Evaluation of stair motion contributes to new insights into hip osteoarthritis‐related motion pathomechanics

Stair motion in the presence of hip osteoarthritis (OA) has received less attention than level walking. Its more strenuous aspect may shed the light on different locomotor strategies when compared to walking. We, therefore, aimed to define stair motion features associated to hip OA and to evaluate whether these specific features would differ from level walking and better characterize the hip pathological condition. Principal component and linear discriminant analyses were, respectively, used as data reduction and classification techniques. Our study highlighted that most of stair motion features associated to hip OA were similar to the ones of walking. Stair descent presented with the lowest misclassification error rate, ranging from 12% to 19% (estimated by cross‐validation). But, features that may be considered as a mechanism to reduce demand on the hip abductors were found to be more important in the stair ascent condition. This was reflected by both, greater importance in the classification rule and variance compared with walking, that is, decreased hip internal rotation moment at mid‐stance (72.50% vs. 57.63%) and increased trunk lateroflexion toward affected side (56.43% vs. 29.37%). This study emphasized the importance of investigating stair motion in hip osteoarthritic population by highlighting specific locomotor strategies. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:187–196, 2016.     

Multi‐lineage differentiation and angiogenesis potentials of pigmented villonodular synovitis derived mesenchymal stem cells ‐ pathological implication

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign tissue proliferation characterized by its hyper‐vascularity within the lesion. The true etiology and cell source of this disease entity still remain unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in various tissues of human body. However, it has not been clarified whether MSCs could be isolated from tissue of PVNS. Here, we isolated MSCs from PVNS (PVNS‐SCs), and by comparing to the MSCs from normal synovium (Syn‐SCs) of the same individual, we investigated whether PVNS‐SCs differed in the capacity for multi‐differentiation and inducing angiogenesis. We first demonstrated that PVNS‐SCs existed in the lesion of PVNS of three individuals. Moreover, we showed PVNS‐SCs had better osteogenic differentiation potential than Syn‐SCs, whereas Syn‐SCs had better capacity for adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. By genome–wide analysis of gene expression profile using a complementary DNA microarray and comparing to Syn‐SCs, we identified in PVNS‐SCs a distinct gene expression profile characterized by up‐regulation of genes involved in angiogenesis. In vitro and in vivo studies further confirmed that PVNS‐SCs had better capacities for promoting angiogenesis. In summary, the identification of PVNS‐SCs in PVNS tissue and their distinct angiogenic potential may help elucidate the underlying etiology of this disease. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:395–403, 2016.     

Stability analysis and observer design for discrete‐time systems with interval time‐varying delay

The problem of observer design for a class of nonlinear discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delay is considered. A new approach of nonlinear observer design is proposed for the class of systems. By using Lyapunov's stability theory and Schur complement lemma, the novel sufficient conditions that guarantee the observer error converge asymptotically to zero are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The computing method for observer gain matrix is given. Finally, simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Consequences of bilateral cryptorchidism in adults

Bilateral cryptorchidism treatment results are often shadowed by the majority of unilateral cases. We report the long‐term follow‐up results of boys treated for bilateral cryptorchidism during childhood. Patients treated in two main paediatric surgery centres were selected from medical registries and invited for a clinical examination including scrotal ultrasound, salivary testosterone measurement and a semen sample. Thirty‐six men (38.3%) replied to the written invitation, and 21 agreed to be examined. The mean age at orchidopexy was 74 months (range 24–138). Sperm count was 0.42 × 10⁶ (SD ± 0.64 × 10⁶) ml^?1. The correlation between total testicular volume and total sperm count was statistically significant (r = 0.481; P = 0.032). These results show that surgical treatment of bilateral cryptorchidism after the age of 2 years does not prevent infertility. Sperm count and endocrine evaluation advocated after the treatment of bilateral cryptorchidism in all adult patients.     

Efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on primary premature ejaculation in men receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors therapy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors ( PDE5‐Is ) may have an additive therapeutic effect. A literature review was performed to identify all published randomised controlled trials (RCT) that used SSRIs combined with PDE5‐Is therapy for the treatment of primary PE. The search included the following databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The reference lists of the retrieved studies were also investigated. Five publications involving a total of 419 patients were used in the analysis, including 5 RCTs that compared PDE5‐Is plus SSRIs with SSRIs treating primary PE. Primary efficacy endpoints: IELT (the standardised mean difference (SMD) = 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00 to 1.14, P < 0.00001) indicated that utilisation of PDE5‐Is and SSRIs was more effective than the SSRIs alone for a long time in patients with primary PE. Safety assessments included headache (odds ratio (OR) = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.63 to 6.11, P = 0.0006), and flushing indicated that PDE5‐Is plus SSRIs were well tolerated. This meta‐analysis indicates that PDE5‐Is combined with SSRIs seem to provide significantly better ejaculatory latency time as compared with SSRIs alone in patients with primary PE.     

