胃电刺激对大鼠胃窦肌间神经丛Cajal间质细胞超微结构的影响

背景：前期研究发现胃窦肌间神经丛Caial间质细胞（ICC-MY）数量增多参与了长时程长脉冲胃电刺激（GES）对胃慢波的调控。目的：观察不同时程长脉冲GES对大鼠胃窦ICC-MY数量和超微结构的影响,进一步探讨GES调控胃慢波的可能机制。方法：建立Wistar大鼠GES模型。将模型大鼠分为3组,GES1组和GES2组选用适宜的刺激参数控制胃慢波,对照组不予GES。GES1组仅予刺激一次;GES2组每天刺激一次,连续20 d。完成GES后处死大鼠,取胃窦组织,行透射电子显微镜观察。结果：GES1组胃窦ICC-MY数量与对照组相比未见明显变化,GES2组ICC-MY数量较GES1组和对照组明显增多。GES1组和GES2组ICC胞质内线粒体和核糖体均较对照组增多。GES1组ICC突起与周围平滑肌细胞（SMC）直接相连,GES2组ICC与周围SMC紧密相连,对照组ICC与周围SMC之间未见明显连接。结论：胃窦ICC-MY数量和超微结构改变参与了长时程长脉冲GES对胃慢波的调控。     

A Prospective,Randomized Study: Switch Off the Sacral Nerve Stimulator During the Night?

Purpose Sacral nerve stimulation is an effective treatment for fecal incontinence. Some have recommended to “switch off” the pacemaker during the night to extend the lifetime of the expensive pacemaker. This study was designed to investigate whether a nightly “switch off” affects the clinical results of sacral nerve stimulation. Methods Twenty patients successfully treated with sacral nerve stimulation (19 females; median age, 59 (range, 36–72) years) were randomized to: Group A, pacemaker continuously “on” for three weeks followed by three weeks with the pacemaker “off” during the night, or Group B, opposite order. Daily bowel-habit diary, Wexner, and St. Mark’s incontinence scores were obtained. Results One failed to return the daily bowel-habit diary, leaving 19 participating patients. Median Wexner incontinence score increased from 6 (range, 2–14) to 7 (range, 3–16) during the “off” period (P = 0.04), whereas St. Mark’s incontinence score increased from 10 (range, 3–16) to 11 (range, 3–18; P = 0.03). Median number of days with soiling per three weeks increased from 0 (range, 0–12) to 1 (range, 0–15) during the “off” period (P = 0.008). Seven of 19 had more days with soiling during the “off” period. Defecation frequency per three weeks increased from 26 (range, 11–71) to 34 (range, 9–70) during the “off” period (P = 0.19). Only four continued with a nightly “switch off” after the study. Conclusions It could be considered to recommend compliant patients to “switch off” the pacemaker during the night to extend the lifetime of the pacemaker. One-third experienced increased soiling, and they should turn the pacemaker on all day and night. Among the remaining, only a minor proportion will be motivated for turning the pacemaker off. Read at the meeting of the European Society of Coloproctology, Malta, September 26 to 29, 2007.     

Chronic sacral spinal nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence: Long-term results with foramen and cuff electrodes

PURPOSE: Sacral spinal nerve stimulation is a new therapeutic approach for patients with severe fecal incontinence owing to functional deficits of the external anal sphincter. It aims to use the morphologically intact anatomy to recruit residual function. This study evaluates the long-term results of the first patients treated with this novel approach applying two techniques of sacral spinal nerve stimulator implantation. METHODS: Six patients underwent either of two techniques for electrode placement: one closed (electrodes placed through the sacral foramen) and one open (cuff electrodes placed after sacral laminectomy). Follow-up evaluation of their continence status ranged from 5 to 66 months. RESULTS: Incontinence improved in all patients. The percentage of incontinent bowel movements decreased during chronic stimulation from a mean of 40.2 percent to 2.8 percent, and the Wexner score decreased from a mean of 17 to 2. The function of the striated anal sphincter improved during chronic stimulation: maximum squeeze pressure increased from a mean of 48.5 mmHg to 92.7 mmHg, and median squeeze pressure increased from a mean of 37.3 mmHg to 72.5 mmHg. No complications were encountered perioperatively or postoperatively. Two devices had to be removed because of intractable pain, in one patient at the site of the electrode after five months and in the other at the site of the impulse generator after 45 months. CONCLUSION: Long-term sacral spinal nerve stimulation persistently improves continence and increases striated anal sphincter function in patients with fecal incontinence owing to functional deficits, but in whom the striated anal sphincter is morphologically intact. Two different operative approaches can be applied effectively.Supported by grants from Bayerischen Chirurgen e.V., Munich, Germany; Wilhelm Sander Stiftung, Neustadt, Germany; and Bakken Research Center, Medtronic, Maastricht, the Netherlands.A preliminary report of this study was presented as a poster at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, San Antonio, Texas, May 2 to 7, 1998.     

