头项针治疗中风共济失调疗效评定及对血管内皮生长因子的影响

目的观察头项针治疗中风共济失调的临床疗效及对血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法将中风共济失调患者42例随机分为2组,治疗过程中各脱落1例。治疗组20例以头项针为手段治疗,每日1次;对照组20例用传统针刺治疗,每日1次。2组均连续针刺5日,休息2日,10次为1个疗程,2个疗程后统计疗效。并采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法(ELISA)定量测定治疗前(发病72 h内),发病第7日、第14日血清VEGF的含量的变化。结果治疗组愈显率85%,总有效率100%,对照组愈显率30%,总有效率75%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。治疗组在第7日和第14日的VEGF表达均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论头项针治疗中风共济失调疗效确切,其作用可能与VEGF的表达有关。     

A neural model of 3D shape-from-texture: multiple-scale filtering, boundary grouping, and surface filling-in

A neural model is presented of how cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 interact to convert a textured 2D image into a representation of curved 3D shape. Two basic problems are solved to achieve this: (1) Patterns of spatially discrete 2D texture elements are transformed into a spatially smooth surface representation of 3D shape. (2) Changes in the statistical properties of texture elements across space induce the perceived 3D shape of this surface representation. This is achieved in the model through multiple-scale filtering of a 2D image, followed by a cooperative-competitive grouping network that coherently binds texture elements into boundary webs at the appropriate depths using a scale-to-depth map and a subsequent depth competition stage. These boundary webs then gate filling-in of surface lightness signals in order to form a smooth 3D surface percept. The model quantitatively simulates challenging psychophysical data about perception of prolate ellipsoids [Todd, J., & Akerstrom, R. (1987). Perception of three-dimensional form from patterns of optical texture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 13(2), 242-255]. In particular, the model represents a high degree of 3D curvature for a certain class of images, all of whose texture elements have the same degree of optical compression, in accordance with percepts of human observers. Simulations of 3D percepts of an elliptical cylinder, a slanted plane, and a photo of a golf ball are also presented.     

Effects of dry needling plus exercise therapy on post-stroke spasticity and motor function: A case report

Background and purposeThe use of dry needling (DN) with other treatments may be more beneficial in managing post-stroke spasticity. We report the effects of DN plus exercise therapy (ET) on wrist flexor spasticity.Patient presentationThe patient was a 45-year-old man with an 8-year history of stroke. The outcome measures included the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS), H_max/M_max ratio, H-reflex latency, Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), and range of motion (ROM) which were assessed before (T1), after (T2), and after 3-week follow-up (T3).ConclusionThe MMAS was improved at T2 from “3” to “2”. The H_max/M_max decreased from 0.77 to 0.53 at T3. The H-reflex latency increased from 15.4 ms to 18.5 ms at T3. The wrist active and passive ROM increased ∼30° and ∼20° at T2, respectively.A 4-session DN plus ET may improve spasticity and ROM. No meaningful improvement was observed in function.     

Fetal stroke and cerebrovascular disease: Advances in understanding from lenticulostriate and venous imaging,alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic twins

Fetal stroke is an important cause of cerebral palsy but is difficult to diagnose unless imaging is undertaken in pregnancies at risk because of known maternal or fetal disorders. Fetal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging may show haemorrhage or ischaemic lesions including multicystic encephalomalacia and focal porencephaly. Serial imaging has shown the development of malformations including schizencephaly and polymicrogyra after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Recognised causes of haemorrhagic fetal stroke include alloimmune and autoimmune thrombocytopaenia, maternal and fetal clotting disorders and trauma but these are relatively rare. It is likely that a significant proportion of periventricular and intraventricular haemorrhages are of venous origin. Recent evidence highlights the importance of arterial endothelial dysfunction, rather than thrombocytopaenia, in the intraparenchymal haemorrhage of alloimmune thrombocytopaenia. In the context of placental anastomoses, monochorionic diamniotic twins are at risk of twin twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), or partial forms including Twin Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Sequence (TOPS), differences in estimated weight (selective Intrauterine growth Retardation; sIUGR), or in fetal haemoglobin (Twin Anaemia Polycythaemia Sequence; TAPS). There is a very wide range of ischaemic and haemorrhagic injury in a focal as well as a global distribution. Acute twin twin transfusion may account for intraventricular haemorrhage in recipients and periventricular leukomalacia in donors but there are additional risk factors for focal embolism and cerebrovascular disease. The recipient has circulatory overload, with effects on systemic and pulmonary circulations which probably lead to systemic and pulmonary hypertension and even right ventricular outflow tract obstruction as well as the polycythaemia which is a risk factor for thrombosis and vasculopathy. The donor is hypovolaemic and has a reticulocytosis in response to the anaemia while maternal hypertension and diabetes may influence stroke risk. Understanding of the mechanisms, including the role of vasculopathy, in well studied conditions such as alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic diamniotic twinning may lead to reduction of the burden of antenatally sustained cerebral palsy.     

