Distinct patterns of neuronal inputs and outputs of the juxtaparaventricular and suprafornical regions of the lateral hypothalamic area in the male rat

We have analyzed at high resolution the neuroanatomical connections of the juxtaparaventricular region of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHAjp); as a control and in comparison to this, we also performed a preliminary analysis of a nearby LHA region that is dorsal to the fornix, namely the LHA suprafornical region (LHAs). The connections of these LHA regions were revealed with a coinjection tract-tracing technique involving a retrograde (cholera toxin B subunit) and anterograde (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin) tracer. The LHAjp and LHAs together connect with almost every major division of the cerebrum and cerebrospinal trunk, but their connection profiles are markedly different and distinct. In simple terms, the connections of the LHAjp indicate a possible primary role in the modulation of defensive behavior; for the LHAs, a role in the modulation of ingestive behavior is suggested. However, the relation of the LHAjp and LHAs to potential modulation of these behaviors, as indicated by their neuroanatomical connections, appears to be highly integrative as it includes each of the major functional divisions of the nervous system that together determine behavior, i.e., cognitive, state, sensory, and motor. Furthermore, although a primary role is indicated for each region with respect to a particular mode of behavior, intermode modulation of behavior is also indicated. In summary, the extrinsic connections of the LHAjp and LHAs (so far as we have described them) suggest that these regions have a profoundly integrative role in which they may participate in the orchestrated modulation of elaborate behavioral repertoires.     

风湿性心脏炎HLA—DR分子表达量的改变

目的　了解风湿性心脏炎 (rheumaticcarditis,RC)外周血淋巴细胞表面HLA DR分子的表达量 ,以探讨HLA DR分子在外周血淋巴细胞表面的表达量在RC发病机制中的意义 ,为RC的诊断和防治提供新的途径。方法　选取门诊及住院确诊风湿性心脏炎者 33例 ,单纯风湿性关节炎 2 1例 ,风心病静止期组 36例 ,链球菌感染后状态组 16例 ,正常对照组 43例。分别予A组 β型溶血性链球菌 (GAS)膜抗原及GM CSF刺激其淋巴细胞 ,另设空白对照 ,参照RandallEllisMorris的cell ELISA方法 ,检测淋巴细胞表面HLA DR的表达情况 ,以OD/cell为单位表示。HLA DR表达量以均数±标数差表示 ,用方差分析其差异 ,P <0 0 5为统计学显著标准。结果　①心脏炎组HLA DR分子表达量明显高于其他各组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而关节炎组较非活动期组亦有明显增高 (P<0 0 5 )。②加入膜抗原及GM CSF后各样本的HLA DR的表达量均有增加。加入膜抗原刺激者 ,心脏炎组的增加量较其他各组明显大 ,而关节炎组和风心病静止期组增加量与正常对照组及链球菌感染后状态组相比亦有显著差别 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　①对HLA DR分子表达量的检测有助于对风湿热不同型别及不同病期的诊断和监测风湿性心脏炎的活动情况。②膜抗原与HLA DR分子对风湿性心脏炎发病及发展起了重要     

Fatigue Life Prediction of CFRP-Strengthened RC Beams with Flexural Crack under Hygrothermal Environments

The durability of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) is a worldwide concern in structural engineering. As an important part of the strengthened beam, the performance of the CFRP–concrete interface under hygrothermal environments is a delicate problem. In this paper, the fatigue behavior of CFRP-strengthened RC beams is analyzed by a theoretical model. In the model, CFRP–concrete interface degradation under hygrothermal environments is involved. Since interface debonding and rebar fracture induced by intermediate cracking are two typical failure modes, the damage models of rebar and the CFRP–concrete interface are established. Based on the theoretical model, the failure mode of CFRP-strengthened RC beams can be predicted, and fatigue life can be determined. The results showed that IC debonding is more likely to occur under hygrothermal environments. The accurate prediction of failure modes is essential for fatigue life prediction.     

Time-Dependent Seismic Fragility of Typical Concrete Girder Bridges under Chloride-Induced Corrosion

Recent studies highlighted the importance of the combined effects of prestress loss and corrosion deterioration for concrete girder bridge structures when the effect of damage on the performance level is estimated. The multi-deterioration mechanisms connected with chloride erosion include the cross-sectional area loss of longitudinal bars and stirrups, the reduction in the ductility, the decrease in the strength of steels and the strength loss of concrete in RC columns. For the corroded RC columns and corroded elastomeric bridge bearings, analytical models of the material degradation phenomena were employed for performing the probabilistic seismic performance analysis, which could obtain the system seismic fragility of aging bridges by considering the failure functionality of multiple correlated components (e.g., columns, bearings). The combined effects of prestress loss and cracking were also considered when developing time-dependent system seismic fragility functions. Here, a typical multi-span reinforced concrete girder bridge was used as a case study for studying the time-variant seismic performance. The results revealed the importance of the joint effects of the multi-deterioration mechanisms when modeling the time-dependent seismic fragility of aging bridge systems, as well as the significance of considering the combined effects of prestress loss and cracking.     

An Efficient Method for Optimizing HPC-FRP Retrofit Systems of Flexural Strengthened One-Way Continuous Slabs Based on ACI 440.2R

An innovative retrofit system consisting of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) and high-performance concrete (HPC) considering the difficulty of the accessibility and installation of FRP on the underside of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs was found to be efficient in the flexural strengthening of existing RC slabs. It is important to note that continuous slabs using the FRP-HPC retrofit systems are less effective in exploiting FRP tensile strength and can cause sudden failure once excessively enhanced flexural strength exceeds shear strength. A design method to ensure ductile failure mode was also proposed for strengthened continuous RC slabs in the previous literature. Thus, it is necessary to optimize retrofit systems in terms of mechanical performance aspects to improve the efficiency of retrofitted slabs in serviceability. This study proposes a design method for optimizing the strength of materials and inducing ductile failure of continuous slab retrofitting FRP-HPC systems. The proposed approach demonstrated its effectiveness for strengthening a continuous RC slab with various FRP-HPC retrofit systems through a case study. The results show that the design factored load in the serviceability limit state does not change appreciably from a decrease in carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) of 38%; the design factored load decreased only by 9% and the ultimate failure load by 13% while reducing CFRP by 20% and HPC by 25%.     

癫痫智能障碍的WAIS—RC智力量表P300测试的对比研究

目的：探讨癫痫智能障碍的ＷＡＩＳ－ＲＣ智力量表与Ｐ３００潜伏期二者之间的关系。方法：对６６例２０－５０岁癫痫患者（病人）用ＷＡＩＳ－ＲＣ测出全智商（ＦＩＱ）、以纯音“ｏｄｄｂａｌｌ”刺激序列从Ｃｚ引出Ｐ３００（Ｐ３），测其峰时（ＰＬ）和波辐（Ａｍｐ）。以５０例年龄、性别、文化水平相匹配的志愿健康人为对照，病人按ＦＩＱ〈９０分和≥９０分（知能正常）分为Ａ和Ｂ两组。然后将客Ｐ３各参量（主要为ＰＬ）进行