增强复发性上皮性卵巢癌放疗敏感性的相关因素

卵巢癌起病隐匿,大多数患者确诊时已到中晚期.卵巢癌的一线治疗目前仍以手术为主,辅以化疗和放疗.卵巢癌复发率高,即使治疗后获得完全缓解的患者复发率可达80％.放疗可有效控制复发性上皮性卵巢癌、晚期卵巢癌及特殊部位(如盆腔壁、淋巴结等)病灶的发展,缓解症状,提高生活质量、延长无进展生存期.但是由于卵巢癌细胞对放射线的抗性,...     

10 s团注对比剂方案联合80 kV管电压在颈动脉CT血管成像的应用

目的:探讨80 kV管电压联合个体化对比剂低剂量注射方案行颈动脉CT血管成像的可行性。方法:前瞻性纳入需要行颈部CT血管成像(CTA)检查的136名患者,采用完全随机区段法分成A、B、C、D 4组,A组为100 kV 15 s团注常规组,53例;其他3组为80 kV 10 s团注对照组,根据≤50 kg、50～70 k...     

Beclin1介导的自噬在辐射诱导细胞早衰中的作用

自噬是机体及细胞必不可少的调节过程,在维持细胞的正常生理状态过程中发挥重要的作用.Beclin1是自噬的核心功能基因之一,其影响自噬体形成,并通过自噬影响肿瘤的发生和发展.研究发现Beclin1在p62蛋白介导的早衰调控中发挥一定作用,电离辐射可引起细胞发生自噬及早衰等细胞反应,导致细胞死亡.研究Beclin1介导的自...     

锥形束CT在鼻泪管阻塞性疾病辅助诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨锥形束CT(CBCT)在鼻泪管阻塞性疾病辅助诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取2018年1月至2020年8月在中国人民解放军总医院眼科门诊就诊的鼻泪管阻塞性疾病患者104例,按随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组,各52例,观察组患者采用CBCT检查鼻泪管,对照组采用CT泪道造影检查鼻泪管.观察并比较两组患者鼻泪管的影像...     

以顺铂为基础的不同化疗方案同步三维适形放疗对放射性肺炎的影响

目的 探讨以顺铂为基础的不同化疗方案同步三维适形放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)对放射性肺炎的影响.方法 回顾性分析120例局部晚期NSCLC,所有患者均接受了以顺铂为基础的联合化疗同步三维适形放射治疗,按化疗方案的不同分为EP(顺铂和足叶乙苷)方案组(57例)、NC(顺铂和多西他赛)方案组(41例)和DC(顺铂和长春瑞滨)方案组(22例),观察3组放射性肺炎的发生、转归及其影响因素.结果 1+2级放射性肺炎EP方案组为33.3％( 19/57),NC方案组为29.3％( 12/41),高于DC方案组[22.7％(5/22)];≥3级放射性肺炎发生率EP方案组为10.5％(6/57),NC方案组为9.7％(4/41),DC方案组为4.5％ (1/22);但是3组在发生放射性肺炎级别程度上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),经治疗后3组发生放射性肺炎患者的转归差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 以顺铂为基础的化疗方案同步三维适形放射治疗局部晚期NSCLC发生放射性肺炎是可以耐受的,接受顺铂和多西他赛、足叶乙苷、长春瑞滨联合化疗对放射性肺炎影响的差异无统计学意义.但多西他赛能提高肺的耐受性,具有较强的放射增敏效应,对于老年且合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病的患者可考虑优先多西他赛化疗,以减少放射性肺炎的发生.     

