抑癌基因PTEN和胰岛素样生长因子-1受体在子宫内膜癌中的表达及临床意义

目的研究抑癌基因PTEN和胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF1R)与子宫内膜癌临床及病理特征的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法(SP法)检测45例子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN基因和胰岛素样生长因子1受体的表达。结果45例子宫内膜癌组织中,PTEN阳性表达率为28.89%;Ⅰ期患者和Ⅱ～Ⅲ期患者阳性表达率分别为44.00%和10.00%(P<0.05);在高、中、低分化子宫内膜癌中的阳性表达率分别为60.00%、15.00%和10.00%(P<0.05);无、有淋巴结转移者的阳性表达率分别为38.71%和7.14%(P<0.05);IGF1R阳性表达率为86.67%。结论PTEN基因抑制子宫内膜癌的生长、浸润及淋巴结转移;IGF1R在子宫内膜癌的发生中发挥着重要作用。     

Activation of mouse microglial cells affects P2 receptor signaling

Microglial cells are the immunocompetent cells of the CNS, which are known to exist in several activation states. Here we investigated the impact of microglial activation on the P2 receptor-mediated intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) signaling by means of fluo-3 based Ca(2+)-imaging. Cultured mouse microglial cells were treated with either astrocyte-conditioned medium to induce a ramified morphology or LPS to shift the cells toward the fully activated stage. The extracellular application of ATP (100 microM) induced a [Ca(2+)](i) elevation in 85% of both untreated and ramified microglial cells, whereas only 50% of the LPS-activated cells responded to the stimulus. To characterise the pharmacological profile of microglial P2 receptors we investigated the effects of various P2 agonists on [Ca(2+)](i) in cultured microglial cells. Untreated and ramified microglial cells demonstrated a very similar sensitivity to the different P2 agonists. In contrast, in LPS-activated microglia, a sharp decrease of responses to P2 agonist stimulation was seen. This indicates that microglial activation influences the capability of microglial cells to generate [Ca(2+)](i) signals upon P2 receptor activation.     

Microanatomical localization of dopamine receptor protein immunoreactivity in the rat cerebellar cortex

Dopamine (DA) receptor subtype localization was investigated in rat cerebellar cortex using immunohistochemical techniques with antibodies raised against D1-D5 receptor protein. A faint D1 receptor protein immunoreactivity was developed in molecular and Purkinje neurons layers. D2 receptor protein immunoreactivity was found primarily in cerebellar white matter followed by molecular and granular layers and Purkinje neurons. Antibodies against D2S receptor protein were localized in molecular layer and to a lesser extent, in granular layer. A few Purkinje neurons displayed a faint D2S receptor protein immunoreactivity. D3 receptor protein immunoreactivity was observed primarily in molecular and in Purkinje neurons layers of lobules 9 and 10. A faint D3 receptor protein immunoreactivity was also localized in Purkinje neurons and to a lesser extent, in molecular and granular layers of cerebellar lobules 1-8. D4 receptor protein immunoreactivity was found in cerebellar white matter. A pale immunostaining was also visualized in molecular layer. D5 receptor protein immunoreactivity was localized primarily in molecular and Purkinje neurons layers and to a lesser extent, in granular layer and in white matter. The above results indicate that rat cerebellar cortex expresses the DA receptor subtypes so far identified. Purkinje neurons, which are the only efferent neurons of cerebellum, are richest in DA receptor protein immunoreactivity. This suggests that dopaminergic neurotransmission may modulate efferent inputs from cerebellum. The localization of the majority of D2 and D4 and of a faint D5 protein receptor immunoreactivity in cerebellar white matter suggests that these receptors may be presynaptic and transported axonally.     

雄激素源性脱发

雄激素源性脱发是由雄性激素引起，为进行性的头发密度减少，其包括男性型脱发及女性弥漫性脱发，曾被强调与皮脂溢出有关。Hamilton和Kuster研究分别证实了雄激素源性脱发是一种雄性激素依赖的多基因遗传性脱发，为治疗男性脱发提供了依据。针对DHT的增高、受体的存在，应用5α还原酶的抑制剂、毛发移植取得了一定的效果。通过本文的阐述，与大家共同探讨。     

P13K、P38 MAPK及ERK1/2抑制剂对EGF诱导的血管平滑肌细胞迁移的实验研究

目的 探讨P13K抑制剂Wortmannin、P38 MAPK抑制剂SB202190及ERK1/2抑制剂PD98059对表皮生长因子(EGF)诱导的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)迁移的影响.方法 以1%FCS血清孵育为对照,用EGF(10ng/ml)刺激,平行加入PD98059(PD组)、SB202190(SB组)和Wortmannin(WT),划痕损伤实验分析VSMCs迁移情况.结果 划痕后24 h,EGF组VSMCs迁移较对照组明显(P<0.01),WT组、SB组及PD组与EGF组相比都明显抑制VSMCs迁移(P<0.01),但三个抑制剂组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);划痕后30 h,EGF组VSMCs迁移仍较对照组明显(P<0.01),WT组、SB组及PD组与EGF组相比则明显抑制VSMCs迁移(P<0.01),且三个抑制剂组之间差异有统计学意义,其中SB组较WT组和PD组抑制VSMCs的迁移更明显(P<0.01).结论 EGF诱导VSMCs迁移可能通过P13K、P38 MAPK及ERK1/2途径起作用,且P38 MAPK途径作用更明显.     