针刺对脑卒中后认知功能障碍相关机制研究进展

脑卒中后认知功能障碍的干预方法多样,主要有认知功能训练、药物治疗、针刺干预等。大量临床实践已证实针刺对卒中后认知功能障碍的恢复具有一定的疗效。本研究搜集近几年关于针刺对脑血流、对神经细胞内部结构以及相关分子生物学等的影响,并从以上几方面将针刺治疗脑卒中后认知功能障碍部分作用机制做简单阐述;提出目前针刺治疗本病的问题及展望。     

Brunnstrom运动分期综合治疗脑梗死初探

目的:评估针刺结合推拿和康复治疗脑梗死神经功能、日常生活活动能力。方法:43例均采用西医对症治疗,同时进行针刺、推拿和康复治疗。结果:针刺治疗前、第20、40次针刺治疗后斯堪的纳雏亚卒中量表评分依次升高(P<0．01), Brarthel指数也依次升高(P<0．01)。结论:针刺结合推拿和康复治疗可明显改善脑梗死患者神经功能和日常生活活动能力。     

Aligned acupuncture at muscle regions plus cutaneous needle for upper limb spasticity after stroke: A multicenter randomized controlled trial

Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy of aligned acupuncture at the muscle regions plus cutaneous needle for post-stroke upper limb spasticity. Methods： By adopting a design of multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial, 488 patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 244 in each group. In addition to rehabilitation training, the treatment group received aligned acupuncture at the muscle regions plus cutaneous needle therapy and the control group received conventional Western medicine. After successive 3-week treatments, the clinical efficacy, spasticity degree of the upper limb, joint function, and neurological defect degree were evaluated in the two groups. Results： The total effective rate was 93.4% in the treatment group versus 61.5% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. The upper-limb spasticity degree, joint function, and neurological defect degree were improved significantly in both groups after intervention （P〈0.05）, and the improvements in the treatment group were more significant than those in the control group （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Aligned acupuncture at the muscle regions plus cutaneous needle therapy is effective in treating post-stroke upper limb spasticity.     

结直肠肿瘤患者术后焦虑评分同术后并发症的相关性

目的 了解结直肠肿瘤患者术后焦虑评分对术后并发症的影响.方法 前瞻性纳入2010年2月至5月四川大学华西医院胃肠外科中心结直肠外科专业组126名结直肠癌确诊患者,并根据焦虑评分分为3组,组间比较术后并发症发生率;评估分析患者术后焦虑的相关因素;探索术后焦虑评分同患者术后并发症发生率的临界评分值.结果 3组间术后并发症发生率有着明显不同(χ2＝17.904,P＜0.001),同时可能焦虑组(焦虑评分＜7～13分)术后并发症发生率低于无焦虑组(焦虑评分＜7分)(χ2＝11.027,P＝0.002)及焦虑组(焦虑评分>14)(χ2＝20.677,P＜0.001),无焦虑组及焦虑组差异无统计学意义(χ2＝1.636,P＝0.274);术后焦虑的主要危险因子有费用类型(P＝0.053),居住地(P＝0.018),内科合并症(P＝0.014),新辅助化疗(P＝0.053),DUKES分期(P＝0.009),术后普食天数(P＝0.001);而分析得术后焦虑评分的临界值为17分,术后焦虑评分>17分时患者术后并发症发病率较高(χ2＝12.538,P＝0.004).结论 结直肠癌患者术后焦虑评分同术后并发症的发生有着一定的相关性,焦虑评分高者更易发生术后并发症,但适度的焦虑患者术后并发症的发生率相对较低.     

探讨食道超声在防治房颤患者脑卒中的应用价值

目的：分析111例行食道超声和头颅CT检查的房颤患者,了解左房血栓与脑卒中的关系以及食道超声在防治房颤患者脑卒中的应用价值。方法：通过对2006年3月～2008年8月在新疆自治区人民医院心内科住院的房颤患者,行食道超声和头颅CT检查并对住院病例进行回顾性分析,了解左房血栓的发生率,以及左房血栓与脑卒中发生的关系。结果：111例房颤患者均经食道超声检查,发现左房血栓15例,占13.5%。左房血栓组与左房无血栓组在脑卒中发生率方面有统计学意义（X2=10.695P〈0.001）。结论：左房血栓与脑卒中的发生密切相关,食道超声在防治房颤患者脑卒中的方面有重要的应用价值,建议为预防房颤患者脑卒中的发生,对房颤患者行食道超声检查。