多层界面液膜的研究

经过对多层界面液膜的实验探索,获得了四相物系双层界面液膜和五相物系三层界面液膜等一系列多层界面液膜。并且提出了多层界面液膜自动形成的一般式,由此,展示了多层界面液膜的广阔领域。其中每一种多层界面液膜在应用上都将有其广泛的发展前景。     

Electronic and disposable patient-controlled analgesia systems

We have compared the performance of the Baxter disposable with the Graseby electronic patient-controlled analgesia system in 30 patients following major gynaecological surgery. Patients were allocated randomly to receive analgesia via the Baxter or Graseby device for postoperative pain relief. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to postoperative pain relief or sedation as measured by visual analogue scale. Requirements for antiemetic drugs and patient acceptability were similar. Mean (SEM) morphine demanded over 30 h was 35.7 (6.6) in the Graseby group and 35.1 (8.5) in the Baxter group.     

非线性动态系统理论在林业系统中的应用——Ⅱ.用信息熵研究林业系统中生态和经济协调关系

用K.S熵(一种信息熵)判别林业系统中生态和经济的协调关系,并提出了控制和改进现有林业系统的有效途径。     

Decreased sensitivity to experimental pain in adjustment disorder.

An altered perception of pain has been described for several psychiatric disorders. To date the influence of adjustment disorders (AD) on pain perception has not been described. Here, we investigated perception of experimentally induced pain in 15 patients suffering from AD (subtype with depressive symptoms) and controls matched for age and sex. Thresholds and tolerances were assessed for thermal and electrical pain on both sides of the body. We found an overall increase of pain thresholds and tolerances in AD patients as compared to controls, predominately on the right side of the body. Analogue findings have been reported for pain perception in major depressive disorder (MDD). Of the data obtained, only thermal pain threshold on the right arm correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms. Although the underlying pathology is elusive it is likely that the mechanisms for reduced pain sensitivity are comparable in MDD and AD.     

Alzheimer-type dementia and verbal memory performances: influence of selegiline therapy

In a double blind randomized crossover trial lasting 6 months selegiline, a selective MAO-B inhibitor, was tested against placebo for activity on verbal memory performances in Alzheimer-type dementia (DAT). Verbal memory was assessed with the Rey-Auditory-Verbal Learning Test at the start of treatment, at the time scheduled for crossover (90 days) and at the end of the trial (180 days). The results suggest that selegiline possesses significant activity on some memory parameters, which seems to depend on an improvement both in information processing abilities and in learning strategies at the moment of acquisition

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Sommario In uno studio doppio cieco cross-over, randomizzato verso placebo della durata di sei mesi, è stata analizzata l'influenza della selegilina, inibitore selettivo delle MAO-B, sulle prestazioni di memoria verbale di 22 pazienti con diagnosi clinica di demenza tipo Alzheimer (DAT). L'esame della memoria verbale è stato effettuato con il Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning test all'inizio del trattamento, dopo 90 giorni, momento previsto per il cross-over, e dopo 180 giorni, al termine della sperimentazione. I risultati suggeriscono una significativa efficacia della selegilina su alcuni parametri di memoria, che sembrano riconducibili ad un miglioramento sia delle capacità di elaborazione delle informazioni, sia delle strategie di apprendimento al momento dell'acquisizione.

     

Computerized diagnosis: implications for clinical education

The advent of the small computer as a basic clinical tool will have a significant impact on clinical practice and medical training. The application of probability theory to clinical diagnosis has led to the development of several practical diagnostic programs which run on small computers. Expert systems--interactive programs which function as 'electronic consultants'--have now been successfully developed for a number of clinical situations. Experience with two of these, INTERNIST/CADUCEUS and MYCIN, has provided insight into problems and prospects for expert systems in medicine. Less complex programs, particularly those employing clinical prediction rules, and expert system shells, seem well suited for clinical environments. Although computerized medical diagnosis holds great promise as an aid to clinicians, its success will largely be determined by the quality of the information that clinicians provide for analysis. A brief review of the status of bedside diagnosis reveals that data-gathering strategies and techniques must be better understood. In order to take full advantage of computer programs for diagnosis, basic diagnostic skills must be more heavily emphasized in clinical training.     

