D16S80和D16S125两位点RFLP在多囊肾症状前诊断中的应用

给出了用“混合型”雅可比级数的泰勒平均逼近黎普希兹函数类的点态估计。     

新螯合剂对铍中毒的解毒和促排效果

本文报道了新蟹合剂8102,S186对铍中毒动物的解毒和促排作用,并与811,DTPA 进行比较,大、小鼠BeSO_4中毒后,给予不同剂量的螯合剂解毒,结果表明,8102,S186对铍中毒动物的解毒效果均优于后两种,对大鼠的解毒作用8102优于S186,但S186对小鼠的解毒作用优于8102。螫合剂对大鼠BeSO_4染毒的排铍效果实验结果证明:各螫合剂的排铍效果强弱:8102>S186>811>DTPA。8102和S186对大鼠急性铍中毒有明显的排铍效果,若染毒前1h 或延迟4h 给药,仍有显著的排铍作用,但低于即刻用药组的效果。8102对亚急性染毒带铍状态亦有较高促排铍的作用。     

Triploid origin of the gibel carp as revealed by 5S rDNA localization and chromosome painting

5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was isolated and sequenced from the gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio with 162 chromosomes and crucian carp Carassius auratus with 100 chromosomes, and fluorescent probes for chromosome localization were prepared to ascertain the ploidy origin and evolutionary relationship between the two species. Using fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), major 5S rDNA signals were localized to the short arms of three subtelocentric chromosomes in the gibel carp and to the short arms of two subtelocentrics in the crucian carp. In addition, some minor signals were detected on other chromosomes of both species. Simultaneously, six chromosomes were microdissected from the gibel carp metaphase spreads using glass needles, and the isolated chromosomes were amplified in vitro by degenerate oligonucleotide primed-polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR). Significantly, when the DOP-PCR-generated probes prepared from each single chromosome were hybridized, three same-sized chromosomes were painted in each gibel carp metaphase, whereas only two painted chromosomes were observed in each crucian carp metaphase spread. The data indicate that gibel carp is of triploid origin in comparison with diploid crucian carp.     

Requiring Consent vs. Waiving Consent for Medical Records Research: A Minnesota Law vs. the U.S. (HIPAA) Privacy Rule

The use of medical records in research can yield information that is difficult to obtain by other means. When such records are released to investigators in identifiable form, however, substantial privacy and confidentiality risks may be created. These risks become more common and more serious as medical records move to an electronic format. In 1996, the state of Minnesota enacted legislation with respect to consent requirements for the use of medical records in research. This legislation has been widely criticized because--it is claimed--it creates an unnecessary impediment to research. In this article, we show that these arguments rest upon misinterpretation and/or misrepresentation of the 1996 legislation. A consent requirement had actually been present in Minnesota since 1976 (though codified in a patient rights statute rather than a privacy statute). The 1996 law does not require specific consent, as often claimed, but rather only a general authorization. The campaign against the Minnesota legislation appears to have been motivated by concern with respect to the then impending federal privacy rule. The HIPAA rule, as enacted, is in fact less stringent with respect to consent than the Minnesota consent law. On the other hand, the Minnesota consent law has not been effectively applied or enforced. As we change the way we manage sensitive medical information, new efforts are needed to provide protection against the confidentiality risks in research. Patient consent is an important tool in this regard. New instrumentalities are needed to solicit and document consent.     

Total and free tissue factor pathway inhibitor in pregnancy hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the role played by tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) in pregnancy hypertension. METHODS: Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, hemostatic measurements were obtained for women with pre-eclampsia (n=51), nonproteinuric hypertension of pregnancy (n=62), postpartum pre-eclampsia 24 h after childbirth (n=31), and no hypertension (healthy pregnant controls, n=100). RESULTS: There was a significant increase in circulating free TFPI levels in women with pre-eclampsia (9.7+/-6.2 ng/mL) or nonproteinuric hypertension of pregnancy (8.3+/-5.3 ng/mL) compared with healthy controls (5.3+/-2.1 ng/mL). In women with pre-eclampsia the levels remained elevated after placental delivery (10.6+/-4.0 ng/mL). Free protein S levels were significantly higher in women with pre-eclampsia (40.0%+/-10.7%), nonproteinuric hypertension of pregnancy (37.1%+/-12.5%), or postpartum pre-eclampsia (39.3%+/-9.1%) than in healthy pregnant controls (32.2%+/-8.5%). CONCLUSION: Increased levels of the physiologically active free forms of TFPI and free protein S, 2 coagulation inhibitors, may protect women with pregnancy-induced hypertension from the risks of hemostatic activation.     

