经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死患者氨基末端脑钠尿肽原及心功能的影响

目的:研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受急诊及择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后血浆氨基末端脑钠尿肽原（NT-proBNP）水平变化及其与心功能的关系。方法: 入选2009年7月~2010年12月,发病后12 h内接受急诊PCI治疗的ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者94例,住院期间未行第2次PCI治疗者为A组（n=46）,住院期间第5~7天行第2次PCI治疗者为B组（n=48）;发病后24 h内入院的AMI患者未行再灌注治疗者为C组（n=34）;使用电化学发光测量不同时间NT-proBNP水平,同时测量心肌梗死后不同时间左室舒张末期直径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期容积(LVSDV)、左室舒张末期容积(LVEDV)及左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果: A、B两组各时间点NT-proBNP水平较C组明显下降,LVEDD、LVSDV、LVEDV、LVEF在45 d及6个月时较C组明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;同时,B组NT-proBNP水平在45 d及6个月时与A组相比进一步下降,LVEDD、LVSDV、LVEDV、LVEF测量值则进一步改善,两组差异也有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论: STEMI患者行PCI后NT-proBNP水平有显著下降趋势,且NT-proBNP水平可以作为患者心功能预测因子,后续的择期PCI治疗能进一步降低NT-proBNP及改善心功能。     

左卡尼汀对行PCI术的糖尿病患者心肌保护作用的研究

目的探讨冠心病(CHD)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前给予左卡尼汀(L-CN)对心肌损伤的保护作用。方法拟诊CHD合并T2DM并计划行冠状动脉造影的60例患者,随机分为两组,治疗组术前在标准治疗的基础上给予静脉滴注L-CN,对照组仅给予标准基础治疗。造影结果不适合行PCI治疗的病人被剔除,最终治疗组入选26例,对照组入选20例。所有患者术前及术后第24小时、1周测定心肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和高敏CRP(hs-CRP)。结果总共46例患者PCI术后24小时和1周cTnI和hs-CRP均明显上升(P<0.01);但治疗组患者在术后24小时及术后1周血浆cTnI和hs-CRP水平均较对照组为低(P<0.05,P<0.01);直线相关分析显示,PCI术后24小时两组cTnI和hs-CRP水平显著正相关(r=0.75,P<0.01)。结论合并2型糖尿病的冠心病患者PCI治疗术后炎症反应和心肌损伤较为明显,PCI术前给予左卡尼汀可显著降低手术所致的心肌损伤,PCI引起的心肌坏死很可能与其触发的炎症反应有直接关系。     

A description of multiple family workshops for carers of people with anorexia nervosa

Carers of people with eating disorders are uncertain about how best to help and express the need for information. Fifty per cent of carers (usually parents) exhibit clinically significant anxiety and/or depression. This may result from a difficulty coping with the manifestations of anorexia nervosa (AN) in the sufferer. In turn, eating disorder symptoms can be maintained by family reactions to the illness. Thus, carer's own symptoms, plus their uncertainty about how to help, impinge upon the AN sufferer, exacerbating their symptoms and behaviours. In this paper, we describe an intervention which uses cognitive behavioural therapy principles to alleviate carer's depression and anxiety and motivational interviewing to target behaviours that maintain eating disorder symptoms, for example high expressed emotion and poor communication. This is given in the form of an educational workshop for two families. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.     

Potential benefits of early continuous positive pressure ventilation in patients with rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia

Background and objective: Rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonia (RPIP), including acute exacerbations of interstitial pneumonia, is associated with high rates of mortality. The present study was performed to examine the effects of respiratory management using non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with RPIP and to assess the prognostic factors for survival. Methods: BiPAP Vision was used for NIV. Clinical data and information on NIV were retrospectively obtained from patient records. Survival at 30 days was evaluated, and biomarkers were measured after initiation of NIV. Results: Thirty‐eight patients who had been admitted with RPIP and treated by NIV were included in the study. The ratio of PaO₂ to fraction of inspired oxygen at initiation of NIV was higher in survivors than in non‐survivors (P = 0.0054). The mean duration to initiation of NIV after admission was significantly shorter in survivors than in non‐survivors (P = 0.0006). Serum Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6) and LDH levels at the start of NIV were higher in non‐survivors than in survivors (KL‐6, P = 0.022; LDH, P = 0.044). Bivariate logistic regression analysis showed that early intervention with NIV was a significant predictor of survival at 30 days. In addition, the ratio of PaO₂ to fraction of inspired oxygen and both LDH and KL‐6 levels at initiation of NIV were significant predictors of survival. Conclusions: Early intervention with NIV, mainly continuous positive pressure ventilation, is beneficial for the management of patients with RPIP. A randomized controlled study in a large population is needed to confirm the value of early NIV.     

