肿瘤转移相关基因的研究进展

肿瘤的分化、侵袭和转移等一系列病理过程受多种基因的调控,它们在肿瘤细胞浸润和转移机制中或被激活,或被抑制,相互协同或拮抗,最终影响肿瘤细胞的生物学特性。nm23基因抑制肿瘤转移,而CD44v、S100A4基因和TIAM1基因促进肿瘤的扩散。     

香菇和黄芪混合多糖抑制S—180肉瘤生长和增强免疫作用的研究

经口给予香菇多糖与黄芪多糖混合物，抑制动物移植性肿瘤重复实验结果一致显示，香菇多糖与黄芪多糖混合物在１５０．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ＢＷ／ｄ剂量时可以抑制Ｓ—１８０移植性肉瘤的生长；小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞作用实验显示，香菇多糖与黄芪多糖混合物在３７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ＢＷ／ｄ剂量（及以上剂量）时具有提高小鼠吞噬细胞功能的作用；小鼠脾ＮＫ细胞活性测定结果表明，香菇多糖与黄芪多糖混合物在３７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ＢＷ／ｄ剂量（及以上剂量）时具有增强ＮＫ细胞活性的作用。且上述三个实验均显示良好的剂量—反应关系     

High S100B Levels Predict Antidepressant Response in Patients With Major Depression Even When Considering Inflammatory and Metabolic Markers

BackgroundThe relationship between antidepressant response and glial, inflammatory, and metabolic markers is poorly understood in depression. This study assessed the ability of biological markers to predict antidepressant response in major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsWe included 31 MDD outpatients treated with escitalopram or sertraline for 8 consecutive weeks. The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was administered at baseline and at week 4 and 8 of treatment. Concomitantly, blood samples were collected for the determination of serum S100B, C-reactive protein (CRP), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)-C levels. Treatment response was defined as ≥50% improvement in the MADRS score from baseline to either week 4 or 8. Variables associated with treatment response were included in a linear regression model as predictors of treatment response.ResultsTwenty-seven patients (87%) completed 8 weeks of treatment; 74% and 63% were responders at week 4 and 8, respectively. High S100B and low HDL-C levels at baseline were associated with better treatment response at both time points. Low CRP levels were correlated with better response at week 4. Multivariate analysis showed that high baseline S100B levels and low baseline HDL-C levels were good predictors of treatment response at week 4 (R^2 =0.457, P = .001), while S100B was at week 8 (R² = 0.239, P = .011). Importantly, baseline S100B and HDL-C levels were not associated with depression severity and did not change over time with clinical improvement.ConclusionsSerum S100B levels appear to be a useful biomarker of antidepressant response in MDD even when considering inflammatory and metabolic markers.     

Gut Microbiota Markers and Dietary Habits Associated with Extreme Longevity in Healthy Sardinian Centenarians

This study was aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota (GM) and its functional profile in two groups of Sardinian subjects with a long healthy life expectancy, overall named Long-Lived Subjects (LLS) [17 centenarians (CENT) and 29 nonagenarians (NON)] by comparing them to 46 healthy younger controls (CTLs). In addition, the contribution of genetics and environmental factors to the GM phenotype was assessed by comparing a subgroup of seven centenarian parents (CPAR) with a paired cohort of centenarians’ offspring (COFF). The analysis was performed through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene on the MiSeq Illumina platform. The Verrucomicrobia phylum was identified as the main biomarker in CENT, together with its members Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia and Akkermansia muciniphila. In NON, the strongest associations concern Actinobacteria phylum, Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium, while in CTLs were related to the Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides and Bacteroides spp. Intestinal microbiota of CPAR and COFF did not differ significantly from each other. Significant correlations between bacterial taxa and clinical and lifestyle data, especially with Mediterranean diet adherence, were observed. We observed a harmonically balanced intestinal community structure in which the increase in taxa associated with intestinal health would limit and counteract the action of potentially pathogenic bacterial species in centenarians. The GM of long-lived individuals showed an intrinsic ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, as confirmed by functional analysis. The GM analysis of centenarians’ offspring suggest that genetics and environmental factors act synergistically as a multifactorial cause in the modulation of GM towards a phenotype similar to that of centenarians, although these findings need to be confirmed by larger study cohorts and by prospective studies.     

Morel-Lavallée损伤诊疗进展

Morel-Lavallée(MLL)损伤是由剪切力等暴力使皮肤、皮下组织与深筋膜分离而引起的复杂的软组织闭合性撕脱损伤,疾病初期具有复杂性和隐蔽性,常因延迟诊断而导致感染、截肢、多器官衰竭甚至死亡等.目前,MLL的治疗尚无统一指南,需根据损伤情况及患者意愿综合考虑.在合并开放伤、骨折、神经血管肌腱损伤时,处理的优先顺...     

