家长对护生从事临床基础护理的认知调查

目的了解家长对护生从事临床基础护理认知情况,探讨其影响因素及对策。方法采用自设问卷对我校186名中职毕业护生的家长进行护生从事临床基础护理的认知情况调查。结果95．88％的护生家长不了解“优质护理服务示范工程”,85．30％的家长不了解基础护理服务项目,77．65％的家长不了解基础护理能体现护理服务精神与护理专业价值,92．35％的家长担心护生受到歧视,91．18％的家长认为基础护理繁杂、琐碎、辛苦担心护生受累;94％以上的家长更希望自己的孩子从事治疗性护理工作而非基础护理特别是生活护理。结论大多数家长对卫生系统开展“优质护理服务示范工程”认知匮乏,对护生从事临床基础护理认知偏颇,应进一步加大宣传教育力度,提高家长对护生从事基础护理工作重要性的认识,以充分发挥家长家庭教育与支持作用,加强护生职业心理素质的培养,探索符合护理工作特点的激励措施,激发护生对护理职业的追求与向往。     

精神分裂症患儿父母负性情绪的护理干预研究

目的 :探讨精神病患儿父母的心理护理干预效果 ,更好地为心理卫生服务提供目标依据。方法 :采用症状自评量表(SCL -90 )、一般情况问卷对入住我院精神科且愿意接受心理健康测评及心理护理干预的40例精神分裂症患儿父母进行心理健康测评和心理护理干预。结果 :干预前SCL -90测评显示 40例患儿父母的 9个因子分中躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌意均高于常模(P <0 .0 1) ,通过心理护理干预后 ,此 5个因子分均有明显的下降 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :运用心理护理干预能在一定程度上改善患儿父母的负性认知和不良情绪 ,转变他们消极的应对方式。     

慢性病儿童父母疾病不确定感与家庭管理状况相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性病儿童父母疾病不确定感与家庭管理状况的相关性,为慢性病儿童的治疗与康复提供干预依据。方法 采用家庭管理测量量表（FAMM）和中文版疾病不确定感家属量表（MUIS—FM）对200名慢性病儿童父母进行调查。采用Pearson相关性分析方法 分析量表间的相关性。结果 慢性病儿童父母MUIS—FM总分为（104．46±15．17）分：慢性病儿童父母FAMM总分为（195．46±11．24）分,其中,患儿认可得分为（15．46±2．14）分,照护能力得分为（38．22±6．42）分,疾病负担得分为（15．16±2．71）分,生活困难得分为（57．35±8．54）分,疾病影响得分为（37．29±5．22）分,家长关系得分为（31．35±3．18）分;Pearson相关分析显示,慢性病儿童父母疾病不确定感与家庭管理方式存在显著相关性。结论 父母疾病不确定感是影响家庭管理状况的重要因素,降低慢性病儿童父母的疾病不确定感能改善家庭管理状况．促进患儿身心康复。     

Parental perceptions,attitudes and acceptance of childhood immunization in Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

ObjectivesThe widespread availability and use of vaccines have tremendously reduced morbidity, mortality and health care costs associated with infectious diseases. However, parental beliefs about vaccination are one of the major factors in achieving high vaccination rates. Thus, this study aims to assess the perceptions and attitudes regarding routine childhood immunization among Saudi parents.MethodsA cross sectional study with a pre-tested 18-item questionnaire was conducted using 467 randomly selected parents from the Hail region of Saudi Arabia in the period between February 1st, 2016, and February 1st, 2017. The validated questionnaire consisted of three sections that collected information on participants’ demographics, parents’ awareness of vaccine benefits, and parents’ practices regarding the immunization of their children.ResultsFemale and male parents comprised 54.5% (255) and 45.5% (212) of the sample, respectively, and the response and completion rates were 97%. The majority of the respondents had received a formal education (94.1%, 439), were gainfully employed (62.9%, 294) and had a regular monthly income (73.3%). The majority of the respondents were aware of childhood vaccinations (78.9%), completed vaccinations mandated for children up to 5 years (86.2%), encouraged other parents to do so (89.9%), and had easy access to vaccines (90.5%). Sixty to ninety percent of the respondents were knowledgeable regarding the health benefits of vaccinations in children, even though 18.4% of their children had experienced vaccination-related minor adverse effects during or after vaccination of which 23.2% required doctor's visits. Health care professionals were the most frequent source of parents’ vaccine-related information (65.2%), and vaccination reminder services provided by the Ministry of Health (MOH) via mobile phones were cited by 57.5% of respondents.ConclusionsConfidence in and acceptance of childhood vaccinations, perceptions of vaccine-related health benefits and ease of access to immunizations appeared to be quite good among Saudi parents.     

