胃前壁癌肿在双对比造影中的影像特征(附35例分析)

目的：通过分析胃前壁癌肿在双对比造影（DC）中的X线征象，提高对其影像特征的认识。方法：复查分析经术前、手术和病理证实，均做了DC的胃前壁癌肿35例。结果：悬滴、白雾状影、重叠白线及线征4个征象的出现率分别达78％、94％、66％、88％。当癌肿累及大小弯侧时，还可出现腔壁多边征。如能确定上述征象中的1、2个对诊断有重要意义。结论：胃前壁癌肿在DC中有其特征性的影像表现，注意观察并充分认识上述征象及其周围组织结构的变化，并紧密结合临床综合分析，有助于提高术前诊断的准确性。     

不同年龄段胃癌患者的临床病理特点与预后分析

目的探讨不同年龄段胃癌患者的临床病理特点与生存期的差异。方法对1994年6月至2004年3月收治的胃癌患者的临床病理资料与生存情况进行不同年龄段的对比分析。结果658例患者中,男∶女=2.2∶1。全组年龄19～89(平均57.0)岁。按不同年龄段将患者分为4组,A组:小于或等于40岁,71例(10.8%);B组:大于40岁至60岁,281例(42.7%);C组:大于60岁至70岁,205例(31.2%);D组:大于70岁,101例(15.3%)。全组根治性手术切除率为82.8%,随访率95.7%,中位生存期30.3个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为55.3%、40.2%和33.2%。A组的男女比例为1:1.1(34/37),女性所占比例明显高于其他各组(P<0.001);低分化腺癌占90.1%(64/71),明显高于其他各组(P<0.001)。肿瘤部位,各组均以胃下部癌所占比例为最多(35.9%～47.5%);临床分期A组以Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为主(74.6%),B、C组以Ⅲ期为最多(47.3%、45.4%),D组以Ⅱ期为主(43.6%)。根治性手术切除率和总住院日各组之间的比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05和P<0.001),而术后住院日、术后并发症发生率和1、3、5年生存率比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论青年人胃癌以女性和低分化腺癌所占比例较高;临床分期较晚;根治性手术切除率较低。老年胃癌患者的总住院时间较长,但老年不是手术的禁忌证。     

胃粘膜癌变过程中P1 6、CyclinD1的表达

目的：探讨Ｐ１６、ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１的表达在胃癌发生发展中的作用。方法：采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法。结果：在胃粘膜癌变过程中，Ｐ１６阳性表达率逐渐下降，其中异型增生和胃癌组Ｐ１６阳性表达率明显低于慢性浅表性胃炎组（Ｐ　＜０．０５）；ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１阳性表达率逐渐增高，其中肠化生、异型增生和胃癌组ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１阳性表达率明显高于慢性浅表性胃炎组（Ｐ　＜０．０５）。在胃癌中，Ｐ１６阳性表达率与胃癌分期和分化程度有关，ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１的阳性表达率与之无关。结论：Ｐ１６表达缺失和ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１异常表达是胃癌发生过程中一个较早的分子事件，且Ｐ１６表达缺失与胃癌进展和恶性程度有关。     

Ultraviolet Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy Diagnosis of Human Stomach Malignant Tissues

To evaluate the potential of laser-induced autofluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of premalignant lesions of human stomach, fluorescence properties of stomach tissues have been investigated in vitro and in vivo. A specially made optical fibre probe and the multichannel fluorescence collection system have been used successfully in our research. Paper received 26 June 1997; accepted in revised form 31 October 1997.     

Immunohistochemical localization and dynamics of paraquat in the stomach and esophagus of rats

Summary The dynamics of paraquat in the stomach and esophagus of rats were demonstrated using immunohistochemical techniques. The Rats were killed 3 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 days, 7 days and 10 days after intravenous administration of paraquat. In the stomach, paraquat was localized in the epithelial cells between 24h and 10 days after injection, whereas in the esophagus, paraquat was localized in epithelial cells and the lamina propria mucosa between 12 h and 10 days after administration. Although these findings were similar to those observed in the intestine of rats, no clear changes in the distribution of paraquat with time were observed; suggesting that the stomach and esophagus are important reservoirs for the redistribution of paraquat.     

胃癌c-erbB-2过度表达与预后的关系

探讨c－erbB－2过度表达与胃癌预后的关系。方法：用免疫组化ABC法对103例胃癌手术标本及151个转移淋巴结进行c－erbB－2表达检测。结果：21．4％胃癌手术标本出现阳性表达．其中进展期胃癌、乳头状腺癌、高中分化胃癌及伴淋巴与肝转移的胃癌阳性率显著增高（P＜0．05与＜0．01）；转移淋巴结表达阳性率高于胃癌原发灶（X2＝3．7．P＞0．05）。高中分化胃癌伴c－erbB－2过度表达者5年生存率显著低于阴性者（P＜0．01）。结论：c－erbB－2过度表达可作为胃癌预后估计指标之一。     

