腹腔镜胃癌根治手术的学习曲线

目的探讨腹腔镜胃癌根治手术的学习曲线。方法回顾分析2004年3月~2006年2月由同一组医师完成的100例腹腔镜胃癌根治手术的临床资料。按手术先后次序分为4组(A、B、C、D),每组25例,比较各组的手术时间、出血量、淋巴结清扫总数、中转开腹率、并发症。A组手术在8个月内完成,平均每月3.1例,B组平均每月4.2例,C组平均每月6.3例,D组平均每月8.3例。结果4组病例在年龄、性别、病理分期和手术方式等方面有可比性。A、B组的手术时间分别为(230±45)min、(210±42)min,显著长于C组(180±38)min和D组(165±34)min(P<0.05);A、B组的出血量分别为(328±150)ml、(278±137)ml,显著多于C组(150±90)ml和D组(140±83)ml(P<0.05)。中转开腹率由A组的24%(6/25)、B组的20%(5/25)下降到C组的8%(2/25)、D组的4%(1/25)(χ2=5.446,P=0.155)。4组淋巴结清扫个数、并发症发生率无显著差异。结论腹腔镜胃癌根治手术的学习曲线大致为50例。     

The effect of robotic assistance on learning curves for basic laparoscopic skills

BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that laparoscopic tasks performed with ZEUS robotic assistance would be done with greater precision and with a different learning curve than when performed in a standard laparoscopic trainer. METHODS: Participants were divided into the surgically experienced (n = 11) and the surgically naive (n = 17). Two laparoscopic tasks (bead transfer and rope pass) were repeated for five repetitions. RESULTS: For all drills and participants, completion time and error rate decreased across the five repetitions for each platform. Precision averaged 97% for both platforms over all drills. For both groups, completion time for tasks was shorter on the laparoscopic platform. ZEUS allowed for greater consistency in performance. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with performance on a standard laparoscopic trainer, robotic assistance allows for increasing speed and consistency while maintaining precision over multiple repetitions. Understanding how robotics affects learning curves will allow for modifications in the training experience with this new technology.     

胎脑组织移植对额叶皮质损伤后基底前脑胆碱能神经元变性的影响

目的：观察胎脑组织移植对额叶皮质损伤后大鼠基底前脑胆碱能神经元变性的影响。方法：用外科手术破坏大鼠双侧额叶皮质8d后，将胎脑组织移植到预制脑创腔内。3个月后，用Y型迷宫检测动物的学习、记忆机能，用组织化学方法检测基底前脑含乙酰胆碱脂酶（AChE)活性神经元，并与对照组比较。结果：双侧额叶皮质损伤后动物的学习、记忆能力明显下降，基底前脑胆碱能神经元明显减少，与正常组比较，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）和差异有极显著性（P＜0．01）。胎脑组织移植后3个月，双侧额叶皮质受损动物的学习、记忆机能明显改善，基底前脑胆碱能神经元数量明显增加，与对照组比较，差异有性（P＜0．05）。结论：胎脑组织移植可有效地预防双侧额叶皮质受损大鼠的学习、记忆机能的下降和基底前脑胆碱能神经元数量的减少。     

The ‘Draw‐the‐Family Test’ in the preoperative assessment of patients with anorectal diseases and psychological distress: a prospective controlled study

