香青藤挥发油化学成分的GC—MS分析

目的用气相色谱GC-MS法对香青藤挥发油进行化学成分的分析。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法从香青藤中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱仪法对化学成分进行鉴定。结果共分离出110个峰,鉴定了其中74个成分,占挥发油总成分的67%。结论香青藤中主要含α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、α-水芹烯、p-甲基,异丙基苯、β-水芹烯、α-没药烯和α-桉叶油醇,含量都在4%以上。该方法稳定可靠,重现性好,适用于香青藤挥发油的化学成分分析。     

甘西鼠尾草和丹参注射液抗大鼠脑缺血及对血液流变学影响的研究

目的 :比较甘西鼠尾草和丹参注射液对脑缺血大鼠脑梗塞体积及对血液流变学的影响。方法 :用大脑中动脉阻断术(MCAO)制作大鼠脑缺血模型 ,采用计算机图像分析仪测定脑梗塞的体积 ,测定血液流变学各项指标 ,在两种药物间进行比较。结果 :两种药物 (6和 12 g/kg)均能明显减少大脑中动脉阻断所致的脑梗塞范围 ,降低大鼠低全血粘度、全血还原粘度以及红细胞压积、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞聚集指数 ,两种药物对血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数均无明显影响。结论 :甘西鼠尾草提取物和丹参注射液可以明显缩小脑缺血大鼠脑梗塞体积 ,并能改善全血粘度等多个血液流变学指标 ,作用基本相同。     

中药复方JHL免疫抑制作用的实验研究

目的：探讨中药复方JHL的免疫抑制作用。方法：以动物移植肿瘤造模的实验方法，观察JHL对S180及Lewis肺癌模型动物的免疫抑制作用。结果：对S180有一定的抑制作用，对Lewis肺癌抑制作用无显著差异。使荷瘤小鼠胸腺明显萎缩；抑制其NK细胞活性；明显增强荷S180小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能。而对Lewis肺癌仅5g/kg剂量可增强其腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能。10g/kg、210g/kg给药组能提高荷S180小鼠脾细胞对ConA反应性，而5g／kg组作用相反；5g／kg、10g/kg降低Lewis肺癌小鼠脾细胞对ConA反应性。对荷瘤小鼠血清溶血素抗体的含量及IL-2水平作用不显著。与环磷酰胺舍用，未见加强其作用。结论：JHL具有良好的免疫抑制作用，是一种颇有希望的免疫抑制剂，对S180有一定抑制作用。     

Effect of aqueous extract of Ajuga iva supplementation on plasma lipid profile and tissue antioxidant status in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet

The present study was designed to explore the possible antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of the aqueous extract of Ajuga iva (0.5% in the diet) in rats fed a high-cholesterol (1%) diet (HCD). The results indicated that the HCD-Ai versus HCD treatment led to many changes in biochemical parameters. They showed a decrease of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and VLDL-cholesterol but an increase of HDL(2)-cholesterol. The triacylglycerol contents were reduced in plasma and in VLDL. The lipid peroxidation determined by TBARS was decreased by 75% in plasma. TBARS in liver, heart and kidneys were highly reduced excepted in the adipose tissue. Ajuga iva treatment enhanced superoxide dismutase activity in liver and kidney. Glutathione reductase activity was lowered in adipose tissue but increased in liver and in kidney. A significant increase was noted in glutathione peroxidase activity in liver, heart and kidney but a low value in adipose tissue was observed. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that in addition to its potent TG and TC-lowering effects, Ajuga iva is effective in improving the antioxidant status by reducing lipid peroxidation in plasma and tissues and enhancing the antioxidant enzymes in rats fed high-cholesterol diet. Furthermore, Ajuga iva may reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption.     

斑蝥素衍生物与铂络合物抗癌活性的实验研究

目的：研究４种斑蝥素衍生物与铂铬合物（斑铂，Ｄｐｔ）对实验动物的抗癌作用，力图开发一种新型的铂族金属抗癌药。方法：以Ｓ１８０肉瘤、Ｈ２２肝癌料体瘤及其腹水瘤小鼠为实验动物，通过腹腔或静脉给予不同剂量的４种化合物Ｄｐｔｌ－１５、Ｄｐｔ５－１０、Ｄｐｔ１２－３、Ｄｐｔ６－２，分别观察药物对小鼠瘤重及存活天数的影响，以顺后为阳性对照，生理盐水为阴性对照。所有数据进行ｔ检验。结果：４种斑铂（Ｄｐｔ１－１５     