人骨骼肌醛缩酶的间接碘化标记及对肝、胃疾病的检测

本文用间接碘化蛋白质法标记提纯的人骨骼肌醛缩酶［ＡＬＤ（Ａ）］，并用自建的放射免疫分析检测肝、胃病患者血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）．结果表明，肝炎、肝硬化和十二指肠溃疡患者血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）含量均在正常范围内，而胃癌和肝癌组血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）水平显著高于正常组（ｐ分别为Ｐ＜０．０５，ｐ＜０．０１）．说明ＲＩＡ检测血清ＡＬＤ（Ａ）对于鉴别肝、胃良恶性疾患具有一定的诊断价值。ｐ＜０．０１ＡＬＤ（Ａ）的标记进行了改进，采用间接碘化法。该法分二步进行：第一步制备１２５Ｉ－ＢＨ试剂，第二步将该试剂通过酰胺键与ＡＬＤ（Ａ）的末端氨基相连，制得１２５Ｉ－ＡＬＤ（Ａ）。这种间接碘化蛋白质标记法，大大减低了蛋白质与氧化剂、还原剂和放射性碘之间的化学作用，减少了对抗原的损伤。从标记结果看，１２５Ｉ－ＢＨ对ＡＬＤ（Ａ）抗原的化学结构和免疫特性的影响不大，制得的１２５Ｉ－ＡＬＤ（Ａ）符合ＲＩＡ的要求。ＡＬＤ（Ａ）以果糖－１，６－二磷酸为主要底物，是鼠肝癌组织和人肝细胞癌中的主要ＡＬＤ同工酶，其它二种同工酶：ＡＬＤ（Ｂ）和ＡＬＤ（Ｃ）分别存在于正常肝组织和脑组织中，因此放免测定ＡＬＤ（Ａ）比测定总ＡＬＤ活力及其它二种同工酶更具临床意义。我们应用自建     

增殖细胞核抗原 siRNA 序列的设计、合成与筛选

目的：设计并筛选能有效抑制人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞、人结肠癌Caco2细胞、人胃癌SCG-7901细胞增殖的增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA) siRNA。方法:总结以往提出的siRNA 设计原则的基础上，设计4 条PCNA siRNA，体外转录合成PCNA siRNA；并作用于3 种肿瘤细胞，WST-8法检测细胞增殖活性，筛选能有效抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的siRNA序列；RT-PCR检测细胞PCNA mRNA水平；免疫细胞化学方法检测 PCNA 蛋白表达水平。结果:4 条PCNA siRNA中，有3 条序列（No.2、No.4、No.3）的siRNA能有效抑制3 种肿瘤细胞的增殖；其中No.2、No.4作用效果最优，以50 nmol/L浓度作用48 h，对3种肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制率均可达到62％以上，No.2、No.4 PCNA siRNA均能在mRNA和蛋白水平显著下调PCNA的表达。结论:PCNA siRNA能在体外有效抑制SMMC-7721细胞、Caco2细胞、SCG-7901细胞的增殖，其适宜作用浓度为50 nmol/L，适宜作用时间为48 h。     

Diurnal rhythms of leptin and ghrelin in the systemic circulation and in the gastric mucosa are related to food intake in rats

We investigated diurnal changes in leptin and ghrelin levels in the stomach and in the systemic circulation and their relation to food intake rhythms in Wistar rats housed at 22 °C with a 12-h light/dark cycle and free access to food and water. Animals were sacrificed every 3 h over a 24-h period. Leptin and ghrelin levels in serum and in the gastric mucosa were analysed by immunoassay. Leptin mRNA levels were determined in the gastric mucosa by RT-PCR and in different adipose tissue depots (epididymal, retroperitoneal and mesenteric) by Northern blot. Ghrelin mRNA levels were determined by Northern blot. Gastric and serum leptin levels displayed similar diurnal rhythms, rising during the dark phase and decreasing gradually during the light phase. Leptin expression in the different adipose tissue depots correlated positively with circulating leptin levels (P<0.05), although there were some depot-associated differences. Leptin mRNA levels in the mesenteric depot correlated positively with food intake (P<0.05). In blood, ghrelin levels rose sharply just before the onset of the dark phase and dropped suddenly just after. In the stomach, ghrelin levels were high during the fasting period of light and low during the night, and correlated inversely with food intake, gastric contents and serum leptin levels (P<0.05). Leptin and ghrelin in the stomach and in the systemic circulation thus show diurnal variations that are influenced by food intake rhythms. The results agree with a role for ghrelin as a stimulant of meal initiation.     

Three familial cases of fundic gland polyposis without polyposis coli

We report three cases of fundic gland polyposis in the stomach identified in three patients who were related. Grossly the numerous polyps covered an area limited to the body and fundus of the stomach, no polyps were found in the antrum, duodenum, colon, or rectum, and histologically, the gastric lesions consisted of numerous hamartomatous polyps, characterized by proliferation of the fundic and cystic glands. The gastric lesions were identified in families without polyposis coli. This type of fundic gland polyposis has never been documented before in the literature.