锁骨下动脉完全性闭塞的血管内治疗

目的讨论锁骨下动脉完全性闭塞介入治疗方法的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法对28例锁骨下动脉（28支）近端完全闭塞合并有椎-基底动脉供血不足和（或）上肢缺血症状患者进行回顾性分析。其中男20例,女8例;年龄为42～76岁,平均为56岁。根据DSA显示闭塞段形态,应用导丝开通、球囊扩张及支架置入的方法进行治疗。经股动脉穿刺为顺行方式,经病变的股动脉和桡动脉穿刺为逆行方式。结果通浏顷行方式开通19例,逆行开通9例。25例开通成功并置入自膨式支架,失败3例,成功率为89％（25／28）;25例患者置入支架后,症状、体征明显改善。患者双上肢收缩压差由术前〉20舢心,恢复至术后〈10mmHg;术后TCD显示,椎动脉血流均由逆向转为正向。25例成功置入支架患者中,术后随访23例,失访2例,随访时间为2～48个月,平均24个月。有2例分别于术后12个月和15个月时出现支架内再狭窄,再次予以球囊扩张术和支架置入术,取得满意疗效。结论掌握好适应证,血管内机枕眭再通及支架置入术治疗锁骨下动脉闭塞是一种安全、可行、有效的方法。     

A composed graft for subclavian artery reconstruction in case of redo surgery for aortic coarctation

We report the case of a 66-year-old woman admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for ongoing dyspnea and hemoptoe. She was operated upon in 1979 for aortic coarctation by the interposition of a 14 mm Dacron prosthesis from the left subclavian artery to descending aorta. Clinical evaluation performed over the years was normal with no signs of cardiac failure or prosthesis malfunctioning. The computed tomography scans (CT) showed a progressive increase of the descending aorta diameters and the onset of a pseudo-aneurysm of 50 mm in diameter. Patient was re-operated through a median sternotomy enlarged by a left thoracotomy and intra-operative findings revealed the pseudo-aneurysm originating from a dehiscence of the proximal suture. In order to allow a safe reconstruction of the dilated subclavian artery, a T-shaped composed graft was confectioned and then sutured to the descending aorta and the subclavian artery, respectively. Post-operative course was uneventful and three months CT scan showed a normal position of the composed graft.     

彩超对多发性大动脉炎锁骨下动脉病变的诊断价值

目的：研究多发性大动脉炎（Takayasu's arteritis,TA)锁骨下动脉病变的超声特点及彩超在该病中的诊断价值。方法：超声检查了16例TA患32支锁骨下动脉。灰阶超声观察病变分布情况，测量病变外管壁厚度。彩色血流显像及脉冲多普勒分析受累锁骨下动脉血流信号变化，观察椎动脉是否反流。结果：全部患均有锁骨下动脉受累（16／16，100％）。大部分患为双侧锁骨下动脉发病（11／16，69％）。病变处管壁常表现为长节段、弥漫性增厚。TA累及的锁骨下动脉主要出现狭窄闭塞性变化（44／47，94％），3支锁骨下动脉近段扩张（3／47，6％）。3支椎动脉血流反向，提示锁骨下动脉起始段端重度狭窄或闭塞。结论：彩超可清楚发现TA锁骨下动脉病变和判断病变程度，对TA该血管病变的诊断和随访有重要作用。     

Subclavian artery stenting: Immediate and mid term clinical follow-up results

BACKGROUND: Intravascular stents are increasingly being used to treat subclavian artery obstructive disease. This study aimed to assess the immediate and midterm clinical outcome of subclavian artery stenting. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total occlusion of the subclavian artery was seen in 7 (28%) out of the 25 consecutive patients treated for subclavican artery stenosis. Mean lesion length was 14 &#45 4.3 mm. The mean preprocedure diameter stenosis was reduced from 83.2 &#45 14.9% to 9.6 &#45 5.4% postprocedure. success was achieved in all patients. Clinical follow-up was obtained in all patients. The initial success was maintained at follow-up (mean = 12 &#45 4 months) in 24 (96%) patients. Recurrence of symptoms occurred in 1 (4%) patient who had an angiographically documented restenosis four months after the procedure. It was successfully redilated. CONCLUSION: Stenting for subclavian artery obstructive disease is safe, technically feasible and has favorable clinical outcomes. It may be considered as the therapy of choice for subclavian artery Procedural obstructive disease. (Int J Cardiovasc Intervent 2000; 3: 231-235)     

腋静脉途径起搏治疗的临床评价

目的探讨经腋静脉途径行人工心脏起搏治疗的可行性和安全性。方法选择需要心脏起搏治疗患者116例,将患者按照年龄和性别匹配后均分为腋静脉组（n=58）和锁骨下静脉组（n=58）,由同一术者完成人工心脏起搏置入操作,记录以下指标并进行比较分析,包括血管穿刺时间、血管穿刺成功率、电极操作时间、X线曝光时间和局部并发症发生率。结果经腋静脉途径和经锁骨下静脉途径的血管穿刺成功率[94.8%vs.96.6%,P〉0.05]、血管穿刺时间[（61±57）svs.（59±32）s,P〉0.05]、电极操作时间[（148±56）svs.（162±87）s,P〉0.05）]、X线曝光时间[（183±120）svs.（205±115）s,P〉0.05]及并发症均无统计学差异。结论经腋静脉途径置入起搏电极安全可行,不增加手术时间和X线曝光时间,不增加并发症发生率。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层合并迷走右锁骨下动脉的腔内治疗：附16例报告