应用昆虫病原线虫防治枸杞负泥虫的研究

枸杞负泥虫LemadecempuntataScopoli是药用植物枸杞的重要害虫。我们从它的体背上经常覆盖有茶褐色虫屎的特性考虑，应用昆虫病原线虫进行了防治试验。在室内筛选中发现这种害虫对芫菁夜蛾线虫Steinernemafeltiae及小卷蛾线虫S．carpocapsae十分敏感，感染死亡率达90％以上。在田间防治中，用1500～1600条／mL线虫悬浮液喷在枸杞上，杀虫效果可达70％以上。试验证明，昆虫病原线虫对枸杞负泥虫的防治是具有应用前景的。     

High Proportions of Proinflammatory Bacteria on the Colonic Mucosa in a Young Patient with Ulcerative Colitis as Revealed by Cloning and Sequencing of 16S rRNA Genes

The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unknown. It is thought to be due to an abnormal and uncontrolled immune response to normally occurring constituents of the intestine. Microbial agents appear to be involved in the pathogenesis and intestinal bacteria seem to be an important factor in the development and chronicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the colonic microbiota of a patient with UC. The colonic tissues were taken during surgery from a 12-year-old girl suffering from UC. The microbiota on the colonic samples was studied by cloning and sequencing of amplified 16S rRNA genes. Compared with healthy subjects, alteration of the dominant bacterial group was observed in the UC patient. We found a high incidence of Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides fragilis, and the single phylotype of the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii-like “Butyrate-producing bacterium” L2-6. Furthermore, there was a substantial presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the present case of UC. The high proportion of adverse proinflammatory species is striking in the present case compared with more normal situations. Even if those bacteria are not the cause of the UC, they most probably enhance the symptoms of the disease.     

Comparison between two PCR-based bacterial identification methods through artificial neural network data analysis

The 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and 16S-23S rRNA spacer region genes are commonly used as taxonomic and phylogenetic tools. In this study, two pairs of fluorescent-labeled primers for 16S rRNA genes and one pair of primers for 16S-23S rRNA spacer region genes were selected to amplify target sequences of 317 isolates from positive blood cultures. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of both were then subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis by capillary electrophoresis after incomplete digestion by Hae III. For products of 16S rRNA genes, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis was also performed directly. When the data were processed by artificial neural network (ANN), the accuracy of prediction based on 16S-23S rRNA spacer region gene RFLP data was much higher than that of prediction based on 16S rRNA gene SSCP analysis data (98.0% vs. 79.6%). This study proved that the utilization of ANN as a pattern recognition method was a valuable strategy to simplify bacterial identification when relatively complex data were encountered.     

PKC-betaII sensitizes cardiac myofilaments to Ca2+ by phosphorylating troponin I on threonine-144

Ventricular myocytes express Galphaq-coupled receptors that can mediate enhanced contractility by increasing the sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to Ca(2+). The precise mechanisms underlying this change have been difficult to define, in part because myofilament regulatory proteins contain multiple phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase A (PKA) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), with potentially opposing effects. MLCK increases whereas PKC and PKA have a strong tendency to decrease myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity in myocardium. Here we show in mouse cardiac myocytes that PKC-betaII can increase Ca(2+) sensitivity of tension by a similar magnitude to MLCK but via a distinct mechanism. For PKC-betaII (32)P-incorporation occurred primarily into cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and functional effects were highly dependent upon mutations in phosphorylation sites of cTnI. Replacement of serines-23/24 (PKA sites) with alanine prevented cross-phosphorylation of these sites, reduced (32)P-incorporation into cTnI by half and resulted in myofilament Ca(2+) sensitization rather than desensitization in response to PKC-betaII. Replacement of three additional sites on cTnI, serines-43/45 and threonine-144, eliminated PKC-betaII-mediated Ca(2+) sensitization and the remaining (32)P-incorporation into cTnI. A preference for PKC-betaII phosphorylation of threonine-144 in the intact filament lattice was revealed by differential stable isotope labeling and supported by an analysis of peptide phosphorylation. The results suggest that threonine-144 within the critical inhibitory domain of cTnI represents a novel site of regulation of myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity by PKC-betaII, with possible implications for chronically stressed or diseased hearts.     

糖尿病视网膜病变的药物治疗进展

糖尿病视网膜病变是最常见的糖尿病微血管病变。目前有很多致力于延缓糖尿病视网膜病变的药物研究,包括对肾素-血管紧张素系统阻滞剂、蛋白激酶C抑制剂、血管内皮生长因子抑制剂、生长抑素类似物、抗炎药物、晚期糖基化终末产物抑制剂及醛糖还原酶抑制剂等的研究。本文就近几年在这些方面的研究工作作一综述。