Addressing personal parental values in decisions about childhood vaccination: Measure development

ObjectiveEvidence-based strategies to address vaccine hesitancy are lacking. Personal values are a measurable psychological construct that could be used to deliver personalized messages to influence vaccine hesitancy and behavior. Our objectives were to develop a valid, reliable self-report survey instrument to measure vaccine values based on the Schwartz theory of basic human values, and to test the hypothesis that vaccine values are distinct from vaccine attitudes and are related to vaccine hesitancy and behavior.MethodsParental Vaccine Values (PVV) scale items were generated using formative qualitative research and expert input, yielding 24 items for testing. 295 parents of children aged 14–30 months completed a self-report survey with measures of Schwartz’s global values, the PVV, vaccine attitudes, and vaccine hesitancy. Factor analysis was used to determine vaccine values factor structure. Associations between vaccine values, vaccine attitudes, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccination behavior were assessed using linear and logistic regression models. Late vaccination was assessed from electronic medical records.ResultsA six-factor structure for vaccine values was determined with good fit (RMSEA = 0.07, Bentler’s CFI = 0.91) with subscales for Conformity, Universalism, Tradition, Self-Direction, Security- Disease Prevention, and Security- Vaccine Risk. Vaccine values were moderately associated with Schwartz global values and vaccine attitudes, indicating discriminant validity from these constructs. Multivariable linear regression showed vaccine hesitancy was associated with vaccine values Conformity (partial R² = 0.10) and Universalism (0.04) and vaccine attitudes Vaccine Safety (0.52) and Vaccine Benefit (0.16). Multivariable logistic regression showed that late vaccination was associated with vaccine value Self-direction (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.26–2.65) and vaccine attitude of Vaccine Benefit (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.32–0.60).ConclusionsThe PVV scale had good psychometric properties and appears related to but distinct from Schwartz global values and vaccine attitudes. Vaccine values are associated with vaccine hesitancy and late vaccination and may be useful in tailoring future interventions.     

Parents’ experiences and information needs related to childhood fever: A systematic review

ObjectiveTo synthesize current evidence about experiences and information needs of parents/caregivers managing pediatric fever.MethodsWe used systematic review methodology with an a priori protocol. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, from 2000 to May 2018.ResultsWe included thirty-six studies (n = 29 quantitative, n = 7 qualitative; 15,727 participants). Quantitative data contained four themes; 1) caregivers seek information about pediatric fever, 2) low knowledge is coupled with misconceptions and anxiety, 3) fever assessment and management practices vary, 4) demographic factors (e.g., ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, education) influence information needs and health practices. Qualitative data contained three themes; 1) tension between logic and emotion, 2) responsibility contrasted with sense of vulnerability, 3) seeking support and information to build confidence.ConclusionParents often overestimate the risks associated with pediatric fever and struggle to make decisions during a child’s febrile illness — leading to caregiving actions that may not reflect current clinical recommendations. Parents seek knowledge about how to care for a febrile child at home and what indicators should prompt them to seek medical attention.Practice ImplicationsIn addition to providing clear, reliable information, interventions that address educational, pragmatic, and emotional domains may be effective in supporting parents.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Mothers and fathers of young Dutch adolescents with Down syndrome: Health related quality of life and family functioning

BackgroundLike any child, children with Down syndrome (DS) affect the lives of their families. Most studies focus on the adaptation of parents and families of young children with DS, while relatively few studies include the perspective of fathers.AimsTo determine 1) whether mothers and fathers of 11 to 13-year-olds with DS differ from reference parents in health related quality of life (HRQoL) and family functioning, and 2) whether HRQoL in parents of children with DS changes over time, from when the child was 6–8 years old to when the child was 11–13 years old.Methods80 mothers and 44 fathers completed HRQoL and family functioning questionnaires. 58 parents (53 mothers) had completed the HRQoL-questionnaire in a previous study.ResultsMothers differed from reference mothers in one HRQoL-domain (Sexuality), while fathers’ HRQoL did not significantly differ from reference fathers. Both mothers and fathers scored in the (sub)clinical range more frequently than reference parents in Total family functioning, and in the domains Partner relation and Social network. Furthermore, fathers scored in the (sub)clinical range more frequently than reference parents in Responsiveness and Organization. HRQoL showed no significant change over time.Conclusions and implicationsOur findings indicate frequent family functioning problems but few HRQoL problems in parents and families of children with DS. In offering care, a family based approach with special attention for partner relation and social functioning is needed.