反思功能在精神病学中的研究进展

反思功能(Reflective Function,RF)为心智化的测量与实证研究提供了途径和框架.本文对RF的概念、测量工具做出了简要介绍,陈列并讨论了目前RF在不同精神病理学背景下的实证研究.RF作为一个新兴概念,相关研究主要在国外开展,各项研究已初步证明RF在精神病理学中所扮演的重要角色,随着RF测量工具的飞速进展,大样本量的实证研究将得到更多的开展.     

奥卡西平治疗复发性躁狂疗效分析

目的观察奥卡西平治疗复发性躁狂的临床疗效和副反应。方法随机对96例复发性躁狂发作的患者分别以奥卡西平及碳酸锂治疗,使用Bech-Rafaelson躁狂量表（BRMS）评定临床疗效,并对治疗期间出现的药物副反应进行比较。结果两组治疗后BRMS分值均大幅度下降,差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,但组间比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）,奥卡西平副反应发生率较低。结论奥卡西平用于治疗复发性躁狂,疗效肯定,与碳酸锂疗效相近,且副反应较轻,安全性好。     

云南省级某综合医院精神科联络-会诊现状及其相关因素

目的 探讨云南省级某综合医院住院患者精神科联络会诊现状及相关因素.方法 收集某三甲医院1a内向精神科请求会诊服务的487名患者,对患者人口学资料、申请会诊科室、精神障碍病种、会诊后精神科处理情况等进行统计分析.结果 在接受精神科会诊服务的患者中,平均年龄为(57.14±16.59)岁,最大92岁,其中以40 ～ 70岁居多,女性(52.4％)稍高于男性(47.6％).申请会诊较多的科室依次为消化、神内、创伤、心内、呼吸.常见精神障碍为情绪障碍、神经症、器质性精神障碍、睡眠障碍等.会诊后精神科的处理主要有抗抑郁/焦虑药、抗精神病药、抗抑郁药合用抗精神病药、镇静催眠药、心理干预.结论 综合医院普通临床科室有较大的精神科会诊需求,但非精神科医生的对精神障碍的识别、处理能力及生物-心理-社会医学模式的意识还有待提高.     

司法精神医学鉴定案中性别差异调查分析

目的探讨司法精神病鉴定案例的性别差异,了解比较男、女被鉴定人的不同特点。方法对1991年1月-2003年由公、检、法、司送我院进行鉴定的192例案例资料进行调查。其中男性106例（A组）,女性86例（B组）。采用x^2检验对两组数据进行分析。结果两组在一般人口学、鉴定案由、法律能力和法律关系、责任能力的评定及精神疾病分类中的癔症、反应性精神病等方面均有显著性差异（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论司法精神病鉴定中以男性鉴定案为多,且多为暴力案件,性侵害案件;女性多为精神损伤、离婚案、性受害案,且比率极低。男、女性别差异的确切原因不明。     

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in stress and disease: A review of literature and treatment perspectives with special emphasis on psychiatric disorders

The CRF family of neuropeptides and receptors is involved in a variety of stress responses, in the regulation of appetite, metabolic and inflammatory processes as well as intestinal movements. From a primarily psychiatric perspective, the present paper reviews the literature on its anatomy, physiology and its involvement in psychiatric, neurological and inflammatory diseases. Finally, recent developments in the pharmacological aspects of CRF in these diseases are reviewed.     

Prefrontal, parietal and basal activation associated with the reordering of a two-element list held in working memory

A functional specialization in the prefrontal cortex along a dorsal-ventral gradient according to the type of processing in working memory, i.e. manipulation vs. maintenance, has been proposed based on previous neuroimaging studies. This seems particularly important for the further understanding of the functional architecture underlying working memory problems in patient populations. The current study examines the prefrontal involvement in the maintenance and manipulation of serial order of elements in working memory, with a task designed to be as simple as possible, to the aim of possible uses in clinical studies. Subjects held two-element ordered lists in memory and were presented with pseudo-random sequences of “reorder” and “maintain” cues. Reorder cues were found to be associated with activation in the dorsal prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex and the basal ganglia. The results show that the simple task was indeed sufficient to evoke the prefrontal activation of interest, add to the information on functional dorsal-ventral specialization in prefrontal cortex and provide support for a prefrontal-parietal monitoring-manipulation network.     

Misrepresentation of UK homicide characteristics in popular culture

The homicide statistics of a popular UK television fictional crime series and the former Lothian & Borders police force region, Scotland were compared. This comparison was used to consider the implications for public attitudes which may influence the adoption of public health interventions to reduce homicide.217 homicides were identified by 105 perpetrators in the television series 'Midsomer Murders' between 1997 and 2011; these were compared to 55 homicides by 53 perpetrators in the regional sample between 2006 and 2011. The numbers of serial killings (p < 0.0001), planned homicides, female perpetrators (p < 0.0001), shootings (p = 0.0456) and poisonings (p = 0.0289) were higher in the fictional sample. Lothian & Borders cases were almost all single killings, mostly unplanned, with a far greater rate of homicide by kitchen knives (p < 0.0001) and hitting/kicking (p = 0.0005) by intoxicated perpetrators.Control of access to pointed kitchen knives by members of certain groups may reduce homicide rates. If the popular perception of UK homicides is influenced by popular culture, the importance of such a public health intervention may not be apparent.     

《上海精神医学》期刊被引分析

目的了解《上海精神医学》在国内精神病学研究方面的影响。方法采用《维普资讯6.2.7》（VIP）检索引用《上海精神医学》数据,并分析其被引的基本情况和被引作者情况以及引文作者的地区分布和引文发表的期刊。结果即年指标以1990年最高;被引的次数、篇数以张明园为最多;引文作者们的地区分布广,引文发表的期刊以核心期刊为多。结论《上海精神医学》在我国精神病学研究中具有一定的影响力。     

从精神医学的角度看图书馆开展阅读治疗存在的问题

目的:从精神医学的专业角度探讨我国阅读治疗存在的问题,如专业人员素质参差不齐、缺乏理论研究和疗效实践研究等。方法:通过检索中英文数据库,查找阅读治疗的相关文献,分析目前阅读治疗的开展情况与存在问题。结果:分析显示从事阅读治疗的指导者缺乏相应的素质与资质,而且在开展阅读治疗实践过程中缺乏标准操作规范、缺乏系统性和专业性的书目;对阅读治疗的理解与实践存在错误认识和操作。结论:提出开展阅读治疗服务的标准化操作规程、阅读治疗指导者资格认定及其他相应对策。