CT联合经皮穿刺活检在小细胞肺癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨CT联合经皮肺部穿刺活检在小细胞肺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析65例小细胞肺癌患者的CT诊断及病理学检查资料。结果65例患者中,CT确诊51例（78．46％）,经皮肺部穿刺活检确诊55例（84．62％）,CT＋经皮肺部穿刺活检确诊62例（95．38％）。其中病灶位于右肺34例,左肺29例,纵隔内2例;中央型肺癌49例（75．38％）,周围型肺癌16例（24．62％）。结论CT联合经皮肺部穿刺活检是诊断小细胞肺癌的有效方法,对小细胞肺癌的早期发现,早期治疗,以及提高患者的生存期和生存质量具有十分重要的临床意义。     

Olfactory enseathing glia enhances reentry of axons into the brain from peripheral nerve grafts bridging the substantia nigra with the striatum

Reconstruction of lost axonal pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) is possible with the use of peripheral nerve grafts (PNG). However, these permit the entry of axons, while their reentry back into the CNS is compromised. Olfactory enseathing glia (OEG) may permit this reentry of axons if cografted with PNG. We compared the number of tyrosine-hydroxylase positive (TH+) fibers reinnervating PNGs and crossing the graft–striatum interface in PNG placed between the substantia nigra and the striatum in rats receiving both PNG and OEGs and animals receiving PNG only. More TH fibers were seen inside the grafts when OEG was cografted. Although the number of fibers decreases along the graft's length, this effect is less severe when OEG is present. TH+ fibers are seen crossing the PNG–striatum interface in the OEG group. This is correlated with a higher synaptic density at the striatum near the graft when OEG is co-grafted. While these results must be replicated in animal models of Parkinsonism, their implications may apply both to the treatment of Parkinson's disease and to other pathologies, such as spinal cord lesions, where regeneration of long axonal pathways is necessary.     

Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in the striatum of non-human primates: dysregulation following chronic cocaine self-administration

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of a treadmill training program on regeneration in young (3-month-old) and mature (13-month-old) rats with sciatic nerve crush using functional, electrophysiological, and morphometric analyses. When compared to both the young and mature untrained injury groups, those groups that underwent a treadmill training showed improved sensorimotor function evaluated by narrow beam test (p < 0.04 and p < 0.001, respectively), while muscle action potential amplitude was only greater in the young group (p < 0.02). The treadmill training program was able to reduce myelinated fiber density in the young group (p < 0.001), which appeared to increase after nerve injury (poly-innervation), but decreased with training, which means that the innervation became more functional. The data indicate that treadmill training is able to promote functional, electrophysiological and morphological recovery in young animals. However, in mature animals, improvement was only seen in terms of functional recovery.     

Multi-ligament instability after early dislocation of a primary total knee replacement — Case report

Peripheral nerve blocks have found increased popularity in providing prolonged post-operative analgesia following total knee replacement surgery. They generally provide effective analgesia with fewer complications than epidurals.This report describes an acute low-energy knee dislocation after a well balanced, fixed bearing, cruciate-retaining primary total knee replacement performed under a spinal anaesthetic with combined complimentary femoral and sciatic nerve blocks. The dislocation was not accompanied by neurovascular compromise. Due to the subsequent instability and injury to both collaterals, the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral corner structures, the knee was treated with a rotating-hinge revision total knee replacement.The dislocation occurred whilst the peripheral nerve blocks (PNB) were still working. We review our incidence of PNB related complications and conclude that PNB remain a safe and effective analgesia for total knee replacements. However, we advocate that ward staff and patients should be sufficiently educated to ensure that unaided post-operative mobilisation is prevented until such a time that patients have regained complete voluntary muscle control.     

Peripheral nerve stimulation: lead position monitoring by reconstruction CT angiography—A technical report

Background  The authors investigated the possibility of improving positioning of stimulation leads in patients with chronic neuropathic peripheral nerve pain and good pain relief from implantation of a peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS). Methods  This pilot study includes four patients suffering from Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome type II (CRPS II) or neuropathic mononeuropathy treated with PNS therapy. The affected extremities and corresponding implantation sites were examined using computer tomographic scans (CT), additional CT angiography (CTA), reconstruction techniques and postprocessing procedures. Results  It was possible to prove a close relation between the implanted device and the neurovascular bundle in each of these cases. Thus, indirect lead position control was obtained. Conclusions  Computer tomographic techniques represent a reliable method for the position control of implanted peripheral nerve electrodes. Hence, this procedure should surpass general radiographies in detecting lead displacements.     

