The effect of short or long sleep duration on quality of life and depression: an internet-based survey in Japan

BackgroundTo date, no previous studies have evaluated the relationship between sleep duration and quality of life (QOL) or depression in the general population after controlling for daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbances.MethodsA web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with 8698 subjects aged 20–69 years. We examined the relationships between weekday sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, sleep disturbance, QOL and depression, using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (without the item for sleep duration), 8-item Short Form and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).ResultsDaytime sleepiness tended to increase in proportion to shorter weekday sleep durations. Sleep disturbances, physical and mental QOL, and CES-D scores were worse in both the shorter and longer sleep groups compared with the group with 7–8 h of sleep. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that short sleep duration but not long sleep duration was significantly associated with reduction of both physical and mental QOL, even after controlling for the presence of daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbance. Both short and long sleep duration were independently and significantly correlated with depression after controlling for daytime sleepiness; however, there was no statistically significant association after adjusting for the effects of sleep disturbance.ConclusionsThe results suggested adverse effects of short sleep but not long sleep on both physical and mental QOL. In addition, the negative impact of specific types of sleep disturbance on depression may be greater than the impact of shortening of sleep duration.     

Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) level and MMP9 -1562C>T in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies

BackgroundThe peripheral level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and polymorphism of MMP9 -1562C>T in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains controversial. Therefore, the aims of this systemic review and meta-analysis are to assess the MMP9 level in OSA patients and identify the relationship between MMP9 -1562C>T and OSA susceptibility.MethodsThis systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guideline. We searched for studies in major databases, identifying those indexed from inception to July 3, 2019 which related to MMP9 level, MMP9 -1562C>T and OSA. The pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of MMP9 levels were calculated. In addition, the relationship between MMP9 -1562C>T and OSA susceptibility was assessed by three genetic models. The heterogeneity analysis and calculation of the pooled odds ratio (OR) were also performed, followed by quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).ResultsIn sum, our review included 15 eligible studies regarding MMP9 level and three regarding MMP9 -1562C>T. The pooled results showed that peripheral level of MMP9 was increased in OSA patients (SMD = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.15–1.59). Furthermore, significant difference of MMP9 level can be found between severe and mild-to-moderate OSA patients (SMD = 28.17; 95% CI = 4.23–52.11) or between moderate-severe and mild OSA (SMD = 36.62; 95% CI = 12.19–61.04). However, no relationship was observed between MMP9 -1562C>T and OSA susceptibility in three genetic models (Homozygote model, OR = 1.37; 95% CI = 0.87–2.18); (Recessive model, OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 0.83–2.42); (Allele model, OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.96–1.18).ConclusionsThis systemic review and meta-analysis indicated that the level of MMP9 was increased in patients with OSA and this increase is relevant to OSA severity. Moreover, the relationship between MMP9 -1562 C>T and OSA susceptibility has currently not been proven by current merging values. Further analyses with larger sample size are required to verify these associations.     

Sleep time and sleep-related symptoms across two generations – results of the community-based RHINE and RHINESSA studies

Study objectivesTo analyze the association between sleep-related symptoms and sleep length in parents and their children in relation to other risk factors in both generations.MethodThe participants were parents (n = 5,855, age 54.3 ± 6.5 years, 45.2% men) who participated in the community-based Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study and one random member of their adult offspring (n = 5,855, age 30.2 ± 7.7 years, 41.5% men) who participated in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) study. Both generations responded to identical questionnaires on sleep symptoms, including difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS), early morning awakening (EMA), snoring, nocturnal sweating, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER), sleep time and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Insomnia was defined as either, or both, DIS and DMS in combination with EDS.ResultsAll sleep variables except nocturnal sweating were more common in offspring whose parents had reported the same symptom. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, smoking, physical activity, education, center and parents' total number of children, there were independent associations between sleep symptoms in parents and offspring for DIS (adj. OR, 95% CI: 1.52, 1.20–1.93), DMS (1.34, 1.15–1.56), snoring (1.45, 1.15,1.83), nGER (1.65, 1.15–2.37), insomnia (1.39, 1.13–1.73), short sleep time (<6 h/night) (2.51, 1.72–3.68) and EDS (1.48, 1.26,1.72). There were no independent relationships between symptoms in parents and offspring for EMA, nocturnal sweating or long sleep time (>9 h/night).ConclusionThe familiar aggregation of many sleep disturbances was not explained by investigated lifestyle and environmental factors. This supports a heritable factor in sleep problems.     

软硬腭前移鼻咽下口扩大术初步报告

目的:运用软硬腭前移的手术方法扩大鼻咽下口,改善因鼻咽部狭小致阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的呼吸暂停症状。方法:手术切除硬腭后份使其缩短、悬雍垂软腭成形并将软腭拉向前,扩大鼻咽下口。结果:患者术后自觉症状及客观评价疗效满意。结论:软硬腭前移鼻咽下口扩大显著改善鼻咽下口狭小导致的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的症状。     

百乐眠胶囊治疗失眠症的临床研究

目的评价百乐眠胶囊治疗失眠症的疗效。方法对40例失眠症患者进行开放性治疗,用睡眠评定量表(SDRS)进行疗效评价。结果治疗后1周和2周,患者SDRS评分中位数均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),2周时降低更明显(P<0.01)。1周时有效率为20%,2周时有效率为85%(P<0.01)。SDRS评定结果显示各临床表现均较治疗前明显好转(P<0.01)。结论百乐眠胶囊是治疗失眠症安全有效的药物。     

Peri-sleep-onset cortisol levels in children and adolescents with affective disorders.

BACKGROUND: Changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as evidenced by patterns of cortisol secretion, have been of interest in understanding depression and anxiety disorders across the life span. Previous studies of pediatric depression have pointed to the period around sleep onset as a key time point for observing alterations in cortisol secretion associated with affective disorders. Evidence also indicates that pubertal development may influence the expression of HPA dysregulation. We hypothesized that adolescents with depression and youth with anxiety disorders exhibit elevated peri-sleep-onset cortisol. METHODS: Plasma cortisol was sampled every 20 min around sleep onset from children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (n = 116), anxiety disorders (n = 32), or no history of psychiatric disorder (control; n = 76). Sleep onset was determined by polysomnography. Classification of participants as children or adolescents was based on Tanner staging of pubertal maturation. RESULTS: Children with anxiety disorders had higher peri-sleep-onset cortisol than children with depression or control children. Adolescents with depression had marginally higher peri-sleep-onset cortisol than control adolescents and significantly higher peri-sleep-onset cortisol than children with depression. CONCLUSIONS: Depression and anxiety are associated with altered cortisol secretion around sleep onset, and these changes appear to be influenced by pubertal maturation.     

精子冷冻环无保护剂玻璃化冷冻方法的初步研究

目的探讨精子冷冻环无保护剂玻璃化冷冻方法的可行性。方法正常精液标本上游处理后,进行常规冷冻和冷冻环无保护剂的玻璃化冷冻,复苏后分别从活力参数及电镜下超微结构等指标比较两种冷冻方法的效果。结果两种方法冷冻后精子存活率、活动率之间差异无显著性(48%∶48%;44.5%∶43.5%,P>0.05),但均较未冷冻的89%和88.5%明显下降(P<0.001)。超微结构亦较未冷冻时发生了一定的改变,但核结构基本保持完整。结论精子冷冻环无保护剂的玻璃化冷冻是一种简单、方便而行之有效的冷冻方法。