烧伤小鼠血清对离体培养的骨髓基质细胞的影响

目的　研究小鼠烧伤血清对离体培养的骨髓基质细胞的影响。方法　利用流式细胞仪、HE染色等技术观察小鼠烧伤后不同时间的血清对小鼠骨髓基质细胞 (BMSC)贴壁率和基质祖细胞 (CFU F)集落形成的作用及对不同剂量的6 0 Coγ射线体外照射后的BMSC的影响。结果　小鼠烧伤后 1～ 11d的血清对基质细胞贴壁率和CFU F的形成主要表现为抑制作用 ,13～ 15d的血清主要表现为刺激作用。小鼠烧伤后 15d的血清可明显减少 5 0、70Gy照射后BMSC的凋亡和坏死。 结论　小鼠烧伤后不同时间的血清对BMSC的作用不同 ,可能与血清内细胞因子的变化有关。     

乳腺癌术后放疗放射性肺损伤的CT诊断

目的:探讨乳腺癌术后放疗放射性肺损伤的CT表现及诊断价值。方法:分析36例乳腺癌术后放疗发生放射性肺损伤患者的CT表现。结果:36例中急性放射性肺炎8例,表现为照射野范围内斑片状、片状密度增高灶或毛玻璃样改变;中间期15例,表现介于急性期与纤维化期之间,可同时见毛玻璃样改变、斑片状实变灶及纤维条索灶;纤维化期13例,表现为照射野范围内的纤维条索灶。结论:CT检查能清晰显示乳腺癌放疗后放射性肺损伤不同时期的特征表现,具有较高的临床价值。     

Quelle place pour la radiothérapie dans la prise en charge des cancers du pancréas localisés ?

At diagnosis, about 15% of patients with pancreatic cancer present with a resectable tumour, 50% have a metastatic tumour, and 25% a locally advanced tumor (non-metastatic but unresectable due to vascular invasion) or borderline resectable. Despite the technical progress made in the field of radiation therapy and the improvement of the efficacy of chemotherapy, the prognosis of these patients remains very poor. Recently, the role of radiation therapy in the management of pancreatic cancer has been much debated. This review aims to evaluate the role of radiation therapy for these patients.     

A change in treatment process with a modern record and verify system

Purpose: With the introduction of new treatment devices, such as a multileaf collimator (MLC) and dynamic wedge (DW), therapists have an increased responsibility to ensure correct treatment. Simultaneously, three-dimensional treatment planning (3DTP) has led to an increased number of portals and table movements. To counteract this challenge and maintain efficiency, a comprehensive record and verify (R&V) system is mandatory. We evaluated a commercial system (Varis) for reliability, ease of use, efficiency, and integration with our planning systems.

Methods and Materials: Some key elements of the Varis system are: integration of MLC and DW; auto setup for MLC, jaw, collimator, gantry, and limited table parameters; direct download of simulation beam data; and a regimented field scheduling system that prescribes all beam data for particular fractions. Evaluation of the system was driven by treatment time analysis, error rates, and an increased workload. These issues were governed by how we disseminated duties and how the system accommodated or changed our processes.

Results: Most data entry is performed by our dosimetry staff. Data can be downloaded from the simulator, but more patients now move from CT simulation and/or 3DTP to the treatment machine. Varis does not link to these systems. The physics staff confirms all entries to correct data entry errors. The workload for dosimetrists increased by an average of 8 minutes/patient entry; physics time increased by 7 minutes/patient entry; the weekly electronic chart check takes approximately 3 minutes/patient. Therapists who used Varis efficiently showed a slight decrease in treatment times, attributed to MLC integration and auto-setup. Some therapists experienced a decrease in efficiency, because of unfamiliarity and excess intervention. On a positive note, notable events have decreased by a factor of 10 since full initiation. Unfortunately, the remaining errors are often the result of a therapist relying on incorrect electronic information.

Conclusion: The Varis R&V system has had an impact on our clinic’s process and efficiency. Checking of all beam data and related field scheduling have helped reduce errors and misconceptions. We feel a dual-energy machine can be operated with two experienced therapists and an up-to-date R&V system more accurately and efficiently than with three therapists working without an integrated R&V. We anticipate future Varis releases will further promote efficiency and accuracy.