儿童感觉统合失调及其影响因素的调查分析

目的 研究儿童感觉统合失调与学习障碍及环境因素的关系。方法 采用感觉统合评定量表和学习障碍(PRS)筛查量表，分别对755名学龄儿童进行检测、分析。结果 感觉统合严重失调率为13．25％；感觉统合正常与失调儿童的学习障碍有统计学差异(P＜0．005)；其中在LD儿童中感觉统合失调率占63．51％；感觉统合失调与母孕期的情绪、是否足月顺产、出生后的喂养方式、居住环境、孩子1岁内有无高热、家长对孩子的态度及期待等因素有关(P＜0．05)。结论 儿童感觉统合失调与环境因素、学习障碍有一定的关系。     

中医舌象计算机识别研究的现状分析

从静态舌图像计算机识别研究的关键环节出发,对当前的研究现状进行了分析.认为在舌图像的采集方面有必要引入正交设计、图像质量评价等方法以筛选出高标准、统一、实用的图像采集条件;图像分割研究可以考虑从多角度入手,综合使用多种分割方法,取长补短,以提高分割效果;同时采用Delphi评价法、多中心的网上专家判别等手段,大样本集中专家经验,综合各家的辨舌经验,建立科学规范的舌象诊断标准;当前舌象识别研究的热点主要集中在舌的颜色领域,研究的方向有待向颜色以外的其他方面拓展,并最终由定性向定量转化,而实现舌诊内容的综合判别将是今后努力的方向.     

H∞ control of switched linear discrete‐time systems with polytopic uncertainties

In this paper, the problem of designing H_∞ state‐feedback controllers for switched linear discrete‐time systems with polytopic uncertainties is investigated. Two approaches on designing robust and parameter‐dependent H_∞ controllers are proposed and the existence conditions of the desired controllers are derived and formulated in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities. By solving the corresponding convex optimization problem, the desired controllers are obtained, respectively, and different optimal H_∞ noise‐attenuation level bounds of corresponding closed‐loop systems are given as well. The designed controllers have their own advantages and disadvantages regarding the conservatism and realization complexity. An illustrative example emerging in networked control systems (NCS) and numerical simulations are presented to show the applicability and effectiveness of the obtained theoretic results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

靶控输注异丙酚意识消失时血浆和效应室浓度的EC50与脑电双频谱指数的关系多中心大样本临床研究

目的 研究择期手术患者靶控输注（TCI）异丙酚意识消失时血浆、效应室靶浓度的50%患者意识消失时的药物浓度（EC50）与脑电双频谱指数（BIS）的关系。方法 5家医疗中心405例择期手术患者（国人）,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。靶控输注异丙酚,以血浆靶浓度1．2μg/ml为起点,到达预期血浆靶浓度后每30秒递增0．3μg/ml,直至患者意识消失。采用概率单位回归分析计算患者意识消失时异丙酚血浆靶浓度、效应室靶浓度的EC05、EC50和EC95及其所对应的BIS。结果 择期手术患者TCI异丙酚意识消失时异丙酚血浆靶浓度EC05、EC50和EC95分别是2．9μg/ml、3．8μg/ml和4．8μg/ml,效应室靶浓度EC05、EC50和EC95分别是1．3μg/ml、2．2μg/ml和3．2μg/ml,50%患者意识消失的BIS是58,5%和95%患者意识消失的BIS分别是77和40。结论 择期手术患者TCI异丙酚意识消失时血浆靶浓度和效应室靶浓度EC50及95%置信区间分别是3．8μg/ml（3．8～3．9μg/ml）和2．2μg/ml（2．2～2．3μg/ml）, 50%患者意识消失的BIS用95%置信区间是58（58～59）。