Latex allergy in infants younger than 1 year

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of latex allergy in children is increasing worldwide. Previous multiple operations or atopic predisposition are known risk factors. In contrast, only sporadic cases of latex allergy have been reported in infants younger than 1 year, and the causative latex-containing products or symptoms in young infants have not been studied in detail. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to analyse the symptoms and risk factors of latex allergy in young infants. METHODS: Cases of latex allergy in infants younger than 1 year were studied in detail. Clinical course, causative latex-containing products were spotted and detailed analysis for latex allergy in patients and patients' parents was performed. CONCLUSION: We report nine cases of latex allergy in infants younger than 1 year. None of them have any abnormality or previous operations. Six patients had atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome, one patient had bronchial asthma, whereas two patients had no overt allergic diseases. Symptoms of latex allergy were wheezing, swelling of face or lips, facial rash, or anaphylaxis, and causative latex-containing products were teat, pacifier, nose cleaner, teether, balloon, or enema tube. All of the nine patients had positive skin prick test to latex and extract from causative latex-containing products, whereas eight patients had positive serum latex-specific IgE. Study for family history revealed that latex allergy was noted in either father or mother in six patients, in both father and mother in one patient, whereas no latex allergy was noted in parents in two patients. It should be noted that all of these patients had latex-induced symptoms at home. Latex allergy in young infants may not be unusual. Physicians should be aware of latex allergy, and care should be taken to avoid contact with latex in young infants, especially when there is family history for latex allergy.     

新辅助化疗对结直肠癌的作用

目的探讨短程5-FU/CF方案新辅助化疗对结直肠癌细胞凋亡、增殖和p53表达以及术后并发症和预后的影响。方法分别采用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）和免疫组化SP法检测68例患者结直肠癌组织的细胞凋亡指数（AI）和ki-67增殖指数（PI）及凋亡相关基因p53的表达,并比较新辅助化疗组和对照组患者术后并发症的发生情况和预后情况。结果新辅助化疗组肿瘤细胞的AI均数为3.56%,明高于对照组的2.29%（P〈0.01）,PI均数为22.60%明显低于对照组的33.60%（P〈0.01）,p53阳性表达率为28.9%（11/38）明显低于对照组的56.7%（17/30）（P〈0.05）。两组中大肠癌细胞的AI与PI均呈负相关（r=-0.790,r=-0.663）（P〈0.01）。两组术后并发症的发生差异无显著性（P〈0.05）。两组的复发转移率和复发转移平均时间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论短程5-FU/CF方案新辅助化疗可以显著诱导结直肠癌细胞凋亡,并抑制其增殖;降低结直肠癌组织p53的阳性表达率,而不增加术后并发症的发生,能延缓和减少结直肠癌术后的复发转移。     

乳腺癌患者外周血EMA和EGP-2mRNA的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨上皮膜抗原(EMA)和表皮糖蛋白基因(EGP-2)在乳腺癌患者外周血中的表达及其与肿瘤微转移的关系. 方法采用RT-PCR方法检测53例乳腺癌患者(乳癌组)和24例乳腺良性疾病患者(良性病组)EMA和EGP-2mRNA在外周血中的表达,并分析其与临床指标之间的关系. 结果乳癌组外周血EMA和EGP-2mRNA的表达率分别为33.96%和28.30%,而在良性病组外周血表达率分别为0和4.17%,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).EMA和EGP-2mRNA的检出率与腋窝淋巴结转移、TNM分期等临床参数呈正相关;EMA和EGP-2mRNA联合检测敏感度和准确性在乳腺癌组分别为52.83%和66.23%,相对于EPG-2 mRNA单项检测敏感度及准确性有明显升高,但与EMA mRNA无统计学差异.结论 EMA和EGP-2联合检测时准确性明显升高,故两者可作为标志物检测乳腺癌患者外周血微转移,有可能对乳腺癌的疗效和预后判断有意义.     