力竭运动致大鼠心肌损伤及S100A4蛋白表达变化

目的观察S100A4蛋白在力竭运动损伤心肌组织中的表达变化,探讨S100A4蛋白对力竭运动损伤心肌组织的作用。方法 W istar大鼠12只,随机分为对照组和力竭运动组,大鼠进行力竭训练10d后,取血及心肌组织,用光镜和电镜对心肌进行组织学观察;采用蛋白免疫印迹(western-b lot)法和免疫组织化学法检测心肌蛋白表达。结果力竭运动组大鼠心肌组织苏木精-伊红(HE)染色可见大鼠心肌和血管内皮细胞空泡变性和心肌间质水肿等;电镜可见血管内皮细胞发生典型细胞凋亡特征;W estern-b lot结果表明,对照组心肌中S100A4蛋白弱表达,而力竭运动组S100A4蛋白表达量升高;免疫组化结果显示,与对照组比较,力竭运动组心肌中S100A4蛋白表达升高1.68倍,且在心肌和血管内皮细胞中均有表达。结论力竭运动造成大鼠心肌损伤,S100A4蛋白在损伤心肌中表达升高。     

基于“一动力三循环”管理模式的“3S”方法在临床研究生导师队伍建设中的应用

研究生教育是国家高水平教育的代表,也是医院发展的体现,在一定程度上可以看出医院的医疗、教学、科研、学术地位。研究生导师是高层次和高水平师资的主要代表,是一个医院提升自身教学实力、影响力、竞争力的关键。本文针对专科医院研究生导师队伍建设存在以下问题进行阐述：对外交流培训不足,师资队伍评价体系不科学,师资队伍结构不合理。基于“一动力三循环”管理模式,探索提出“3S”研究生导师队伍建设模式：加强对外交流与培训,建立科学的评价体系,建立结构合理的导师队伍,以优化研究生导师队伍建设为目标,打造一支业务能力专业、评价体系科学、师资结构合理的导师队伍,不断提升医院研究生导师队伍建设水平,是每个研究生培养单位的重要任务。同时概括了现阶段研究生导师队伍建设的成效和不足,并给予了反馈与意见。     

β-lipotropin contains two lipolytic sequences

The lipolytic activity of β-lipotropin (β-LPH) is commonly supposed to reside in the heptapeptide sequence, 47–53. However, β-endorphin is also lipolytically active, so a second active sequence must be postulated. In attempts to define this second sequence, porcine β-LPH, β-endorphin, 19 partial sequences of β-LPH, [Leu]enkephalin, and [D-Met², Pro⁵]-enkephalin amide have been examined for glycerol releasing activity in rabbit adipocytes. An N-terminal fragment of β-LPH lacking the 47–53 heptapeptide was inactive. The message within the C-terminal portion of β-LPH could be localized to a C-terminal sequence greater than 87–91, but probably smaller than 78–91.     

美国毕业后医学教育的评鉴与认可

毕业后医学教育是医学教育连续统一体中的重要组成部分,是目前进一步完善我国医学教育体系的关键环节之一。本文介绍了美国毕业后医学教育评鉴与认可的组织实施情况,包括最新的发展趋势,并针对我国毕业后医学教育改革与发展的情况归纳了四点值得借鉴之处。     

调营饮对小鼠S180肝癌腹水模型腹膜淋巴孔直径、面积、周长及密度的影响

目的探讨调营饮对小鼠S180肝癌腹水模型腹膜淋巴孔的影响。方法取S180细胞接种于小鼠腹腔造成肝癌腹水模型,随机分为空白对照组（NS）、模型组（M）、调营饮低剂量组（TA）、调营饮高剂量组（TB）、模型＋NO供组（NO）、调营饮高剂量组＋NOS抑制剂组（NOS）,造模后第5d用调营饮连续灌胃,观察对小鼠腹膜淋巴孔的影响。结果 TA组和TB组腹膜淋巴孔的平均周长、平均面积和平均密度均明显大于NS组和M组（P〈0.01）,NO组腹膜淋巴孔平均周长、平均面积和平均密度明显大于相对应的M组（P〈0.01）,NOS组的腹膜淋巴孔平均周长、平均面积和平均密度明显少于相对应的TB组（P〈0.01）,TA与TB组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论调营饮对小鼠S180肝癌腹水模型有明显促进腹膜淋巴孔开放面积增大、周长和分布密度增加的作用,可能是其消腹水作用机制之一。