Improved freedom from PSA failure with whole pelvic irradiation for high-risk prostate cancer

Purpose: To determine the impact of whole pelvic irradiation on the risk of PSA failure in prostate cancer patients, at high predicted risk for lymph node involvement, receiving definitive radiotherapy.

Materials and Methods: Between October 1987 and December 1995, 506 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer were treated with definitive radiotherapy at UCSF and affiliated institutions. Treatment consisted of 4-field whole pelvic irradiation followed by a prostate-only boost, or prostate-only treatment (median follow-up was 35 months and 30 months, respectively). PSA failure was defined as: 1. a PSA value ≥ 1 ng/ml; or 2. a PSA value that rose ≥ 0.5 ng/ml in ≤ 1 year posttreatment on two consecutive measurements, with the first rise defined as the time of failure. The calculated risk of lymph node positivity (%rLN+) was defined as (iPSA) + 10(GS-6), and high risk was defined as %rLN+ ≥ 15%. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.

Results: A total of 201 high-risk patients were identified. High-risk patients who received whole pelvic irradiation had significantly improved freedom from PSA failure compared to those who received prostate-only treatment (median PFS = 34.3 months vs. 21.0 months; p = 0.0001). Potential confounding variables, including initial PSA, Gleason score, T stage, radiation dose, year of treatment, use of three-dimensional (3D) conformal techniques, and use of hormone therapy, did not account for the observed difference in time to PSA failure. Multivariate analysis revealed type of radiation treatment to be the most significant independent predictor of outcome.

Conclusion: Whole pelvic radiotherapy significantly improves the PSA failure-free survival in patients with a high calculated risk of lymph node positivity.     

鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病31例临床分析

目的：探讨影响鼻咽癌放疗后放射性脑病发生的有关因素。材料与方法：1987年至1996年共收治鼻咽癌1563例，发生放射性脑病31例。结果：放射性脑病的发生与性别，年龄无关，再程放疗与，程放疗比较分别为6．3％及1．3％（P＜0．01）；颅底骨质有、无破坏者发生率为4．6％及0．6％（P＜0．01）；T3、T4期患者与T1、T2期比较，分别为1．9％及0．6％（P＜0．05）；鼻咽部剂量≤65Gy者为0．6％，＞65Gy为2．4％（P＜0．05）；耳前野上界＞1．5cm者为2．2％，位于1．5cm者为0．7％（P＜0．05）。结论：放射性脑病的发生不仅有血管一神经性因素，脑组织的某些生化及免疫方面的改变，也是一个重要的因素。     

252Cf中子后装治疗宫颈癌直肠钡灌肠与插铅丝监测直肠前壁受量的差异

目的观察宫颈癌锎(252Cf)中子后装治疗过程中直肠钡灌肠与插铅丝两种方法监测直肠前壁受量时的差异,分析直肠前壁受量的高低与急性期放射性直肠炎发生率的关系.方法30例宫颈癌用直肠插铅丝和钡灌肠的办法监测直肠前壁受量(各15例),分别拍摄等中心正交片.A点剂量均给予10Gy,分别计算直肠前壁和膀胱后壁最大受量以及按ICRU38号报告设定的直肠剂量参考点(R)的剂量,量取直肠前壁和膀胱后壁最大剂量点与官腔管中心的距离.统计所有病例及其中直肠前壁受量＞4Gy病例的急性放射性直肠炎的发生率.结果钡灌肠组直肠前壁最大剂量点与宫腔管中心的平均距离明显低于插铅丝组,钡灌肠组直肠前壁最大剂量点受量则明显高于插铅丝组,ICRU直肠剂量参考点(R)的剂量明显高于钡灌肠组,但其剂量的高低与钡灌肠时直肠前壁最大剂量点受量的高低无明显关系.而膀胱后壁最大剂量点与宫腔管中心的平均距离及膀胱后壁最大剂量点受量,两组均无明显差别.直肠前壁受量＞4 Gy病例的急性放射性直肠炎的发生率明显高于其他病例.结论宫颈癌中子后装治疗时直肠钡灌肠比插铅丝更能准确显示宫颈、阴道与直肠前壁的解剖关系,更能准确反映直肠前壁的真正受量.根据钡灌肠时直肠前壁最大剂量点受量的高低可大致预测宫颈癌放疗期间急性放射性直肠炎的发生率,且直肠钡灌肠对乙状结肠变异可起诊断作用.     

Virtual computed tomography colonoscopy: artifacts, image quality and radiation dose load in a cadaver study

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the interdependency of spatial resolution, image reconstruction artifacts, and radiation doses in virtual CT colonoscopy by comparing various CT scanning protocols. A pig's colon with several artificial polypoid lesions was imaged after air insufflation with helical CT scanning using 1-, 3-, and 5-mm collimation, and pitch values varying from 1.0 to 3.0. Virtual endoscopic images and “fly through” sequences were calculated on a Sun Sparc 20 workstation (Navigator Software, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wis.). Several reconstruction artifacts as well as overall image quality were evaluated by three independent reviewers. In addition, radiation doses for the different CT protocols were measured as multiple-scan average dose using a 10-cm ion chamber and a standard Plexiglass body phantom. Generally, image quality and reconstruction artifacts were less affected by pitch values than by beam collimation. Thus, narrow beam collimation at higher pitch values (e. g. 3 mm/2.0) seems to be a reasonable compromise between quality of virtual endoscopic images and radiation dose load. Received: 4 February 1999; Revised: 16 June 1999; Accepted: 17 June 1999     