多聚酶链反应检测细菌DNA对大鼠空、回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断价值

目的:探讨PCR检测大鼠外周血及腹水中细菌DNA对空肠-空肠、回肠-回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断价值。方法:健康Wistar雌性大鼠50只，随机分成5组，每组10只：A组为假手术组;B组为空肠-空肠吻合组;C组为空肠吻合口瘘组;D组为回肠-回肠吻合组;E组为回肠吻合口瘘组。采集手术前后外周血及术后腹水，抽提DNA, 比较lacZ基因和16SrRNA基因的PCR阳性率，并观察各组的病理学情况。结果:（1）C，E组术后外周血lacZ基因PCR阳性率与B，D组无显著性差异（P>0.05）;C，E组术后外周血16SrRNA基因PCR阳性率显著高于B，D组（P<0.05）。（2）C，E组腹水lacZ基因和16SrRNA基因PCR阳性率均显著高于B，D组（P<0.05）。（3）C，E组腹水lacZ基因阳性率显著高于外周血（P<0.05）;C，E组腹水16SrRNA基因阳性率与外周血无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论:（1）PCR检测术后外周血16SrRNA基因对空、回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断有一定意义;（2）检测术后腹水lacZ基因和16SrRNA基因对空肠-空肠、回肠-回肠吻合口瘘的早期诊断也有一定意义。     

短发卡RNA对人胃癌细胞STAT3基因的沉默作用

目的:探讨STAT3基因小发夹RNA（shRNA）表达质粒对胃癌MKN-45细胞STAT3基因的干扰作用。方法:根据STAT3 mRNA 编码序列，设计RNA干扰靶点，构建STAT3基因的特异性小RNA干扰质粒（psiRNA-H1/STAT3），使用脂质体转染人胃癌细胞系（MKN-45细胞）。实验分为对照（A）组，psiRNA-H1转染（B）组和psiRNA-H1/STAT3转染（C）组。通过RT-PCR和Western Blot检测STAT3特异性小RNA干扰基因对胃癌细胞STAT3基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。结果:psiRNA-H1/STAT3经限制性酶切及部分序列分析证明基因插入正确，并经测序证实。将其成功转染MKN-45细胞后，该细胞的STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表达均明显下降(P<0.05)。 结论:将成功构建的针对STAT3基因的shRNA表达载体转染MKN-45细胞，能有效抑制该细胞的STAT3 mRNA和蛋白表达，为STAT3基因靶向治疗提供一定的实验依据。     

经峡部径路行甲状腺手术的术式改进

目的探讨经峡部径路行甲状腺手术的临床价值。方法回顾性分析10年间575l例行甲状腺手术患者的临床资料。按手术方式分为两组：经峡部径路甲状腺切除术的3288例为改良组；同期施行传统切除术式的2463例为常规组。比较两种手术方式对手术时间、术中出血、术后引流及并发症的影响。结果改良组手术时间较常规组明显缩短（P〈0．01），术中出血量、喉返神经神经损伤率、术后气管局部不适及低钙血症的发生率明显减少（P〈0．01），术后引流量减少（P〈0．05），患者对手术耐受性好，术后出血发生率两组无统计学差异。结论经峡部径路行甲状腺手术可明显缩短手术时间；减少术中出血量，以及降低喉返神经损伤、术后出血、低钙血症等并发症的发生。     