Effects of physical exercise prescribed by a medical support team on elderly lower extremity osteoarthritis combined with metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes

Aim: The aims of the present study were to investigate the effectiveness of exercise intervention provided by a medical support team specializing in lifestyle‐related diseases in the treatment of elderly lower extremity osteoarthritis and to examine the influence of bodyweight decrease on changes in the evaluation indexes. Methods: Participants were 61 patients (57 women and 4 men, aged 68.3 ± 9.6 years) with lower extremity osteoarthritis (109 total diseased joints) and either one or more of the following diseases: obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Indexes relating to metabolic diseases, orthopedic disorders, lifestyle activity level and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) were obtained before and after exercise intervention. Results: The numbers of patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, gonarthrosis and coxarthrosis were 56, 49, 32, 56 and 9, respectively. The mean intervention period was 4.7 ± 1.6 months (2–10.8 months). Indexes relating to metabolic diseases and orthopedic disorders, activity level and HRQOL were all significantly improved after intervention (P < 0.05). Bodyweight decreased by 10.3% and showed a correlation with other evaluated items. Five explanatory variables were extracted through multiple regression analysis that bodyweight reduction rate was set as the criterion variable: changes of bodyweight, body mass index, percent body fat, glycated hemoglobin and total energy expenditure per bodyweight. Conclusion: The exercise intervention provided by our medical support team clearly improved indexes relating to metabolic diseases and orthopedic disorders. In addition, decreased bodyweight was related to improvements in metabolic factors, motor function and HRQOL. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 446–453.     

Low HDL predicts differential blood pressure effects from two weight-loss approaches: a secondary analysis of blood pressure from a randomized, clinical weight-loss trial

Examining predictors of blood-pressure (BP) response to weight-loss diets might provide insight into mechanisms and help guide clinical care. We examined whether certain baseline patient characteristics (e.g. diet, medical history and laboratory tests) predicted BP response to two weight-loss diet approaches that differ in macronutrient content. One hundred and forty-six overweight adult outpatients were randomized to either a low-carbohydrate diet (N = 72) or orlistat plus a low-fat diet (N = 74) for 48 weeks. Predictors of BP reduction were evaluated using a structured approach and random effects regression models. Participants were 56% African-American, 72% male and 53 (±10) years-old. Of the variables considered, low baseline high-density lipoprotein (HDL) predicted greater reduction in BP in those patients who received the low-carbohydrate diet (p = 0.03 for systolic BP; p = 0.03 for diastolic BP and p = 0.02 for mean arterial pressure). A low HDL level may identify patients who will have greater BP improvement on a low-carbohydrate diet.     

Utility of fractional flow reserve to determine treatment after recent large myocardial infarction with severe left ventricular dysfunction

Evaluation of ischemia and the extent of viable myocardium is required prior to consideration of revascularizing a lesion after a myocardial infarction in which there is hypo‐ or akinesis. We present a case in which we utilized fractional flow reserve (FFR) of a lesion in a patient whose nuclear study 7 days after infarction suggested minimal viability in the infarct zone. After FFR was positive, stenting was performed with recovery of a large amount of viable myocardium at 1 month as shown on nuclear study. This case illustrates that if ischemia is demonstrated by FFR in an infarct‐related artery even with minimal viability by nuclear study, revascularization may result in significant myocardial recovery. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Effect of individual proton pump inhibitors on cardiovascular events in patients treated with clopidogrel following coronary stenting:: Results From the Ibaraki Cardiac Assessment Study Registry