背景与目的：迷走右锁骨下动脉（ARSA）为主动脉弓部的一种先天畸形,Stanford B型主动脉夹层（TBAD）合并ARSA是一种罕见且严重威胁患者生命的疾病。既往临床上对其处理通常采用开放手术或杂交手术。随着血管腔内技术的飞速发展,胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）已逐渐被应用与TBAD合并ARSA的治疗,并展现出其创伤小,恢复快的优势。但由于ARSA与夹层破口相对位置的不确定性,如何处理夹层破口与ARSA成为了影响其腔内治疗的主要因素,完全腔内治疗这一复杂主动脉弓部病变的安全性和有效性尚不明确。本文旨在探讨TBAD合并ARSA的腔内修复治疗方法,总结初步经验。  方法：回顾性分析2012年1月—2019年12月中南大学湘雅二医院血管外科采用TEVAR治疗的16例TBAD合并ARSA患者资料。其中男14例,女2例;平均年龄为（56.1±11.3）岁;13例患者破口位于Z3区,3例位于Z4区;左椎动脉优势14例,右椎动脉优势1例,双侧椎动脉均势1例。根据主动脉夹层破口位置与双侧锁骨下动脉开口位置、椎动脉形态制定手术方案。 结果：技术成功率100%,平均手术时间（95.2±38.9）min,无围手术期死亡。2例患者保留双侧锁骨下动脉,5例患者封堵ARSA,7例患者采用烟囱技术重建左锁骨下动脉（LSA）,1例患者采用烟囱技术重建LSA并采用潜望镜技术重建ARSA,1例患者采用开窗技术重建LSA。弓部分支动脉重建的患者,术后服用拜阿司匹林（100 mg/d）和氯吡格雷（75 mg/d）3个月。平均随访时间33.2（3~66）个月。无内漏、支架移位等;右上肢缺血2例,保守治疗后逐渐恢复;比较术前和末次随访的主动脉CTA,降主动脉最大直径从（37.1±9.6）mm降至（33.9±8.9）mm,假腔与真腔之比从1.03±0.62降至0.21±0.31。长期随访,所有烟囱支架均保持通畅,未出现弓部分支动脉缺血、锁骨下动脉窃血、脊髓缺血等症状。 结论：TEVAR辅以“烟囱”、开窗等技术治疗合并ARSA的TBAD安全可行,可以在保留LSA和（或）ARSA血流的同时良好封堵主动脉夹层破口,且创伤小、住院时间短、围手术期并发症发生率低。具体的手术方式应由夹层破口与双侧锁骨下动脉的相对位置来决定,应至少保证椎动脉优势一侧锁骨下动脉的血流供应。      

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of subclavian stenosis to improve inflow to internal mammary coronary arterial grafts

Two cases are described of patients who previously had undergone myocardial revascularization with left internal mammary arterial (LIMA) grafts, who presented with recurrent cardiac symptoms and clinical evidence of left subclavian stenosis. Arteriography revealed significant subclavian stenosis with poor or absent filling of the LIMA grafts in both cases. Following successful percutaneous transfemoral angioplasty (PTA) of the lesions, there was improved flow in both LIMA grafts, with symptomatic improvement in both patients. There has been no evidence of re-stenosis at follow-up (2 and 5 years). Although rare, a promixal subclavian stenosis should be considered as a cause of recurrent symptoms in patients with previous LIMA grafts, causing a coronary Subclavian Steal syndrome. Precutaneous transfemoral angioplasty is a safe and effective treatment that can improve inflow through the graft. Correspondence to: F. Wallis     

锁骨下静脉穿刺插管的临床应用

报告１９９７年３－８月锁骨下静脉穿刺插管５０例次的临床应用及工发症发生情况插管目的主要为监测中心静脉压和全胃肠外营养。采用锁骨下法经皮穿否则插入中心静脉导管，方法简便，首次穿刺成功率高，对病人体位无严格要求，导和固定方便，不易污染，不影响病人活动和医护操作。     

Spätergebnisse nach rekonstruktiven Maßnahmen bei supra-aortalen Verschlußprozessen

Zusammenfassung Seit 1965 wurden 602 rekonstruktive Eingriffe an der supraaortalen Strombahn vorgenommen, hierunter fielen 411 Eingriffe an der A. carotis. Die Nachuntersuchungen ergaben bei den Subclaviarekonstruktionen eine gleich hohe Durchgängigkeit bei der transthorakalen wie extrathorakalen Korrektur mit einer Rate von über 90% nach 6 Jahren. Die Letalität der Carotisrekonstruktionen betrug 1,6%. Im Zeitraum von 3 Monaten bis 13 Jahren sind 20,7%. der Patienten verstorben. Nach der Life-table leben nach 5 Jahren noch 57,6% aus der der im Stadium 1 operierten Gruppe, 73,7% aus der im Stadium II und 66% aus der im Stadium IV operierten Gruppe. Die Indikation zur Carotisrekonstruktion besteht absolut im Stadium II und auch bei uns im Stadium I der Carotisinsuffizienz.

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Late results in supraaortic reconstructions

Summary Since 1965 we have performed 602 reconstructions at the supraaortic branches, mainly at the carotid artery. Follow-up showed equally good long-term results in subclavian reconstructions by transthoracic and extrathoracic approach. The patency was 90% after 6 years. Mortality in carotid end-arterectomy was 1.6%. According to the Life Table Method the survival rate was 57.6% after 5 years in stage I, 73.7% in stage II, and 66% in stage IV.

Nach einem Vortrag gehalten auf dem 96. Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie