略论图书馆学科馆员建设存在的问题及改进策略

阐述学科馆员的含义及工作职能,讨论现今图书馆学科馆员建设中存在的馆员知识结构欠缺、沟通能力不足、激励机制不完善等问题,并提出相应的改进策略,包括加强培训、建立馆读之间良好的信任关系、完善激励机制等方面。     

抗菌药物使用现状及对策分析

目的分析抗菌药物使用现状,促进抗菌药物的合理使用。方法通过调查和文献回顾,分析当前抗菌药物不合理使用的现状、原因并提出合理使用的对策。结果抗菌药物不合理使用及由此导致的细菌耐药性等问题严重。结论致病菌耐药性的发生和蔓延已构成对人类健康的严重威胁,各位医师和药师应借鉴发达国家的经验,积极推进抗菌药物的合理使用。     

通江县狂犬病疫情分析

目的了解四川省通江县狂犬病流行特征及流行因素,探讨有效的预防控制（防控）对策。方法采用描述流行病学分析狂犬病疫情资料。结果通江县1984/2008-06累计报告狂犬病发病48例,病死48例。从流行趋势看,疫情经历流行期（1984-1991年）、控制期（1992-2005年）和回升期（2006-）3个阶段,流行期年均发病率为0.75/10万,以1988年发病率最高达1.26/10万;控制期无病例报告;回升期疫情呈逐年上升趋势,2007、2008-01/06病例数分别较2006年上升4倍和3倍。从三间分布看,秋季为发病高峰（45.45%）,民胜、广纳片区为历年的高发地区（47.73%）,发病年龄以15～64岁人群居多（74.99%）。从2006年以来病例个案资料分析结果看,100%病例分布在农村,以流浪犬和散养犬为传染源（分别占70%和30%）,以头、面、手等裸露部位暴露为主（70%）,Ⅲ级暴露及未处理伤口的比例较大（分别占60%和30%）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级暴露者人用狂犬疫苗全程接种率和Ⅲ级暴露者狂犬病被动免疫制剂接种率低下（分别仅达10%和16.67%）。结论通江县目前正处于狂犬病疫情回升阶段,应当进一步采取以大力开展健康教育、切实控制传染源、积极开展暴露后伤口规范化处理及免疫接种、加强疫情监测等为主的综合性防控措施。     

Strategies for antiplatelet targets and agents

Platelets play a key role in thrombosis and haemostasis, which can be either beneficial or deleterious depending on the circumstance. Antiplatelet therapy is the ‘cornerstone’ in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic deseases. Platelet activation is a complex process known as transmembrane signaling which then serves to activate the platelet via a cascade of biochemical interactions. Currently available strategies of antiplatelet therapy are generally based on the signaling pathway of platelet activation, which possess the characters that mono-agent, mono-target, and mainly irreversible inhibition. Therefore, both established and novel antiplatelet agents have their own pros and cons and such problems as resistance, drug-drug interaction, discontinuation and monitoring, etc. have been appeared. Due to the problems existing in current antiplatelet agents, future new strategies for antiplatelet targets, agent-developing and treatment might probably include three aspects: targeting the factors associated with platelet hyperactivity, developing novel antiplatelet agents with multiple targets, mild and reversible properties from natural products, and keeping healthy lifestyle and emphasizing prevention.     

Strategic aspects of young, healthy older adults', and Alzheimer patients' arithmetic performance

Forty young adults, 40 healthy older adults, and 23 probable AD patients were asked to solve simple subtraction problems (e.g., 9-3; 14-9) in a choice condition and in a no-choice condition. Participants could choose between retrieval and non-retrieval strategies on each problem in the choice condition and were required to use retrieval on all problems in the no-choice condition. Results showed that arithmetic performance and strategy use were influenced by problem, participant, and strategy characteristics. Age-related differences were found in strategy use and strategy execution. Dementia-related differences were found in strategy execution, but not in strategy selection. AD patients had poorer performance (i.e., larger response times and percent of errors) than age-related controls, with especially low accuracy under no-choice condition. The findings have implications for our understanding of aging effects in arithmetic, strategic variations in Alzheimer's patients, and sources of cognitive decline during early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).     

癌症患者的心理伦理分析与治疗对策

癌症发病率逐年上升,在部分城市恶性肿瘤已成为居民死亡的首要原因。病人得知患癌以后,由于心理活动极为复杂和精神极为痛苦,会影响手术及治疗效果,影响预后及生活质量,进而导致缩短寿命,加速死亡。因此,全面了解和掌握癌症病人的心理特点,选择恰当心理伦理支持与治疗,对提高患者的治疗效果和生活质量意义重大。     

Early Ultrasound Response and Progressive Transmural Remission After Treatment With Ustekinumab in Crohn’s Disease

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Empowering Health Workers to Build Public Trust in Vaccination: Experience from the International Pediatric Association’s Online Vaccine Trust Course, 2020–2021

BackgroundThe quality of interactions between health workers (HWs) and caregivers is key in vaccine acceptance. To optimize this, HWs need knowledge about best vaccine communication practices in person and on social media. Most pre-service curricula do not include such approaches. COVID-19 necessitated the International Pediatric Association (IPA) to shift from in-person train the trainer workshops to developing an online Vaccine Trust Course to address these gaps.MethodThe seven-module, 8-hour Vaccine Trust Course was offered online in seven languages and promoted globally. Course outcomes for participants between September 1, 2020 and September 30, 2021 were assessed using enrollment, participation, and completion data; pre-and post-training surveys of attitudes, knowledge, and practice skills; and follow-up practice surveys 3 months post course completion.ResultsOf the 4,926 participants across 137 countries who registered; 2,381 (48.3 %) started the course, with 1,217 (51.1 %) completing. The majority were 25 – 39 years (57 %), female (57 %), and in pediatrics (70 %); 31 % came from India. 62 % of completers rated course structure/design as excellent, 36 % as good. Over 80 % rated the content as the most valuable aspect. Three months post training, 61 % HWs reported increased empathy towards caregivers, confidence while counseling and increased vaccine acceptance amongst their patients. 21 % identified the course as the only factor in these positive changes.ConclusionShifting from face-to-face to online training due to the COVID-19 pandemic helped increase the global reach of HWs course engagement and uptake. Trained HWs reported increased empathy towards caregivers and confidence while counseling and increased patient vaccine acceptance.