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether combination therapy of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) causes higher numbers of cardiovascular events than clopidogrel alone in Japanese patients. Background : PPIs are often prescribed in combination with clopidogrel following coronary stenting. PPIs are reported to diminish the effect of clopidogrel because both are metabolized by CYP2C19. However, no reports address the effects of PPIs on cardiovascular events following coronary stenting in the Japanese population. Methods : A total of 1,887 patients treated with clopidogrel following coronary stenting were enrolled in the Ibaraki Cardiac Assessment Study (ICAS) registry. All subjects were classified into two groups according to treatment without (n = 819) or with (n = 1,068) PPI. Propensity score analysis matched 1:1 according to treatment without PPI (n = 500) or with PPI (n = 500). Primary endpoint was the composite of all‐cause death or myocardial infarction. Results : No significant difference was observed in the primary endpoint between the group without PPI and the group with PPI (4.6% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.77). In contrast, a significant difference was found between the group without PPI and with PPI in regard to the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding at the end of the follow‐up period and the specific PPI prescribed (2.4% vs. 0.8%, adjusted HR = 0.30, 95% Confidence interval 0.08‐0.87, P = 0.026) after propensity score matching. Conclusions : No significant association between PPI use and primary endpoint was observed in the Japanese population, whereas PPI use resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of gastrointestinal bleeding. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Lack of long‐term clinical benefit of thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention with paclitaxel‐eluting stents or bare‐metal stents: Post‐hoc analysis of the PASSION‐trial

Background : Although current clinical guidelines recommend the use of thrombus aspiration (TA) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), previous studies evaluating TA demonstrated contradictory results. The aim of this study was to evaluate long‐term clinical outcome after TA in adjunct to PPCI for acute ST‐segment myocardial infarction (STEMI), as compared with conventional treatment, with the use of paclitaxel‐eluting stents or bare‐metal stents. Methods : We analyzed data of the PASSION trial, in which 619 patients with STEMI were randomly assigned to a paclitaxel‐eluting stent or a bare‐metal stent. TA was performed in 311 patients (50.2%). Clinical endpoints at 2 years were compared between patients who received TA during PPCI with patients who underwent conventional PPCI. The primary outcome of interest was a composite of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), or target‐lesion revascularization (TLR). A propensity score model was made to account for baseline differences that could have affected the probability of performing TA. Results : Complete follow‐up was available for 598 patients (96.6%). The cumulative incidence of the combined outcome measure of cardiac death, recurrent MI, or TLR was 40 (13.0%) in the TA group and 41 (13.5%) in the conventional PPCI group (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.62–1.47; P = 0.84). Also after adjusting for propensity score, no significant difference in event rate was observed between both treatment groups. Conclusions : In this post‐hoc analysis of the PASSION trial, TA in adjunct to PPCI did not affect rates of major adverse cardiac events at 2 years follow‐up, as compared with conventional PPCI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

ACC/AHA classification of coronary lesions reflects medical resource use in current percutaneous coronary interventions

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between ACC/AHA type classification of coronary lesions and medical resource utilization. Background : It is not known whether the classification of coronary lesions by the ACC/AHA system reflects the consumption of medical resources in current percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Methods : We identified coronary artery lesions treated with PCI from our PCI database between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2009. Lesions were classified into type A, type B1, type B2, and type C according to the ACC/AHA definition. Total PCI cost, total contrast volume, and total fluoroscopy time were compared among the groups. Results : A total of 447 lesions were analyzed. The number of type A, type B1, type B2, and type C lesion were 75 (16.8%), 98 (21.9%), 145 (32.4%), and 129 (28.9%), respectively. Total PCI cost for type A, type B1, type B2, and type C lesions were $7,262 ± 1,397, $8,126 ± 1,891, $9,126 ± 3,128, and $13,243 ± 4,678, respectively (P < 0.0001). Total contrast volume and fluoroscopy time were also stratified according to the order of type A, type B1, type B2, and type C lesions (P < 0.0001 for total contrast volume; P < 0.0001 for total fluoroscopy time). Conclusions : Total PCI cost, total contrast volume, and total fluoroscopy time were clearly stratified according to the order of type A, type B1, type B2, and type C lesions. Lesion classification by the ACC/AHA system reflects medical resource use in current PCI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.