Abdominosacral resection for primary irresectable and locally recurrent rectal cancer

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to present a technique of abdominosacral resection and its results in patients with locally advanced primary or locally recurrent rectal cancer with dorsolateral fixation. METHODS: Between 1994 and 1999, 13 patients with locally advanced primary rectal cancer and 37 patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer underwent abdominosacral resection as part of a multimodality treatment,i.e., preoperative irradiation, surgery, and intraoperative irradiation. After the abdominal phase, the patient was turned from supine to prone position to perform the transsacral phase of the resection. RESULTS: Margins were microscopically negative in 26 patients (52 percent), microscopically positive in 18 (36 percent), and positive with gross residual disease in 6 patients. Operation time ranged from 210 to 590 (median, 390) minutes, and blood loss ranged from 400 to 10,000 (median, 3,500) ml. No operative or hospital deaths occurred. Postoperative complications occurred in 41 patients (82 percent); most notable were perineal wound infections or dehiscence (n=24, 48 percent). Other complications were postoperative urinary retention or incontinence (n=9, 18 percent), peritonitis (n=4), grade II neuropathy (n=1), and fistula formation (n=3). Kaplan-Meier 3-year overall survival, disease-free survival, and local control rates were, respectively, 41 percent, 31 percent, and 61 percent. Completeness of the resection (negativevs. positive margins) was a significant factor influencing survival (P=0.04), diseasefree survival (P=0.0006), and local control (P=0.0002). CONCLUSION: The abdominosacral resection provides wide access and may be the therapeutic solution for the accomplishment of a radical resection for distally situated, dorsally or dorsolaterally fixed primary or locally recurrent rectal cancers.Presented in part at the European Society of Surgical Oncology meeting in Groningen, the Netherlands, April 5 to 8, 2000.     

Sacral Magnetic Stimulation for Pain Relief from Pudendal Neuralgia and Sciatica

INTRODUCTION: Magnetic stimulation of the sacral nerve roots is used for neurologic examination. However, no one has reported therapeutic efficacy of pain relief from pudendal neuralgia with sacral magnetic stimulation. METHODS: Five patients with pudendal neuralgia or sciatica received 30 to 50 pulsed magnetic stimuli of the sacral nerve roots. The median age of the patients was 59 (range, 28–69) years; there were 3 females. RESULTS: Sacral magnetic stimulation immediately eliminated the pain. The pain relief lasted between 30 minutes and 56 days (median, 24 hours). Adverse effects were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study indicates that magnetic stimulation of the sacral nerve roots may be a promising therapeutic modality for pain relief from pudendal neuralgia and sciatica. Further studies should be performed to determine the appropriate intensity and frequency, as well as the utility of a second course, of magnetic stimulation treatment.     

改良后路张力带钢板治疗不稳定性骶骨骨折

目的 探讨改良后路张力带钢板治疗因骶骨骨折导致的骨盆后环不稳定病人的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年6月至2018年6月我院采用改良后路张力带钢板治疗的7例因骶骨骨折导致骨盆后环不稳定病人的临床资料,其中男4例,女3例,年龄为23~63岁,Tile分型B1 1例,B2 1例,B3 1例,C1 3例,C2 1例。骶骨骨折Denis分区1区4例,2区3例。高处坠落伤3例,车祸伤4例。记录病人软组织激惹等并发症发生情况,采用Majeed评分标准评估骨盆功能。结果 病人手术时间平均为32 min,失血量平均为58 mL。所有病人均获得骨性愈合,愈合时间平均为19周。7例病人平均随访了16个月。根据Majeed评分,优6例,良1例,优良率100%。未出现软组织激惹、神经血管损伤、体表能触及钢板等并发症。结论 改良的后路张力带钢板能有效治疗因骶骨骨折导致的骨盆后环不稳定,安全有效,且软组织激惹较少。     

骶管注药结合推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症31例

以骶管注药结合推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症31例。结果：治愈12例,好转18例,1例未愈。     

腹腔镜下骶前固定术治疗盆底功能障碍性疾病18例分析

目的:分析腹腔镜下骶前固定术治疗以中盆腔缺陷为主的盆底功能障碍性疾病的临床疗效,评价骶前固定术的有效性及安全性。方法:18例盆底功能障碍患者采用腹腔镜下骶前固定术,观察术后治愈率及围手术期并发症发生情况。结果:术后治愈率达100%,均未发生术中及术后大出血、膀胱及直肠损伤;术后随访患者解剖结构均得到成功恢复,其阴道断端距离处女膜最远点较术前减小(P0.05);性生活恢复满意度与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下骶前固定术是一种安全有效的治疗以中盆腔缺陷为主的盆底功能障碍疾病的手术方式,短期疗效确切,长期疗效有待进一步观察。     

Sacropelvic resection and intraoperative electron irradiation in the management of recurrent anorectal cancer

PURPOSE: To provide local control and palliation of pain, a multimodality approach, including external beam radiation therapy, surgical resection, and intraoperative electron irradiation (IOERT), has been used for patients with locally advanced anal or recurrent rectal cancers involving the sacrum. METHODS: Sixteen consecutive patients (11 males; 5 females; ages, 44–76) underwent surgical exploration, sacrectomy, and IOERT, between 1990 and 1994. RESULTS: Proximal extent of resection was S2–3 in four patients, S3–4 in five, and S4–5 in five. Two patients had resection of the anterior table of the sacrum. Margins were clear in 11, close in 3, and microscopically involved in 2 patients. Operative times ranged from 6 to 17 (median, 12.5) hours, and blood loss ranged from 300 to 12,600 (median, 3,350) ml. No operative deaths resulted. Major postoperative complications occurred in eight patients (50 percent): posterior wound infections and dehiscence, urinary leak, and ileal fistula. Five (31 percent) and 3 (19 percent) patients developed no or minor complications, respectively. Intensive Care Unit stay was one night for all patients, and overall hospital stay ranged from 11 to 30 (median, 16.5) days. Follow-up was available on all 16 patients. Kaplan-Meier survival was 68 percent at one year and 48 percent at two years. At the time of analysis, 9 of 16 patients were alive. Of the nine alive patients who responded to a questionnaire, eight reported a reduction in pain and improved quality of life postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Sacropelvic resection, in conjunction with IOERT, provides palliation and offers potential for cure in patients with locally advanced or recurrent anorectal cancer.Supported in part by a grant from the Centro Nazionale Ricerche, (National Institute of Scientific Research), Rome, Italy and American Cancer Society Career Development Award.Read at meeting of The American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 7 to 12, 1995.