Aim Some benign anorectal diseases may have psychosomatic aetiology, but patients often refuse direct psychological counselling. The Draw‐the‐Family Test (DFT) is a simple indirect investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the DFT in patients with psychological problems undergoing surgery for benign anorectal disease and to correlate the results with surgical outcome. Method DFT was administered prior to surgery to 62 patients with benign anorectal disease who admitted psychological problems at the time of the outpatient visit. Of these 18 (29%) had functional disease, mainly obstructed defecation (OD) while 44 (71%) had organic disease (haemorrhoids, fissures, pilonidal sinus or fistula). DFT was also administered to 40 healthy control subjects. Each DFT was judged as normal or pathological according to 10 parameters. Patients were followed up for a median of 12 months (range 3–64) and divided into two outcome groups, success (n = 58) and failure (n = 12) according to the results of a questionnaire. The DFT of all patients was then correlated with the outcome. Results None of the patients refused DFT. All DFT parameters but one (animal/things instead of human beings) were more frequent in patients compared with controls (P < 0.05). When comparing separately organic or functional disease patients with controls, one parameter (absence of patient in the drawing) was only pathological in the organic disease group (P < 0.05). Another parameter (schematic figures) was more frequently altered in the organic disease group compared with the functional disease group (P = 0.01). Eight out of 10 parameters were more frequently pathological in patients who failed after treatment, but none reached statistical significance. Conclusion Results of DFT in patients with anorectal disease admitting to psychological problems are markedly different from healthy controls. Patients with organic disease and those with functional bowel disease have different DFT profiles. In our study group, DFT had an excellent compliance but could not predict the outcome of surgery.     

Portal Setup: the Key Point in the Learning Curve for Hip Arthroscopy Technique

ObjectiveTo analyze the learning curve experience of hip arthroscopy based on patient demographics, surgical time, portal setup time, and postoperative complications and to find the key point in the learning curve.MethodsFrom May 2016 to February 2019, a prospective study on the learning curve experience of hip arthroscopy was performed in our hospital. We evaluated the first 50 consecutive hip arthroscopy procedures performed by a single surgeon. There were nine females and 41 males with a mean age of 30.8 years. We divide the patients into early group and late group according to the date of their operation, with each group including 25 patients. Data on patient demographics, types of procedure, surgical time, portal setup time, and postoperative complications were collected. Functional scores were assessed with the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS).ResultsPatients were followed up for 16.4 months on average (range, 13–27 months). The early group of patients had a mean age of 35.2 years and the late group a mean age of 26.5 years. The most common procedures performed for the early group were debridement (17 patients, 68%), and in the late group, most patients underwent labral repair (18 patients, 72%). Mean total surgical time was 168 min for the early group and 143 min for the late group, and there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. The portal setup time in the early group and late group was 40.2 ± 12.4 min and 18.5 ± 6.2 min, respectively (P < 0.001), and the portal setup time was significantly longer in the early group. Further analysis of the learning curve of portal setup showed that the average portal setup time was not statistically significant changed after 30 cases. There were six complications including iatrogenic cartilage injury and iatrogenic labrum injury in the early group and five complications including perineal crush injury and nerve stretch injury in the late group. The functional score of patients in the late group was significantly higher than that in the early group during follow‐up.ConclusionThe steep learning curve of hip arthroscopy is mainly caused by the challenge of portal setup and portalrelated complications were more common in the early group than in the late group. Surgical time is not an effective indicator for evaluating progress on the learning curve of hip arthroscopy.     

Predictive Value of Immune Cell Functional Assay for Non-Cytomegalovirus Infection in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study

IntroductionImmune cell functional assay (ImmuKnow®) is a non-invasive method that measures the state of cellular immunity in immunosuppressed patients. We studied the prognostic value of the assay for predicting non-cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in lung transplant recipients.MethodsA multicenter prospective observational study of 92 patients followed up from 6 to 12 months after transplantation was performed. Immune cell functional assay was carried out at 6, 8, 10, and 12 months.ResultsTwenty-three patients (25%) developed 29 non-CMV infections between 6 and 12 months post-transplant. At 6 months, the immune response was moderate (ATP 225–525 ng/mL) in 14 (15.2%) patients and low (ATP < 225 ng/mL) in 78 (84.8%); no patients had a strong response (ATP ≥ 525 ng/mL). Only 1 of 14 (7.1%) patients with a moderate response developed non-CMV infection in the following 6 months compared with 22 of 78 (28.2%) patients with low response, indicating sensitivity of 95.7%, specificity of 18.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 28.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.9% (AUC 0.64; p = 0.043). Similar acute rejection rates were recorded in patients with mean ATP ≥ 225 vs. <225 ng/mL during the study period (7.1% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.81).ConclusionAlthough ImmuKnow® does not seem useful to predict non-CMV infection, it could identify patients with a very low risk and help us define a target for an optimal immunosuppression.     