地塞米松对内毒素作用下人脐静脉内皮细胞表达组织因子、凝血酶调节蛋白和蛋白S的影响

目的观察地塞米松(DEX)对内毒素(LPS)作用于人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)后表达组织因子(TF)、凝血酶调节蛋白(TM)和蛋白S(PS)的影响.方法24孔板培养的第1～5代HUVEC,在含不同浓度LPS和DEX的无血清培养基中培养一定时间后裂解细胞,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定裂解液中的TF、TM和PS含量.结果在LPS刺激下,HUVEC表达TF的量呈剂量依赖性升高,在LPS0.1μg/ml下TF的表达量为对照组的4倍(P＜0.01),同时加入0.5 μg/ml和1.0 μg/ml DEX则可使TF的表达量由128.3±25.7 pg/105细胞分别降至94.9±19.4 pg/105细胞和98.8±7.8 pg/105细胞(P＜0.05);LPS(0.01～10μg/ml)可抑制HUVEC表达TM,在LPS 10 μg/ml下,TM表达量降至对照组的60%(P＜0.05).DEX可拮抗LPS抑制HUVEC表达TM的效应,0.1 μg/ml、0.5 μg/ml和1.0 μg/ml DEX可使LPS(10 μg/ml)作用下TM的表达量由0.282±0.014 ng/105细胞分别增至0.409±0.009、0.462±0.017和0.362±0.019 ng/105细胞(P＜0.05);LPS(0～10 μg/ml)可抑制HUVEC表达PS,在LPS浓度1.0 μg/ml及10 μg/ml时,PS的表达量分别为对照组的43%和38%(P＜0.01).DEX则拮抗LPS抑制HUVEC表达PS的效应,0.5 μg/ml DEX可使LPS刺激下PS的表达量由13.1±4.8%/2×105细胞增至48.5±10.2%/2×105细胞(P＜0.01).结论LPS促进HUVEC表达TF,抑制HUVEC表达TM和PS.DEX能部分拮抗上述作用,提示DEX可能纠正内毒素血症时的高凝状态.     

A case report of deficiency in an inhibitor of calcium-dependent association of protein S with C4B-binding protein suggested by a modified crossed immunoelectrophoresis

We have experienced a coagulation factor VIII-deficient patient whose plasma has normal protein S (PS) activity and masses of free PS and its bound form in complex with C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Although the patient's plasma showed a normal ratio of free PS to PS-C4BP complex in the presence of 5 mM EDTA, the plasma gave an abnormally retarding major C4BP peak together with a major PS peak in the crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in the presence of 2 mM CaCl₂. It was revealed that the major peak was formed by a mixture of PS-C4BP complex and free form. The addition of normal human plasma (NHP) to the patient's plasma inhibited the retardation of the major PS-C4BP complex. These suggest that the patient's plasma lacks some component(s) to inhibit Ca²⁺-dependent association of PS with C4BP.     

Protein carbonyls are acutely elevated following single set anaerobic exercise in resistance trained men

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a single set of strenuous squat exercise would result in an acute oxidative stress, as demonstrated previously by a single sprint. Thirteen resistance trained men performed one set of 15 repetitions of barbell squats using 70% of one repetition maximum and a 30 s maximal cycle sprint on two different occasions. The total work performed was calculated for each exercise bout. Heart rate, perceived exertion, blood lactate, protein carbonyls, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and malondialdehyde were measured before and within 1 min following exercise. No differences were noted between the squat and sprint tests for total work, heart rate or perceived exertion. An exercise test by time interaction was evident for blood lactate with values greater following sprinting compared to squatting (P = 0.0005). Postexercise protein carbonyls were not different between exercise tests but were elevated above rest (P = 0.04) by 111% and 74% following sprinting and squatting, respectively, while 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde were relatively unaffected by either exercise test. These data indicate that a single bout of strenuous squatting and sprinting performed by resistance trained men results in elevated protein carbonyls, while having little impact on 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine or malondialdehyde during the immediate postexercise period.     

长链核酸扩增技术评价病毒灭活效果的研究

目的:探讨用长链核酸扩增技术评价病毒灭活效果的可行性.方法:针对伪狂犬病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)糖蛋白gD基因前后的保守区设计预计产物长短不一的5对引物,用半巢式PCR技术扩增经低pH法(4.0±0.1)、巴氏消毒法[(60±1.0)℃]和s/D法(有机溶剂/洗涤荆)处理后的PRV核酸,同时以细胞感染法做平行对照.结果:低pH对PRV核酸有破坏作用,处理时间越长,核酸损伤程度越明显,处理60 min时,6.62 lgTCID50的PRV完全被灭活.5条不同长度PCR扩增产物中,只有3.9 kb的长片段检出与细胞培养结果一致.7.25 lgTCID50的PRV经(60±1.0)℃处理20 min后即被完全灭活,7.13 lgTCID50的PRV经s/D法处理1 h后被完全灭活,但各长度核酸片段扩增均为阳性,与细胞感染试验结果不符.结论:低pH对PRV核酸的损伤程度随处理时间的延长而增加;用长链PCR(3.9 kb)技术来评价经低pH法灭活病毒的效果是可行的,而该法不适合评价巴氏消毒法和S/D法灭活病毒的效果.