Increased Expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Reduces Renal Cell Apoptosis During Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Hypothermic Machine Perfusion

Hypothermic machine perfusion (MP) can reduce graft's injury after kidney transplantation; however, the mechanism has not been elucidated. In the past decade, many studies showed that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a protease which can inhibit cell apoptosis. Therefore, this study aims to explore whether ALDH2 takes part in reducing organ damage after MP. Eighteen healthy male New Zealand rabbits (12 weeks old, weight 3.0 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, MP group, and cold storage (CS) group (n = 6). The left kidney of rabbits underwent warm ischemia for 35 min through clamping the left renal pedicle and then reperfusion for 1 h. Left kidneys were preserved by MP or CS (4°C for 4 h) in vivo followed by the right nephrectomy and 24‐h reperfusion, and then the specimens and blood were collected. Finally, concentration of urine creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and 4‐HNE were tested. Renal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining, and the expression of ALDH2, cleaved‐caspase 3, bcl‐2/ bax, MAPK in renal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry or Western blot; 24 h after surgery, the concentration of Cr in MP group was 355 ± 71μmol/L, in CS group was 511 ± 44 μmol/L (P < 0.05), while the BUN was 15.02 ± 2.34 mmol/L in MP group, 22.64 ± 3.58 mmol/L in CS group (P < 0.05). The rate of apoptosis and expression of cleaved caspase‐3, p‐P38, p‐ERK, and p‐JNK in MP group was significantly lower than that in CS group (P < 0.05), while expression of ALDH2 and bcl‐2/bax in MP group was significantly higher than that in CS group (P < 0.05); expression of cleaved caspase‐3 in both MP and CS group significantly increased as compared with that in normal group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increased expression of ALDH2 can reduce the renal cell apoptosis through inhibiting MAPK pathway during ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) after hypothermic MP.     

老年人股骨颈骨折股骨头置换术中短柄假体的有限元分析

目的针对老年人股骨颈骨折后假体置换术,使用有限元分析的方法对股骨短柄假体与常规股骨假体的生物力学特性进行对比。方法利用薄层CT资料建立股骨三维有限元模型,利用我院股骨中空多孔股骨假体相关参数建立两种髋关节股骨假体三维有限元模型;应用Ansys 5.7有限元分析软件考察两种假体植入后的应力分布,并进行比较。结果短柄假体所受最大mises应力较常规股骨假体明显减小;力学传导模式仍为远端应力集中,最大mises应力仍出现在张力侧。结论老年人股骨颈骨折关节置换术中短柄假体力学特性优越。     

DEK基因RNAi慢病毒表达载体的构建及其功能鉴定

目的：构建DEK基因的RNA干扰（ RNAi）慢病毒表达载体,并对其生物学功能进行初步检测。方法采用RNAi技术,根据DEK基因的序列,确定其有效靶序列,合成DEK基因的Oligo DNA,退火形成双链DNA,将其克隆到经BamHⅠ与EcoRⅠ酶切后的小干扰RNA（ siRNA）表达载体PSIH-H1上,产生PSIH-H1-DEK慢病毒载体,筛选阳性克隆并测序鉴定。与3个包装质粒共转染293T细胞,包装成慢病毒后感染乳腺癌细胞ZR75-1,经嘌呤霉素（ puromycin,puro）筛选2周后,收集部分细胞利用实时聚合酶链反应（ real time-PCR,RT-PCR）和Western印迹分别检验DEK在信使RNA （ mRNA ）和蛋白水平的敲低效果,并通过细胞生长实验检测DEK对人乳腺癌细胞系ZR75-1细胞生长的影响。结果 PCR和DNA测序结果证实,DEK siRNA慢病毒表达载体PSIH-H1-DEK构建成功。 RT-PCR和Western印迹结果显示,构建的DEK siRNA可有效抑制DEK基因的表达,并由此建立了敲低DEK的稳定克隆。生长曲线实验表明, DEK siRNA可抑制人乳腺癌细胞系ZR75-1细胞的生长。结论成功构建了DEK基因的RNAi慢病毒表达载体,感染人乳腺癌细胞系ZR75-1细胞后,有效沉默了ZR75-1细胞中的DEK基因的表达,为进一步研究DEK基因在乳腺癌中的作用奠定基础。     

新疆辣椒粕在畜牧养殖业的应用分析及前景展望

本文主要从新疆辣椒的种植和产量情况,新疆辣椒粕的生产来源、营养价值、主要生产厂家以及在畜禽养殖、新疆畜牧生产中的应用分析及前景展望等方面进行了阐述和分析,以期能为新疆畜牧业中合理利用新型饲料资源辣椒粕提供思路。