袋鼠式护理对促进新生儿的生长发育的研究

目的探讨袋鼠式护理对新生儿体格发育、神经行为及营养状况的影响。方法选取2012年1月至2013年12月从外院转入本院自然分娩的400例足月新生儿为研究对象,根据随机数字表将新生儿分为观察组及对照组各200例,对照组新生儿出生后实施常规性护理,观察组患儿在对照组的基础上实施袋鼠式护理,并在住院期间及患儿出院后每天进行2次半小时袋鼠式护理。两组新生儿分别于干预前、干预后3 d、干预后15 d及干预后30 d采用神经行为功能(NBNA)量表评定两组神经功能。同时于出生后42 d测量两组新生儿头围、体重及身长,并记录两组新生儿营养不良发生情况。结果两组新生儿干预前NBNA各项评分无统计学差异(P>0.05),观察组干预后3 d、15 d、30 d NBNA各项评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组新生儿头围增长、体重增长及身长增长显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦、贫血患儿比例显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论袋鼠式护理能促进新生儿神经行为及体格发育,能有效减少婴幼儿营养不良疾病的发生率,促进新生儿健康成长。     

Randomized controlled trial of MICBT for co-existing alcohol misuse and depression: Outcomes to 36-months

Integrated psychological treatment addressing co-existing alcohol misuse and depression has not been compared with single-focused treatment. This trial evaluates changes over 36 months following randomization of 284 outpatients to one of four motivational interviewing and cognitive–behavior therapy (MICBT) based interventions: (1) brief integrated intervention (BI); or BI plus 9 further sessions with (2) an integrated-, (3) alcohol-, or (4) depression-focus. Outcome measures included changes in alcohol consumption, depression (BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory) and functioning (GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning), with average improvements from baseline of 21.8 drinks per week, 12.6 BDI-II units and 8.2 GAF units. Longer interventions tended to be more effective in reducing depression and improving functioning in the long-term, and in improving alcohol consumption in the short-term. Integrated treatment was at least as good as single-focused MICBT. Alcohol-focused treatment was as effective as depression-focused treatment at reducing depression and more effective in reducing alcohol misuse. The best approach seems to be an initial focus on both conditions followed by additional integrated- or alcohol-focused sessions.     

Effects of MDMA and Intranasal Oxytocin on Social and Emotional Processing

MDMA (±3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ‘ecstasy'') is used recreationally, reportedly because it increases feelings of empathy, sociability, and interpersonal closeness. One line of evidence suggests that MDMA produces these effects by releasing oxytocin, a peptide involved in social bonding. In the current study, we investigated the acute effects of MDMA and oxytocin on social and emotional processing in healthy human volunteers. MDMA users (N=65) participated in a 4-session, within-between-subjects study in which they received oral MDMA (0.75, 1.5 mg/kg), intranasal oxytocin (20 or 40 IU), or placebo under double-blind conditions. The primary outcomes included measures of emotion recognition and sociability (desire to be with others). Cardiovascular and subjective effects were also assessed. As expected, MDMA dose-dependently increased heart rate and blood pressure and feelings of euphoria (eg, ‘High'' and ‘Like Drug''). On measures of social function, MDMA impaired recognition of angry and fearful facial expressions, and the larger dose (1.5 mg/kg) increased desire to be with others, compared with placebo. Oxytocin produced small but significant increases in feelings of sociability and enhanced recognition of sad facial expressions. Additionally, responses to oxytocin were related to responses to MDMA with subjects on two subjective measures of sociability. Thus, MDMA increased euphoria and feelings of sociability, perhaps by reducing sensitivity to subtle signs of negative emotions in others. The present findings provide only limited support for the idea that oxytocin produces the prosocial effects of MDMA.     

思维导图在老年糖尿病患者出院指导中的应用

目的 探讨思维导图在老年糖尿病患者出院指导中的应用效果.方法 将104例出院的老年糖尿病患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各52例,对照组按常规采用口头宣教方式给予出院指导,观察组采用自行设计的思维导图进行出院指导,对两组患者的血糖及生化代谢指标、健康行为及生活质量进行监测.结果 观察组患者血糖及生化指标下降显著,健康行为及生活质量评分优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 运用思维导图对老年糖尿病患者进行出院指导,能有效改善患者的血糖及各项生化指标,促进患者的健康行为,提高患者的生活质量,易被老年患者接受.     