完全型雄激素不敏感综合征的临床特征与变异

目的　总结中国完全型雄激素不敏感综合征 (CAIS)患者的基本特征和不同变异。方法　回顾性研究了 1976年 3月至 2 0 0 2年 2月北京协和医院收治的 2 8例CAIS患者的临床表现、激素测定和性腺病理结果 ,并与中国正常人群和国外文献报道的CAIS患者进行比较分析。结果　CAIS患者为女性表型 ,成年身高 (16 6 6 7±3 81)cm ,阴毛、腋毛稀少或缺如 ,有乳房发育 ,女性外阴 ,阴道呈盲端 ,深度为 (5 76± 1 6 4 )cm ,无宫颈 ;2 6 1%合并存在睾酮水平下降 ;19 2 %出现睾丸肿瘤 ,11 5 %有较大的睾丸鞘膜积液 ,19 2 %存在有发育不良的子宫。结论　CAIS临床表现较为特异 ,但仍存在异质性 ,包括存在发育不良的子宫、合并存在睾酮水平下降 ;中国CAIS患者肿瘤的发生率高于国外的报道。     

家兔颈动脉内膜损伤后血管平滑肌细胞表型转化及p38的表达变化

目的观察动脉内膜损伤后血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)表型转化及其与p38表达的关系。方法分别用HE染色、免疫组化和免疫印迹(W estern b lot)方法检测家兔假损伤组(S组)和损伤组损伤后不同时间点血管形态学改变及血管壁中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、平滑肌α肌动蛋白(SMα-actin)和p38蛋白表达的变化。结果⑴内膜损伤后1 d血管中膜管腔侧、3 d管腔内表面可见增殖的VSMC,5~7 d新生内膜(NI)形成并逐渐增厚,14~35 d NI进行性增厚。各组中膜均有增殖的VSMC向腔面集聚。⑵S组动脉中膜VSMC及内皮细胞PCNA为阴性。中膜于损伤后1~14 d,NI于5~14 d PCNA阳性细胞率逐渐增加,14 d达高峰,28 d后开始逐渐减少,且NI阳性率略高于中膜。⑶S组动脉中膜SMα-actin表达为阳性,内皮细胞为阴性。SMα-actin阳性面积于损伤后1 d开始减少,3 d最为明显,5 d后开始逐渐增加,NI阳性表达略低于中膜。⑷S组动脉中膜p38较少或无表达,损伤后1~35 d呈持续高表达,以3~14 d最为明显,NI阳性表达略高于中膜。损伤后p38表达变化与PCNA表达变化呈正相关,且早于SMα-actin表达减少。结论内膜损伤后VSMC增殖能力与其表型转化密切相关,p38参与了损伤后VSMC表型转化的信号转导。     

丙泊酚对中枢神经系统突触后膜受体反应性的影响及机制

丙泊酚虽已广泛应用于临床,但其作用机制迄今尚未阐明.综述了丙泊酚对中枢神经系统突触后膜各类受体反应性的影响及其机制.     

大肠癌组织中生长抑素与cyclins、CDKs表达的相关性研究

目的研究大肠癌组织中生长抑素(SS)的表达与细胞周期调控因子———细胞周期素(cyc lins)、细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶(CDKs)表达的相关性,了解SS对大肠癌细胞增殖的具体调控机制,从而进一步完善大肠癌的发病机制,为激素依赖性大肠癌的内分泌联合基因治疗提供理论依据。方法随机选择79例大肠癌(结肠癌、直肠癌)患者的手术切除标本,用免疫组织化学方法中的SP法检测SS、cyc linD1、cyc linE、cyc linA、cyc linB1、cdc2、CDK2、CDK4的表达情况。结果Cyc linE、CDK2在大肠癌组织SS高表达组的表达低于低表达组(P<0.05)。Cyc linD1、cyc linA、cy-c linB1、cdc2、CDK4在大肠癌组织SS高、中、低表达组三组间相比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在大肠癌组织中,SS表达的水平越高,cyc linE、CDK2的阳性表达率越低,因此,SS对大肠癌细胞周期的调控可能是:SS抑制大肠癌细胞cyc linE、CDK2基因的表达,使cyc linE-CDK2复合物的水平降低,进而抑制细胞从G1期到S期的转化,使进入S期的细胞数减少,以诱导细胞周期阻滞,抑制细胞增殖。     

婴幼儿肾脏疾病肾组织病理类型的分布与临床

目的分析婴幼儿肾脏疾病病理类型的分布及其对诊断治疗的指导意义。 方法中南大学湘雅二院于1996 01—2005 09采用快速经皮肾活检术，对73例临床诊断为10种肾脏疾病的婴幼儿进行肾组织病理检查。将穿刺取得的每份组织标本分成3部分，按常规方法对所有标本均分别进行光镜、电镜及免疫荧光检查，标本均做HE、PAS、PASM、Masson染色，均应用免疫荧光检测肾组织中IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、C4、C1q、Fb，部分病例根据血化验乙肝抗原阳性者加做免疫荧光，检测肾组织中的HBsAg、HBcAg。 结果肾活检成功率为100%；最常见的病理类型为系膜增生性肾炎(51/73例，占69.9%)；临床表现类似的疾病病理类型不同，同一病理类型的疾病，临床表现可以多样。 结论肾活检病理诊断对婴幼儿肾脏疾病的诊断、治疗、估计预后均有重要价值。电镜在婴幼儿肾病理检查中起到不可忽视的作用。