同种异体移植嗅黏膜胶质细胞修复鼠神经缺损

)浓度及神经丝蛋白(NF)浓度评估神经缺损的修复效果.结果 B组神经缺损完全再生,而A组较差;荧光红在神经中运行距离,B组长于A组(P<0.01);NGF及GFAP浓度,B组浓于A组;MBP浓度及NF浓度,B组高于A组(P<0.01);伤肢功能评分,B组高于A组(P<0.01).有髓神经纤维数和神经纤维总数,B组高于A组(P<0.01).结论 嗅黏膜胶质细胞移植能促进Wistar鼠坐骨神经长段缺损再生.     

踝肱指数评价高血压患者下肢动脉病变的临床意义

目的用踝肱指数（ABI）评价高血压患者下肢外周动脉疾病（PAD）发病情况及相关危险因素。方法采用日本欧姆龙全自动动脉硬化检测仪VP-1000对80例高血压患者进行ABI测定,以ABI≤0.9为异常,分成PAD组和非PAD组,比较两组病人的年龄、病程、体重指数（BMI）及空腹血脂、血糖、肾功能和高敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）等生化指标,并比较两组共患病情况及吸烟率等指标。结果检出高血压患者下肢血管病变28例（35.0%）,其中无症状者12例。PAD组患者年龄大、病程长,hs-CRP明显升高,且PAD组合并糖尿病（DM）比例升高,和非PAD组比较,有显著性统计学差异（P〈0.01）;PAD组患者甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹血糖（FBG）升高,且合并冠心病（CHD）、吸烟者比例升高,和非PAD组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论ABI可用于早期诊断高血压患者下肢血管病变,炎症可能参与了下肢动脉病变的发生、发展。ABI降低是心血管疾病的独立预测因子。     

Surgical outcomes of lateral approach for jugular foramen schwannoma: postoperative facial nerve and lower cranial nerve functions

The lateral surgical approach to jugular foramen schwannomas (JFS) may result in complications such as temporary facial nerve palsy (FNP) and hearing loss due to the complicated anatomical location. Ten patients with JFS surgically treated by variable methods of lateral approach were retrospectively reviewed with emphasis on surgical methods, postoperative FNP, and lower cranial nerve status. Gross total removal of the tumors was achieved in eight patients. Facial nerves were rerouted at the first genu (1G) in six patients and at the second genu in four patients. FNP of House–Brackmann (HB) grade III or worse developed immediately postoperatively in six patients regardless of the extent of rerouting. The FNP of HB grade III persisted for more than a year in one patient managed with rerouting at 1G. Among the lower cranial nerves, the vagus nerve was most frequently paralyzed preoperatively and lower cranial nerve palsies were newly developed in two patients. The methods of the surgical approach to JFS can be modified depending on the size and location of tumors to reduce injury of the facial nerve and loss of hearing. Careful manipulation and caution are also required for short facial nerve rerouting as well as for long rerouting to avoid immediately postoperative FNP.     

Comparison of collagen biomatrix and omentum effectiveness on peripheral nerve regeneration

Despite the presence of various nerve coaptation materials and techniques, achievement of the functional nerve regeneration is still inadequate. This study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of conduit composed of collagen biomatrix and omentum graft on peripheral nerve regeneration. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. In the control group, the right sciatic nerve was skeletonized from the sciatic notch till the point of bifurcation. In the primary epineural repair group, the nerve was transected 1 cm proximal to the bifurcation with a sharp pair of micro scissors and then repaired with four epineural sutures. In the collagen biomatrix group, the epineural repaired nerve was wrapped with collagen biomatrix. In the collagen group, the epineural repaired nerve was wrapped with the nonpediculated omentum. Assessment of the nerve regeneration was based on functional (Walking Track Analysis, Electrophysiological Measurements), histological, and morphometric criteria. Light and electron microscopic examinations showed that collagen-biomatrix-wrapped specimens have the best regeneration. The electrophysiological study confirmed the recovery of electrical activity in the regenerated axons.