The Overlap of Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome and Overactive Bladder

Objective:

We evaluated the prevalence of positive potassium sensitivity and cystoscopy with hydrodistention findings in patients with overactive bladder.

Method:

This was a prospective cohort study of 98 patients who presented with overactive bladder symptoms. The diagnosis of overactive bladder is established by the presence of irritable voiding symptoms. All patients completed a PUF questionnaire and underwent potassium sensitivity testing. Eighty patients underwent urodynamic testing, and 42 patients underwent cystoscopic hydrodistention while under general anesthesia.

Results:

The Potassium Sensitivity Test was positive in 59 (60.2%) of the 98 patients, 37 (56%) of wet overactive bladder patients, and 22 (68.8%) of dry overactive bladder patients. Their mean PUF score was 7. Thirty-three (78.5%) of the patients who underwent cystoscopic hydrodistention had glomerulations consistent with NIH criteria for interstitial cystitis, and 26 of these patients tested positive for potassium sensitivity. Fifty-one (63.8%) of the patients who underwent urodynamics tested positive for potassium sensitivity.

Conclusion:

Many patients with symptoms of overactive bladder with little or no pain have cystoscopic evidence of interstitial cystitis and a positive Potassium Sensitivity Test. Therapies directed toward the uroepithelial dysfunction and neural upregulation associated with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome may be an important adjunct for patients who have failed or have had a partial response to anticholinergic therapy and behavior modification.     

腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术学习曲线研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治术的学习曲线.方法 回顾分析2010年12月-2012年12月由同一术者完成的120例腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治手术的临床资料.按手术先后次序分为3组（A、B、C组各40例）,比较各组术中情况（手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫总数、中转开腹例数）及术后恢复情况（肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、并发症例数）.结果 与A组相比,B、C组手术时间短[A、B、C组分别为（287.8±34.9）、（200.6±21.2）、（201.8±27.7）min,F=125 012,P=0.000],术中出血量少[A、B、C组分别为（143.8±67.2）、（68.8±27.8）、（67.5±27.2）ml,F=38.018,P=0.000],淋巴结清扫数量多[A、B、C组分别为（18.3±3.4）、（25.8±4.6）、（26.3±4.9）个,F=43.047,P=0.000].B、C组之间差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）.3组肛门排气时间、术后住院时间、并发症发生率差异无显著性（P〉0.05）.结论在进行40例手术后,可完成腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌根治手术的学习曲线.     

肝功与血清学指标水平检验在脂肪肝诊断中的应用

目的：为提高临床脂肪肝诊断准确度,探究血清学、肝功指标水平检验在疾病诊断中的作用。方法方便选取该院2015年5月―2016年11月期间诊治的48名经诊断为脂肪肝患者为观察组,同时随机选取48名入院健康检查正常者为对照组。抽取两组研究对象静脉血,对脂肪肝患者与正常者血清学、肝功指标水平变化情况进行检测比较。结果观察组AST (314.25±23.28﹚U/L、ALT (307.46±18.56﹚U/L、ALB/GLB (5.14±0.82﹚、STB (56.14±17.23﹚μmol/L、TP (117.5±13.65﹚U/L水平明显高于对照组AST(49.67±5.38﹚U/L、ALT(39.85±5.24﹚U/L、ALB/GLB(1.47±0.45﹚、STB(11.85±4.76﹚μmol/L、TP (69.72±3.27﹚g/L,P<0.05;观察组 LDL-C (3.86±0.86﹚mmol/L、TC (6.47±0.28﹚mmol/L、TG (2.85±0.32﹚mmol/L水平明显高于对照组LDL-C(2.61±0.24﹚mmol/L、TC(5.08±0.19﹚mmol/L、TG(1.97±0.38﹚mmol/L,P<0.05,观察组HDL-C(1.82±0.56﹚mmol/L水平与对照组(1.71±0.32﹚mmol/L水平比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论血清学、肝功指标水平临床对脂肪肝患者诊断,准确性高能有效反应患者肝脏是否受损。