综合医院糖尿病患者及其家属糖尿病相关知识掌握现状调查

目的了解石家庄三甲医院内分泌科糖尿病患者及家属关于糖尿病的知、信、行情况;了解患者接受糖尿病健康教育的现状;为下一步对糖尿病患者开展健康教育,建立有效的糖尿病防治模式提供依据。方法自行设计糖尿病患者及家属糖尿病知信行调查问卷,于石家庄三甲医院中随机抽样492例患者及其418名亲属进行问卷调查。结果糖尿病患者对糖尿病基本常识、控制饮食、运动治疗、并发症等较亲属认识程度要高,糖尿病患者的知识态度得分与其家属知识态度得分成正比,糖尿病患者的糖尿病防治态度较家属更积极,血糖监测、体育锻炼等健康行为形成率比较低。结论多数糖尿病患者及家属对糖尿病基本知识掌握情况不足,态度和行为有待于改进,糖尿病防治工作依然比较严峻。     

儿童行为量表在学习不良儿童中的应用效果

目的：探讨儿童行为量表在学习不良儿童中的应用效果。方法随机抽取常熟市区四所小学作为研究对象,以上学期期中及期末考试的语文、数学、英语成绩作为主要依据,结合班主任的评价分成学习不良儿童组和优秀儿童组,采用Achenbach儿童行为量表对入组儿童进行行为测评。结果学习不良儿童组有52.94%（171/323）检出行为问题,优秀儿童组有7.81%（21/269）检出行为问题。学习不良儿童组的多动、交往不良、强迫行为等发生率高于优秀儿童组（P〈0.05）。结论学习不良儿童容易产生行为问题,学习不良与行为问题相互影响。     

An Experimental Study on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Polymer Concrete under Ultraviolet Aging

Epoxy polymer concrete (EPC) is widely applied in engineering for its excellent mechanical properties. The impact loads and severe climatic conditions such as ultraviolet radiation, temperature change and rain erosion are in general for its engineering practice, potentially degrading the performance of EPC. In this paper, a procedure of accelerated aging for EPC, imitating the aging effect of ultraviolet radiation and hygrothermal conditions based on the meteorological statistics of Guangzhou city, was designed. After various periods of accelerated aging, the dynamic behaviors of EPC were studied by using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The verification of the experimental data was performed. The two-stage dynamic compression stress-strain curves were obtained: (a) linear growth stage following by strain hardening stage at impact velocity 12.2 m/s and 18.8 m/s, (b) linear growth stage and then a horizontal stage when impact velocity is 25.0 m/s, (c) linear growth stage following by strain softening stage at impact velocity 29.2 m/s. The experimental results show that the specimens after longer accelerated aging tend to be more easily broken, especially at impact velocity 12.2 m/s and 18.8 m/s, while the strain rate is the main factor affecting the compression strength and stiffness. Ultimately the influence of strain rate and equivalent aging time on dynamic increase factor was revealed by a fitting surface.     

Deformation Behavior and Tensile Properties of the Semi-Equiaxed Microstructure in Near Alpha Titanium Alloy

The tensile deformation and fracture behavior of a particular semi-equiaxed microstructure (S-EM) in a near alpha titanium alloy TA19 are investigated by an in situ method. In the S-EM, the thin β lamellae grow through the equiaxed α_p phase (α_p), and the original α_p/β_trans interface in the bimodal microstructure largely disappears, forming a blurry interface between the semi-equiaxed α_p phase (equiaxed α_p phase that is grew through by the thin β lamellae) and the transformed β microstructure (β_trans). The formation of dense slip bands inside the semi-equiaxed α_p phase in the S-EM is inhibited by the thin β lamellae during the tensile deformation. The special characteristics of the S-EM reduce the stress concentration at the interface, and the crack initiation probability in the blurry semi-α_p/β_trans interface decreased compared to the distinct α_p/β_trans interface in a conventional equiaxed microstructure (EM). Moreover, the ultimate tensile strength of the S-EM is higher than that of the EM with a slight loss of plasticity.     

小儿智力糖浆联合盐酸哌甲酯片治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的疗效观察

目的探讨小儿智力糖浆联合盐酸哌甲酯片治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的临床疗效。方法选择2012年1月—2014年12月重庆市开县人民医院儿科收治儿童注意缺陷多动障碍患者90例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组45例。对照组患者口服盐酸哌甲酯片,2片/次,1次/d。治疗组患者在对照组的治疗基础上口服小儿智力糖浆,10 m L/次,2次/d。3周为1个疗程,全部患者均治疗3个疗程。观察两组的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后Conner行为评定量表各因子评分及不良反应情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组总有效率分别为77.78%、88.89%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者冲动多动、多动指数、学习问题、品行问题、焦虑、身心问题评分均较较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组治疗后各评分均显著低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论小儿智力糖浆联合盐酸哌甲酯片治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍,能够显著提高临床疗效,且无严重不良反应,具有一定的临床推广价值。