加速康复外科在肾移植术后静脉补液中的应用

目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在肾移植术后静脉补液中的应用。 方法回顾性分析陆军军医大学第一附属医院124例肾移植受者临床资料。根据肾移植术后多尿期每24小时静脉补液量分为3组，A组每24小时静脉补液量2 500～<4 000 mL，术后6 h进食流质；B组每24小时补液量4 000～6 000 mL，肛门排气后进食；C组每24小时补液量>6 000 mL，肛门排气后进食。采用单因素方差分析比较3组受者术后1周中心静脉压(CVP)、心率、血压、尿量和血糖以及平均特护时间、平均住院日和术后1个月血清肌酐。采用χ²检验比较3组受者性别、供肾类型以及术后高血糖、伤口延迟愈合和移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)发生率。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果A、B和C组受者术后1个月血清肌酐分别为(110±23)、(114±22)和(118±22)μmol/L，差异无统计学意义(F＝1.19，P>0.05)。A组受者术后1周CVP、收缩压、尿量和血糖均低于B、C组(P均<0.05)，平均特护时间和平均住院日均短于B、C组(P均<0.05)。3组受者术后高血糖和DGF发生率差异均无统计学意义(χ²＝4.581和0.404，P均>0.05)，A组受者伤口愈合延迟发生率低于C组(χ²＝7.303，P<0.017)。仅C组1例受者因心力衰竭和肺水肿死亡。 结论ERAS适用于肾移植受者术后静脉补液策略，鼓励受者尽早饮水进食，在保证血压正常或偏高的情况下，适当减少静脉补液量，有利于减少并发症，促进受者恢复。     

Should we start integrating genetic data in decision-making on device-aided therapies in Parkinson disease? A point of view

Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. Association studies have revealed numerous genetic risk loci and variants, and about 5–10% suffer from a monogenic form. Because the presentation and course of PD is unique to each patient, personalized symptomatic treatment should ideally be offered to treat the most disabling motor and non-motor symptoms. Indeed, clinical milestones and treatment complications that appear during disease progression are influenced by the genetic imprint. With recent advances in PD, more patients live longer to become eligible for device-aided therapies, such as apomorphine continuous subcutaneous infusion, levodopa duodenal gel infusion, and deep brain stimulation surgery, each with its own inclusion and exclusion criteria, advantages and disadvantages. Because genetic variants influence the expression of particular clinical profiles, factors for better or worse outcomes for device-aided therapies may then be proactively identified. For example, mutations in PRKN, LRRK2 and GBA express phenotypes that favor suitability for different device therapies, although with marked differences in the therapeutic window; whereas multiplications of SNCA express phenotypes that make them less desirable for device therapies.     

Severe cytokine release syndrome after the first dose of Brentuximab Vedotin in a patient with relapsed systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL): a case report and review of literature

Brentuximab Vedotin is an antibody – drug conjugate targeting CD30. We report a case of severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS) after administration of the first dose of Brentuximab Vedotin in a 64‐yr‐old patient with relapsed systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL). To our knowledge, this is the first case of CRS to Brentuximab Vedotin described in the literature. However, CRS to Brentuximab Vedotin might be underestimated, as the drug has not been tested in large phase III trials yet.     

输注设备准确性自动测试系统的设计与研究

根据国家标准GB9706.27-2005中的规定,使用天平对注射泵和输液泵工作数据的准确性进行测试。采用称重法测量输注设备的准确性,通过对数据的获取与处理,生成喇叭曲线,计算百分比误差A和B。目前,国内外尚没有自动化程度较高的产品,本研究拟利用一台PC电脑和多串口卡,使用Python编程开发工具,可同时对多台天平进行实时的数据获取、存储、显示、处理及结果判定,最后一键打印原始记录,实现闭环式检测过程。     

Long-term safety and efficacy of apomorphine infusion in Parkinson's disease patients with persistent motor fluctuations: Results of the open-label phase of the TOLEDO study

IntroductionThe randomized, double-blind phase (DBP) of the TOLEDO study confirmed the efficacy of apomorphine infusion (APO) in reducing OFF time in PD patients with persistent motor fluctuations despite optimized oral/transdermal therapy. Here we report safety and efficacy results including the 52-week open-label phase (OLP).MethodsAll patients completing the 12-week DBP (including those switching early to open-label treatment) were offered OLP entry. The primary objective was the evaluation of long-term safety of APO.ResultsEighty-four patients entered the OLP (40 previously on APO, 44 on placebo) and 59 patients (70.2%) completed the study. The safety profile of APO was consistent with experience from extensive clinical use. Common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate infusion site nodules, somnolence and nausea. Fourteen (16.7%) patients discontinued the OLP due to AEs, those involving >1 patient were infusion site reactions (n = 4) and fatigue (n = 2); hemolytic anemia occurred in one case. Reduction in daily OFF time and improvement in ON time without troublesome dyskinesia were sustained for up to 64 weeks. Pooled data for week 64 (n = 55) showed a mean (SD) change from DBP baseline in daily OFF time of −3.66 (2.72) hours and in ON time without troublesome dyskinesia of 3.31 (3.12) hours. Mean (±SD) daily levodopa-equivalent dose decreased from DBP baseline to week 64 by 543 mg (±674) and levodopa dose by 273 mg (±515).ConclusionsThe safety and efficacy of APO infusion were demonstrated with long-term use for persistent motor fluctuations, allowing substantial reductions in oral PD medication.     

一种新型低温静脉输液装置对中枢性高热患者的降温效果及安全性研究

背景　物理降温方法是中枢性高热患者的主要降温方法，目前临床上常用的物理降温方法效果报道不一，且存在较明显的并发症。目的　探讨一种新型低温静脉输液装置（国家实用新型专利，专利号：ZL 2014 2 0070586.4）对中枢性高热患者进行物理降温治疗的效果及安全性。方法　选取2015-2019年佛山市中医院重症医学科收治的中枢性高热患者93例，采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组（n=29）、普通静脉降温组（n=32）和应用降温装置组（n=32）。对照组给予基础治疗及体表物理降温，普通静脉降温组在对照组的基础上予以静脉输注低温液体（由冰箱冷藏4 ℃），应用降温装置组则在对照组的基础上采用新型低温静脉输液装置输注室温液体。检测三组患者治疗前、治疗24 h及治疗48 h后的凝血功能指标：纤维蛋白原（FbgC）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶原时间（PT）及血小板计数（PLT）；观察寒战、心律失常、皮肤受损等并发症发生率；测量治疗前及治疗2、4、8、12、24、48 h的肛温；评估治疗1周后格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分；电话随访患者治疗28 d病死率。结果　治疗方法和时间对FbgC、APTT、PT及PLT不存在交互作用（P>0.05）；治疗方法和时间对FbgC、APTT、PT及PLT主效应均不显著（P>0.05）。应用降温装置组寒战发生率低于对照组和普通静脉降温组，皮肤受损发生率低于对照组（P<0.017）。治疗方法和时间对肛温存在交互作用（P<0.05）；治疗方法和时间对肛温主效应均显著（P<0.05）；其中应用降温装置组治疗2、4、8、12、24、48 h的肛温均低于对照组和普通静脉降温组（P<0.05）。治疗1周后应用降温装置组GCS评分高于对照组和普通静脉降温组（P<0.05）。三组患者治疗28 d病死率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　采用新型低温静脉输液装置对中枢性高热患者进行物理降温治疗具有快速且稳定的降温效果，且其并发症发生率低，可广泛应用于临床降温治疗。