Effect of increased cardiac output on liver blood flow,oxygen exchange and metabolic rate during longterm endotoxin-induced shock in pigs

1. We investigated hepatic blood flow, O₂ exchange and metabolism in porcine endotoxic shock (Control, n=8; Endotoxin, n=10) with administration of hydroxyethylstarch to maintain arterial pressure (MAP)>60 mmHg.
2. Before and 12, 18 and 24 h after starting continuous i.v. endotoxin we measured portal venous and hepatic arterial blood flow, intracapillary haemoglobin O₂ saturation (Hb-O₂%) of the liver surface and arterial, portal and hepatic venous lactate, pyruvate, glyercol and alanine concentrations. Glucose production rate was derived from the plasma isotope enrichment during infusion of [6,6-²H₂]-glucose.
3. Despite a sustained 50% increase in cardiac output endotoxin caused a progressive, significant fall in MAP. Liver blood flow significantly increased, but endotoxin affected neither hepatic O₂ delivery and uptake nor mean intracapillary Hb-O₂% and Hb-O₂% frequency distributions.
4. Endotoxin nearly doubled endogenous glucose production rate while hepatic lactate, alanine and glycerol uptake rates progressively decreased significantly. The lactate uptake rate even became negative (P<0.05 vs Control). Endotoxin caused portal and hepatic venous pH to fall significantly concomitant with significantly increased arterial, portal and hepatic venous lactate/pyruvate ratios.
5. During endotoxic shock increased cardiac output achieved by colloid infusion maintained elevated liver blood flow and thereby macro- and microcirculatory O₂ supply. Glucose production rate nearly doubled with complete dissociation of hepatic uptake of glucogenic precursors and glucose release. Despite well-preserved capillary oxygenation increased lactate/pyruvate ratios reflecting impaired cytosolic redox state suggested deranged liver energy balance, possibly due to the O₂ requirements of gluconeogenesis.

     

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for CD40 ligand deficiency: Results from an EBMT/ESID-IEWP-SCETIDE-PIDTC study

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Central AT1 and AT2 receptors mediate chronic intracerebroventricular angiotensin II‐induced drinking in rats fed high sodium chloride diet from weaning

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) angiotensin (AIl) administration stimulates central AII receptors to induce water consumption in rats. The aim of this study was to determine the role of brain AT₁ and AT₂ receptors in mediating chronic ICV AII‐induced drinking in rats raised on normal or high sodium chloride diets from weaning. Rats were weaned at 21 days of age and placed on normal or high sodium chloride diet for 10–12 weeks. At adulthood, the animals were instrumented with brain lateral ventricular cannulas and femoral arterial catheters. Low dose chronic central AII infusion (20 ng min^?1) significantly (P < 0.05) increased water intake in both groups of rats when compared with their respective controls of 24 h artificial cerebrospinal fluid infusions. In a separate group of high sodium fed rats, coinfusion of AII with the AT₁ receptor antagonist, losartan (0.25 μg min^?1) or the AT₂ receptor blocker, PD 123319 (0.50 μg min^?1) blocked chronic ICV AII‐induced drinking. Upon reinfusion of AII water intake increased above control. Following the cessation of AII infusions, water intake returned to values not significantly different from control (P > 0.05). In contrast, in the normal sodium fed rats losartan, but not PD 123319, blocked the AII‐mediated water intake. The data demonstrate that in high sodium chloride fed rats AII stimulates both central AT₁ and AT₂ receptors to induce drinking, while in the normal sodium chloride fed rats the peptide activates the drinking response primarily by stimulation of central AT₁ receptors.     

Effects of continuous intramesenteric infusion of glucose and amino acids on food intake in rats.

Prolonged infusions of various fluids at a rate of 21 ml/23.5 hr through the mesenteric vein and the vena were performed on rats and effects on ad lib food intake were determined. Results indicate that continuous intramesenteric infusion of 5–10% glucose solutions or a 5% Aminofusin L solution suppresses food intake. No effects were observed when solutions were infused via the caval vein. A 10% solution of 3-O-methyl-d-glucose did not affect food intake when introduced by either route. These data support directly the presence of glucose and amino acid receptive mechanisms in the portohepatic system involved in the control of food intake.     

程控硬膜外脉冲式注射或连续硬膜外输注复合硬膜外自控镇痛用于分娩镇痛的比较

目的评价不同间隔时间行程控硬膜外脉冲式注射(programmed intermittent epidural bolus,PIEB)或连续硬膜外输注(continuous infusion epiduaral,CEI)复合PCEA用于分娩镇痛的效果。方法选择有分娩镇痛要求的足月初产妇186例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用数字表法随机分为三组,每组62例。三组均使用首次剂量(0.125%罗哌卡因+0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼)10 ml,镇痛泵均使用(0.08%罗哌卡因+0.4μg/ml舒芬太尼)100ml。PIEB1组(P1组):5ml/30min,首次剂量注入30min后开始脉冲给药;PIEB2组(P2组):10 ml/60 min,首次剂量注入60 min后开始脉冲给药;CEI组(C组):10ml/h,首次剂量注入后立即开始持续给予背景剂量。三组均设置PCA量5ml,锁定时间30min。记录镇痛期间宫缩疼痛VAS评分、运动阻滞程度Bromage评分、VAS评分3分的例数和(MBS)评分1分的例数;记录最高感觉阻滞平面、镇痛药物用药总量、催产素使用量、PCEA按压次数,第一次追加药物时间、产程时间、分娩方式和产间发热的例数;记录不良反应的发生情况。结果三组在分娩镇痛开始后VAS评分均明显低于镇痛前,P2组VAS3分的比率明显低于P1组和C组(P0.05)。镇痛期间,P1组最高感觉阻滞平面明显高于P2组和C组,P2组单侧阻滞发生率明显低于C组(P0.05)。P2组镇痛药物用药总量、PCEA按压次数明显少于,第一次追加药物时间明显长于P1组和C组(P0.05)。P1组与P2组器械助产与产间发热的例数明显少于C组(P0.05)。结论在分娩镇痛中给予首次剂量后,间隔60min行PIEB模式注射技术,是一种更有效的给药方法。     