BRMS1在不同转移性乳腺癌细胞中的表达及其与HDAC活性的关系

目的:探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因（BRMS1）在不同转移性乳腺癌细胞中的表达及其与组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）活性的关系和意义。方法:采用 RT-PCR技术检测3种细胞株〔非转移性MCF-7(A株)，低转移性MDA-MB-453（B株），高转移性MDA-MB-231（C株）〕中BRMS1基因的表达。用Western blot检测在上述3种细胞株中BRMS1蛋白的表达。ELISA检测3种细胞株中HDAC的活性。结果:(1) 在A，B，C 3种细胞株中BRMS1 基因表达依次比例为3.1∶2.0∶1.0。C细胞株比A细胞株BRMS1基因表达降低2.1倍，BRMS1 基因表达随转移程度的增高而明显降低（P＜0. 001)。(2)在A，B，C 3种细胞株中BRMS1蛋白表达依次比例为3.2∶1.9∶1.0。C细胞株比A细胞株BRMS1蛋白表达降低2.2倍，BRMS1随转移程度的增高而明显降低（P＜0. 001)。(3)A，B，C 3种细胞株中HDAC活性依次比例为1.0∶1. 8∶2.6。C细胞株比A细胞株HDAC活性增高1.6倍，随转移程度的增高HDAC活性升高（P＜0. 001)。结论:（1）BRMS1基因和蛋白的表达在3种细胞株中随转移程度的增高而呈递减趋势。（2）HDAC活性在3种细胞株中随转移潜能的增高而呈递增趋势;提示BRMS1可能通过参与调节HDAC活性调控乳腺癌的转移。     

Three-dimensional recording of the human face with a 3D laser scanner.

Three-dimensional recording of the surface of the human body or of certain anatomical areas has gained an ever increasing importance in recent years. When recording living surfaces, such as the human face, not only has a varying degree of surface complexity to be accounted for, but also a variety of other factors, such as motion artefacts. It is of importance to establish standards for the recording procedure, which will optimise results and allow for better comparison and validation. In the study presented here, the faces of five male test persons were scanned in different experimental settings using non-contact 3D digitisers, type Minolta Vivid 910). Among others, the influence of the number of scanners used, the angle of recording, the head position of the test person, the impact of the examiner and of examination time on accuracy and precision of the virtual face models generated from the scanner data with specialised software were investigated. Computed data derived from the virtual models were compared to corresponding reference measurements carried out manually between defined landmarks on the test persons' faces. We describe experimental conditions that were of benefit in optimising the quality of scanner recording and the reliability of three-dimensional surface imaging. However, almost 50% of distances between landmarks derived from the virtual models deviated more than 2mm from the reference of manual measurements on the volunteers' faces.     

赖型钩端螺旋体重组DNApCX7的特异性鉴定和限制性内切酶谱分析

本实验将赖型钩端螺旋体（简称钩体）ＤＮＡ基因库的克隆ｐＣＸ７制备成￣（３２）Ｐ－重组ＤＮＡ探针，对８个不同血清群的１７株问号状钩体、双曲钩体ＰａｔｏｃⅠ株以及细螺旋体３０５５株ＤＮＡ进行打点杂交；同时用１５种ＤＮＡ片断进行限制性内切酶谱分析。结果表明，该重组ＤＮＡ具有问号状钩体种（Ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ）特异性，但与不同问号状钩体之间的同源性程度有差别；限制性内切酶谱分析发现ｐＣＸ７重组ＤＮＡ片段长约１．７ｋｂ，具有１个Ｂｇ１Ⅱ识别位点和３个ＢｓｔＢ１识别位点。     

大鼠子宫内膜抗菌成分的初步分析

作者以１％乙酸冲洗ＳＤ大鼠子宫内膜，获得子宫内膜酸溶性提取物。利用琼脂糖弥散法和电泳凝胶琼脂糖弥散法抗菌试验发现，子宫内膜提取物有三条主蛋白带对致病性大肠杆菌ＭＬ－３５Ｐ耐药株有强抗菌活性，这三条抗菌蛋白带命名为ＲａｔＵＰ－１，ＲａｔＵＰ－２和ＲａｔＵＰ－３，分别占子宫内膜提取物总蛋白量的４．５％，５．７％和６．６％。虽然提取物存在溶菌的活性，但其含量甚微，在ＡＵ一ＰＡＧＥ图谱上亦未能显现溶菌酶条带。本实验的结果提示子宫内膜合成一类抗菌多肽，可能在子宫抗菌机制中发挥重要作用。