鼻咽癌放射损伤的中药防治观察

目的观察中药养阴活血方防治鼻咽癌放疗致口咽放射损伤的疗效。方法将156例鼻咽癌住院患者随机分为A组(78例)、B组(78例),两组均接受相同条件的放射治疗,但A组放射治疗同时配合用自拟中药养阴活血方1号合剂治疗,B组是常规放射治疗。观察放疗后口咽黏膜放射反应的情况。结果放疗后两组的口咽黏膜急性放射反应总的发生率基本相似,但A组的程度比B组轻,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05);口咽黏膜放射反应的初发时间,两组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论中药养阴活血合剂对放射性黏膜损伤有明显的防治作用。     

多层螺旋CT盆腔扫描重建图像质量与X射线剂量的关系

目的分析扫描参数的设置与图像质量和吸收剂量之间的关系,选择适合于二维和三维重建较高图像质量和较低吸收剂量的扫描方式。方法使用GE L ightspeed U ltra 16层螺旋CT机,对人体盆腔模型进行扫描。扫描条件:120 kV,管电流分别为250 mA或200 mA,螺距分别为1.375或0.985,层厚分别为5 mm或7.5 mm。评价二维和三维图像质量,在辐射剂量观测栏,观测剂量长度乘积(DLP)的变化。选择其中图像质量较好和DLP相对较低的4种扫描方式对患者进行扫描。结果DLP随管电流的增加、螺距的减小而增大,而二维和三维图像质量也随mA的增加、螺距的减小而提高。二维图像选择250 mA、1.375螺距、7.5 mm层厚,图像噪声低,影像细节能清晰显示,且DLP相对较低;三维图像选择200 mA、0.938螺距、7.5 mm层厚,能够满足诊断需要。结论遵循医疗照射的正当性和防护最优化原则,科学地设置管电流、层厚、螺距等扫描参数,一方面能够保证二维和三维图像质量,另一方面又能减少DLP值,减少X射线辐射对盆腔生殖器官的损伤。     

三维适形放疗同步化疗治疗Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌

目的观察三维适形放疗同步化疗治疗Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及耐受性。方法将39例Ⅲ、Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者按治疗方法分为两组,三维适形同步放化疗组(同步组)23例,序贯放化疔组(序贯组) 16例。所有患者均行以铂类药物为主的化疗,放疗用6 MV X线,计划剂量为62～68 Gy,常规分割为2 Gy·次~(-1)·d~(-1),5次/周。分别比较两组的近期疗效、生存率、卡氏评分(KPS)变化及骨髓毒性。结果同步组和序贯组病例的完全缓解率、有效率、KPS改善率分别为17．4%(4/23例)比12．5%(2/16例)、73．9%(17/23例)比62．5%(10/16例)、78．3%(18/23例)比75．0%(12/16例),两组比较差异无显著性；两组白细胞减少率分别为91．3%(21/23例)比87．5%(14/16例)；两组放射性食管炎发生率分别为52．2%(12/23例)比50．0%(8/16例),放射性肺炎发生率分别为13．0%(3/23例)比12．5%(2/16例),均为1、2级。结论三维适形放疗同步化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌有优于序贯放化疗的趋势,为绝大部分患者所接受,同步化疗毒性增大不明显。     

某焦化厂新建同位素装置放射防护控制效果评价

目的 对某焦化厂新建同位素装置进行放射防护控制效果评价。方法 通过现场监测，按照标准对辐射源安全级别，场所辐射防护区域，工作人员接受的剂量水平进行分析评价。结果 只有一处密封辐射源仪表的安全级别属3级，其余均符合4级标准；1m外工人接受的最大剂量估算值小于国标规定的公众年剂量限值要求。结论 该焦化厂新装同位素装置场所基本符合国家规定。     

系统护理对头颈癌患者放疗所致口腔黏膜炎预防效果的Meta分析

【摘要】 目的 探究系统护理干预对头颈癌患者放射性口腔黏膜炎的预防效果。方法 计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数字化期刊全文数据库与PubMed,并通过其他资源补充检索,检索时间均从建库~2017年12月4日。由2名评价员根据纳入与排除标准对文献筛选、资料提取和严格质量评价后,采用RevMan53软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入7项随机对照试验,共计827名患者。Meta分析结果显示,系统护理组口腔黏膜炎的发生情况主要以Ⅰ、Ⅱ级为主,Ⅲ级较少,Ⅳ级全无;而常规护理组则以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级为主,Ⅰ、Ⅳ级较少,但均有发生。结论 系统护理干预后能使放射性口腔黏膜炎的严重程度减轻,预防重型放射性口腔黏膜炎的发生。     

股骨和胫骨骨干骨折内固定术前测量评估髓内钉长度的研究进展

目的:总结股骨和胫骨骨干骨折内固定术前髓内钉长度测量评估方法的研究进展,为临床应用提供参考。方法:以"股骨""胫骨""髓内钉长度""术前测量"以及"femur""tibia""intramedullary length""preoperative measurement"等为中、英文关键词,在中国知网、万方医学、Pub...