门静脉灌注80%乙醇建立猪肝硬化门静脉高压模型

目的探讨门静脉灌注80%乙醇建立猪肝硬化门静脉高压动物模型的可行性。方法选取健康贵州小型香猪13只,随机分为3组:实验1组(5只)、2组(5只)及对照组(3只),实验1、2组门静脉分别灌注80%乙醇5ml及10ml,对照组灌注生理盐水10ml,对所有实验猪于灌注前、灌注后即刻、灌注后6周行直接门静脉造影测量门静脉压力及直径;灌注前及灌注后6h内、术后1~6周行肝组织活检;灌注前及灌注后6周分别行增强CT;灌注后6周解剖所有实验猪,对肝脏各叶标本进行组织学检查。结果实验1组及对照组实验猪灌注前、后门静脉直径及压力的差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。实验2组灌注后即刻、灌注后6周与灌注前比较,门静脉直径及压力的差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。实验1、2组灌注后所有实验猪均形成肝纤维化,灌注后6周实验1组2只、实验2组5只纤维化METAVIR评分达4级。结论经门静脉灌注80%乙醇更适宜构建肝硬化门静脉高压动物模型。     

阿片类药物对老年患者经尿道激光碎石术苏醒质量的影响

目的 观察阿片类药物对老年患者经尿道激光碎石术苏醒质量的影响. 方法 择期经尿道激光碎石手术患者134例,年龄65～79岁,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为3组:瑞芬太尼组(R组)46例、瑞芬太尼+芬太尼组(RF组)44例、芬太尼组(F组)44例.R组,采用丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼靶控输注(target-controlled infusion,TCI)进行麻醉诱导和麻醉维持;RF组,丙泊酚TCI麻醉诱导,静脉注射芬太尼2μg/kg,丙泊酚+瑞芬太尼TCI麻醉维持;F组,丙泊酚TCI麻醉诱导,芬太尼4 μg/kg,丙泊酚TCI麻醉维持.手术结束后送入PACU,记录患者被转入PACU时(T1)、拔除喉罩前2 min (T2)、拔除喉罩即刻(T3)和拔除喉罩后5 min(Td)4个时间点的MAP、HR,记录拔除喉罩后VAS评分和苏醒期芬太尼用量,记录患者睁眼时间、拔除喉罩时间和PACU驻留时间. 结果 麻醉苏醒期间R组在T1～T3时点MAP[(110±18)、(122±13)、(121±14) mmHg(1 mmHg=0A33 kPa)]和HR[(79±15)、(97±17)、(99±18)次/min]高于RF组(P＜0.05);R组VAS[(1.8±1.4)分]高于RF组[(0.9±0.9)分]和F组[(0.9±0.9)分](P＜0.05);R组需芬太尼镇痛患者比例高于其他两组(P＜0.05);F组的睁眼时间、拔喉罩时间以及PACU驻留时间比RF组和R组长(P＜0.05). 结论 老年患者经尿道激光碎石术应用丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼+芬太尼全凭静脉麻醉比丙泊酚单纯复合瑞芬太尼或芬太尼苏醒期间血流动力学平稳、苏醒迅速、术后镇痛效果好.     

胃癌手术患者的肠内营养输注方案研究

目的:探究适合用于胃癌手术患者的肠内营养输注方案.方法:选取2014年3月~2016年3月于本院确诊为胃癌并接受手术治疗的86例患者为研究对象.按照随机数表法将全部患者分为观察组与对照组,其中,观察组患者43例,对照组患者43例.观察组患者行持续性肠内营养输注方案,对照组患者行周期性肠内营养输注方案,输注时间为1周.治疗结束后收集两组患者术后临床基本情况、机体免疫指标、营养指标相关情况进行比较分析.结果:在临床状况方面,观察组患者43例患者全部耐受,对照组41例患者耐受;观察组患者达全肠内营养输注时间、脱管时长分别为3.4±1.3d、5.6±0.8d,对照组患者为4.7±1.1d、7.3±2.4d;观察组患者耐受例数明显多于对照组,差异明显,具有统计学意义.观察组患者达全肠内营养输注时间、脱管时长均明显短于对照组,差异明显,具有统计学意义.在机体营养方面,观察组患者术后7d时PA水平为311.3±26.8(mg/L),对照组患者为297.8±29.6(mg/L);观察组患者术后7d时PA水平明显高于对照组,差异明显,具有统计学意义.结论:与周期性肠内营养输注方案相比,持续性肠内输注方案能够有效改善患者术后临床状况,增强患者机体营养的供给,更适合用于胃癌手术患者的肠内营养输注.