核吸收剂量的贡献远大于细胞质中的核素。结论 俄歇电子在生物组织中的射程短,单位路径的能量损失高,能产生非常高的局部能量沉积。我们给出的细胞平均吸收剂量的解析计算方法计算速度快,结果可靠。     

螺旋CT靶扫描对肺部小结节的诊断价值

目的　探讨肺部结节CT靶扫描的应用价值。材料与方法　筛选同时具有常规 10mm层厚和靶扫描的CT资料共 70例 ,诊断证实途径包括手术切除、经皮肺穿刺、痰脱落细胞学、抗炎治疗或随访 2年以上。结节大小为 0 .5～ 3 .0cm ,平均 2 .2cm。CT常规扫描采用 10mm层厚 ,靶扫描采用小FOV( 14～ 2 0cm) ,包括一侧肺和纵隔 ,层厚 2～ 5mm ,pitch =1～ 2 ,重建时重叠 40 %～ 67%。 3 6例作了三维重建 (表面遮盖显示法 ,SSD)。诊断依据可靠程度分为四等级 :明确诊断、可能性大、可能、无诊断倾向或未诊断 ,分别对常规扫描和靶扫描进行回顾性评价并对比。统计检验采用参照单位分析法和卡方检验。结果　 70例扫描中经靶扫描作出明确诊断者 3 6例 ( 5 1.4% ) ,可能性大者 2 7例 ( 3 8.6% ) ,可能者 4例 ( 5 .7% ) ;前三级诊断准确率为 95 .7% ( 67/ 70 ) ,显著高于常规扫描( 68.6% ,48/ 70 ;χ2 =8.64 ,P <0 .0 1) ;明确诊断比率为 5 1.4% ( 3 6/ 70 ) ,显著高于常规扫描 ( 8.6% ,6/ 70 ;χ2 =3 3 .77,P <0 .0 1)。靶扫描诊断可靠性明显优于常规扫描 (前者R值为 95 % ,可信区间为 0 .2 79～ 0 .417,后者为 0 .10 8～ 0 .2 46,两者无重叠 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　螺旋CT靶扫描有助于肺部结节的鉴别诊断 ,是肺部结节检查的有