The difficulty of diagnosing NCSE in clinical practice; external validation of the Salzburg criteria

To improve the diagnostic accuracy of electroencephalography (EEG) criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), external validation of the recently proposed Salzburg criteria is paramount. We performed an external, retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study of the Salzburg criteria, using EEG recordings from patients with and without a clinical suspicion of having NCSE. Of the 191 EEG recordings, 12 (12%) was classified as an NCSE according to the reference standard. In the validation cohort, sensitivity was 67% and specificity was 89%. The positive predictive value was 47% and the negative predictive value was 95%. Ten patients in the control group (n = 93) were false positive, resulting in a specificity of 89.2%. The interrater agreement between the reference standards and between the scorers of the Salzburg criteria was moderate; disagreement occurred mainly in patients with an epileptic encephalopathy. The Salzburg criteria showed a lower diagnostic accuracy in our external validation study than in the original design, suggesting that they cannot replace the current practice of careful weighing of both clinical and EEG information on an individual basis.     

四种大宗常用中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素污染状况分布比较研究

目的 测定不同来源的4种大宗常用中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素（AFB₁、AFB₂、AFG₁和AFG₂）的含量，比较不同基质中药饮片中黄曲霉毒素的分布状况。方法 基于免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱分离-荧光检测器（IAC-HPLC-FLD）方法，分析不同产地共75批中药样品。结果 柏子仁、薏苡仁、决明子及党参共计75批中药饮片中，阳性检出：26批柏子仁（AFs 1.22-46.67 μg·kg^-1，AFB₁ 1.22-31.40 μg·kg^-1）、4批薏苡仁（AFs 1.97-41.13 μg·kg^-1，AFB₁ 1.97-36.40 μg·kg^-1）、1批决明子（AFs 13.65 μg·kg^-1，AFB₁ 12.60 μg·kg^-1），阳性率41%，超标率15%。阳性样品经 LC-MS/MS确证，排除假阳性。4种大宗常用中药饮片柏子仁、薏苡仁、决明子、党参中黄曲霉毒素的污染水平依次降低，阳性检出率分别为77%、29%、7%、0%，表明中药材中黄曲霉毒素的污染状况与药材基质密切相关。结论 针对易污染AFs的中药品种，需进一步加强其污染状况的全面检测分析，为黄曲霉毒素的有效防控以及完善中药的质量标准提供科学依据，从而保障中药用药安全。     

Perceived mechanisms of change in therapeutic yoga targeting psychological distress

IntroductionThis study was designed to investigate yoga teachers' and yoga therapists’ perceptions of the ways yoga is applied to treat symptoms of psychological distress, and identify the defining features, main components, and mechanisms of change in therapeutic practice.MethodsA qualitative design was employed. Six yoga teachers who had specific training and experience in teaching therapeutic yoga or practicing ‘yoga therapy’ took part in one-to-one interviews during which they gave accounts of their experiences of helping people cope with psychological distress through yoga. Participants' interviews were transcribed verbatim and were analysed using an integrative inductive-deductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour key themes were identified in relation to the benefits of therapeutic yoga: Awareness, Choice, Relationships, and Tailoring.ConclusionsThe findings support previous research which suggests that individualised yoga therapy is a promising intervention, and may help to form a theoretical rationale for the future treatment of psychological distress with yoga.     

Pediatric Inpatient Headache Therapy: What is Available

Status migrainosus is defined by the international classification of headache disorders (ICHD) criteria as a debilitating migraine lasting more then 72 hours. The epidemiology of status migrainosus is still unknown in adult and children, and frequently underdiagnosed. Children and adolescents often end up in the emergency room with an intractable headache that failed outpatient therapy. Six to seven percent of these children do not respond to acute infusion therapy and require hospitalization. It is imperative that more aggressive therapy is considered when patients are affected by a severe intractable headache to prevent further disability and returning the child to baseline activity. Multiple therapies are available for adults and children. Studies for acute therapy in the emergency room are available in adults and pediatric groups. Small studies are available for inpatient therapy in children and, along with available therapies for children and adolescents, are described in this review. A review of the literature shows growing evidence regarding the use of dihydroergotamine intravenously once patients are hospitalized. Effectiveness and safety have been proven in the last decades in adults and small studies in the pediatric populations.     

Changes in iodine status among US adults, 2001–2012

Urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) in the US have been reported to be stable since 1988–1994, although those in selected subgroups remained low. We aimed to investigate iodine status among adults (≥20 years) by two different criteria of assessing iodine deficiency in population. Utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2001–2012, we conducted linear logistic regressions adjusting for covariates. The prevalence of <50?μg/L UIC was higher in women than in men; increased from 11.6% (2001–2004) to 13.2% (2009–2012) at the national level and in young adults, non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and non-users of iodine-containing supplements (all, p?<0.05); the adjusted odds ratios (95%CI) in young adults (1.54 [1.11–2.15], p =?0.0007) and NHBs (1.70 [1.15–2.52], p =?0.0078). Median UICs confirm women and NHBs being in borderline iodine status. Recognizing the critical consequence of iodine deficiency particularly in women and NHBs, regular monitoring of iodine status is important for public health in the US.     

结直肠癌化疗患者营养状况及营养治疗研究进展

结直肠癌是常见的消化道肿瘤，其营养不良发生率高且严重。化疗是结直肠癌常见治疗方式之一，并与营养不良独立相关，化疗后患营养不良风险增大且营养不良进一步加重。同时，营养不良可导致患者化疗疗效差及预后不良，并增加化疗相关不良反应、影响患者生活质量及降低生存率等。营养治疗能够有效改善患者营养状况，在肿瘤综合治疗中有重要作用，且多学科团队合作是有效的营养干预模式。目前营养治疗主要包括营养咨询、口服营养补充剂、肠内营养和肠外营养等，相关指南和研究表明在营养治疗时应首选口服营养补充剂及肠内营养，仅在采用以上治疗后仍存在营养不足或无法进行肠内营养时行肠外营养。本文主要对结直肠癌患者营养状况与化疗之间关系、营养治疗的最新研究进展及相关指南进行综述，以期引起临床上对结直肠癌化疗患者营养治疗方面重视并提供参考。     

认知行为干预在冠心病患者护理中的应用效果

目的观察认知行为干预在冠心病患者护理中的应用效果。方法选取本院2016年12月～2018年2月期间收治的53例冠心病患者,根据住院号奇偶性情况将其随机分为观察组(n=27)和对照组(n=26),对照组予以常规护理,观察组予以认知行为干预。比较两组患者控制态度评分、心理状况评分、生活质量改善情况及依从性。结果观察组控制态度评分、心理状况评分、生活质量改善情况及依从性与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在冠心病患者护理中给予认知行为干预应用效果极佳,可作为临床干预首选措施。