父母育儿因素与学龄前儿童功能性便秘的关系研究

目的 分析学龄前儿童功能性便秘与父母育儿因素的关系,以期为功能性便秘的预防与早期干预提供参考。方法 选取2020年9月至2021年3月在青岛大学附属医院儿童保健门诊就诊的功能性便秘儿童108例为研究对象,同时选取本院正常体检的324例健康儿童作为对照组,采用一般情况调查表、育儿压力量表、家庭教养方式问卷及儿童喂养问卷进行问卷调查。结果 母亲或父母均有便秘病史（OR=2.877,95%CI:1.390~5.953;OR =8.950,95%CI:2.297~34.866）、孩子兄弟姐妹便秘病史（OR=2.109,95%CI:1.483~3.000）、不良排便习惯（OR=3.780,95%CI:1.949~7.329）、排便不顺利时责备儿童（OR=4.719,95%CI:1.963~11.347）、育儿压力（OR=1.917,95%CI:1.314~2.795）、专制型家庭教养方式（OR=2.064,95%CI:1.257~3.391）、逼迫进食（OR =1.585,95%CI:1.112~2.260）是学龄前儿童功能性便秘的相关危险因素。父子互动>2h是儿童功能性便秘发生的独立保护因素（OR=0.240,95%CI:0.078~0.741）。结论 学龄前期儿童功能性便秘的发生与父母育儿因素有着密切联系,医务人员应增加对育儿层面的关注,增加对父母育儿压力的评估,指导家长形成正确的家庭教养方式,增加父子互动时间,并采取科学合理的喂养行为与排便训练行为,从而预防功能性便秘的发生,促进儿童身心健康发展。     

父母接受健康教育对首发精神分裂症康复后复发的影响

目的 探讨随访5年中康复后首发精神分裂症患者父母接受健康教育对复发率的影响.方法 对111例首发住院的精神分裂症患者随机分为教育组(56例,10例脱落)和对照组(55例,12例脱落),对教育组患者父或母在患者住院和出院后的5年中有计划地进行健康教育;对照组仪采用常规的复诊或一般性随访;2组均进行为期5 a的随访,比较治疗依从性和复发情况.结果 2组出院后5 a随访治疗各时段依从性比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);教育组各年PANSS量表总分明显低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);教育组和对照组第5年复发率,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).但随着时间的推移2组复发率均呈上升趋势.结论 对父母实施健康教育在首发精神分裂症抗复发中具有积极的意义,但随着时间的推移健康教育只能加强不能削弱,否则治疗的依从性就会下降,复发率就会逐年上升.     

呼吸科住院患儿父母心理需求调查分析

目的:了解呼吸科患儿住院期间其父母的心理需求情况。方法:采用自制问卷形式,对呼吸科住院患儿父母300例进行问卷调查。结果:呼吸科患儿父母在需求方面已不局限于治好疾病,他们也非常需要健康的环境、科学的生活指导及预防保健知识。结论:提示护士在工作中要重视患儿父母的心理支持,加强健康宣教;进一步完善消毒隔离制度,建立合理的陪护制度,促进患儿康复;发挥沟通的主动性,满足患儿父母的信息需求。     

认知行为干预对功能性构音障碍儿童康复效果的影响

目的 探讨认知行为干预对功能性构音障碍儿童康复疗效的影响.方法 将60例功能性构音障碍儿童随机分为对照组和干预组各30例,两组均进行常规言语康复训练,干预组在此基础上给予认知行为干预.两组分别采用Achenbach儿童行为量表进行评分,6个疗程后评价两组康复疗效.结果 干预组儿童干预前后CBCL各因子分比较,差异有显著...     

Paediatric parenting stress in inflammatory bowel disease: application of the Pediatric Inventory for Parents

Background The psychosocial functioning of caregivers of adolescents managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been understudied; yet, poor caregiver functioning can place youth at risk for compromised disease management. The current study addressed this limitation by examining a sample of caregivers of adolescents with IBD. Study aims included (1) documenting rates of paediatric parenting stress; (2) identifying associated sociodemographic predictors of parenting stress; and (3) comparing previously published rates of parenting stress to those within other paediatric chronic conditions, including cancer, type 1 diabetes, obesity, sickle cell disease, bladder exstrophy. Methods Caregivers of adolescents with an IBD diagnosis (M_age= 15.4 ± 1.4, 44.4% female, 88.7% Caucasian) and receiving tertiary care within a gastroenterology clinic (n= 62) completed the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP) as a measure of paediatric parenting stress with frequency and difficulty as PIP subscales. Paediatric gastroenterologists provided disease severity assessments. Results Adolescents with IBD were experiencing relatively mild disease activity. Bivariate correlations revealed that PIP‐difficulty was positively associated with Crohn's disease severity (r= 0.38, P < 0.01). Caregiver age was negatively associated with the frequency of parenting stress total (r=?0.25, P= 0.05) and communication scores (r=?0.25, P < 0.05). The frequency and difficulty of parenting stressors within the IBD sample were similar to rates within type 1 diabetes, but were significantly lower than rates identified in other paediatric chronic conditions. Conclusions Caregivers of adolescents with IBD seem to experience low rates of parenting stress when their adolescents are receiving outpatient care and during phases of IBD relative inactivity. The sociodemographic characteristics of IBD families (i.e. primarily Caucasian, well‐educated and higher socio‐economic status) likely encourage greater access to financial and psychosocial resources, which may aid in promoting more optimal stress management.     

重庆市农村未婚年轻成人父母对给未婚青年提供生殖健康服务的态度调查

目的：通过向未婚年轻成人的父母了解未婚年轻成人未得到生殖健康需求服务的成因，以确定给未婚年轻成人提供生殖健康服务的最佳途径和可行方法。方法：采用小组访谈法，对重庆市农村地区18-24岁有婚前性行为年轻成人的父母分别访谈，讨论的内容包括父母对未婚年轻成人婚前性行为的态度，父母对婚前性行为和人工流产影响未婚年轻成人健康的认识，父母对给未婚年轻成人提供教育和服务的态度等。结果：农村父母也给子女提一些忠告，但对子女因婚前性行为导致未婚先孕，普遍采取事后补救等被动措施表现出极大忧虑。父母赞成向子女提供有针对性的相关教育和服务，希望政府和社会机构给予重视，结论：农村未婚年轻成人婚前性行为和人工流产的普遍，与其自身文化水平和科学知识不足，家庭观念落后，如父母，教师和社会相关人员生殖健康知识水平不高及社会未重视有关，建议成立青少年生殖健康促进中心，制订相应的媒体法规及将青少年生殖健康教育和生殖健康服务纳入计划生育服务范畴，将有利于保障青少年生殖健康的需求。     

Does parenting mediate the effects of exposure to violence on violent behavior? An ecological–transactional model of community violence

Three waves of longitudinal data from a high poverty sample of 1544 African American youth were used to test an ecological–transactional model of violence. SEM analyses were conducted to determine whether parenting (Time 2) mediated the effects of exposure to violence (Time 1) on violent behaviors (Time 3). Findings supported the specified model. Multigroup SEM analyses indicated that neither family structure nor developmental stage (early versus middle/late adolescence) moderated these effects. However, exposure to violence had a larger effect on violent behaviors in female versus male youth, although the difference was simply in magnitude, not direction. A final model that predicted change scores also provided support for the hypothesized ecological–transactional model of violence.