Parental experiences of adopting healthy lifestyles for children with disabilities living with overweight and obesity

BackgroundChildren with disabilities present with high obesity rates.ObjectiveThis study explored the parental experience of adopting healthy lifestyle choices, for children with disabilities, who received dietetic weight management advice.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out with eight parents/carers in their own homes or healthcare setting in an inner London locality, or by telephone. Data was analyzed using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach.ResultsFive superordinate themes emerged: 1. Strategies to promote healthy lifestyles: encouraging physical activity, limiting access to food and taking a gradual approach to making lifestyle changes. 2. Challenges to adopting healthy lifestyles: selective eating patterns, the high cost of healthy foods and parental/carer lack of time. 3. The role of healthcare professionals (HCPs): revealed that not all parents/carers received advice or support, prior to dietetic referral, when managing their child's weight. Feeling reassured by HCPs was valued. Parents/carers reported a positive experience of seeing the dietitian, as they appreciated receiving practical and individualized advice. 4. Support needs: family support and support from families with children with disabilities was explored. 5. Parent/carer wellbeing: such as stress was found to have a detrimental impact on parents making healthy lifestyle changes.ConclusionsAdopting a healthy lifestyle involved a variety of strategies and challenges, some of which are specific to this population group and should be considered by HCPs, when having weight-related discussions and offering advice. Parental/carer support needs and wellbeing should also be taken into consideration when planning weight management services for this population group.     

缺铁性贫血婴幼儿智能行为发育研究

目的 探讨缺铁性贫血对婴幼儿智能行为发育的影响。方法 对264名儿童进行0－36个月的生长发育纵向监测,定期对其智力发育指数（MDI）、精神运动发育指数（PDI）以及行为进行测试,根据2岁时有无缺铁性贫血分为两组：①贫血组（96名）,②非贫血组（168名）,建立数据库,用SPSS软件进行统计学分析。结果 2岁时贫血组MDI、PDI均低于对照组,且这种改变在2．5岁贫血完全被纠正时仍未安全消除;2岁缺铁性贫血患儿血红蛋白水平与其MDI和PDI分值呈正相关;缺铁性贫血组儿童2－3岁期间行为问题发生率明显高于对照组,突出表现在社交退缩和躯体诉述两个行为因子上。结论 缺铁性贫血对婴幼儿智能行为发育均产生重要影响,鉴于对智能发育的不利影响是长期的,积极防治婴幼儿期缺铁性贫血对于保证儿童正常生长发育具有重要意义。     

综合行为干预对慢性阻塞性肺病患者生命质量的影响

目的观察综合行为干预对缓解期慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者生命质量的影响.方法150例COPD患者分为治疗组和对照组,两组均给予常规药物治疗,治疗组增加综合行为干预措施,时间1年,分别在治疗前和1年后应用生命质量测评表评估患者生命质量变化.结果治疗组生命质量总分从2.3±0.4下降到1.59±0.3,日常生活能力评分由1.95±0.5降为1.43±0.3,社会活动评分由2.59±0.5降为1.63±0.5,抑郁心理评分由2.47±0.4降为1.59±0.3,焦虑心理评分由2.21±0.3降为1.78±0.2,对照组各项评分无明显改变.结论综合行为干预能改善COPD患者生命质量.     

Biased health perceptions and risky health behaviors—Theory and evidence

This paper investigates the role of biased health perceptions as a potential driving force of risky health behaviors. We define absolute and relative health perception biases, illustrate their measurement in surveys and provide evidence on their relevance. Next, we decompose the theoretical effect into its extensive and intensive margin: When the extensive margin dominates, people (wrongly) believe they are healthy enough to “afford” unhealthy behavior. Finally, using three population surveys, we provide robust empirical evidence that respondents who overestimate their health are less likely to exercise and sleep enough, but more likely to eat unhealthily and drink alcohol daily.     

四川省自然灾害多发地区居民灾害健康知识行为现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查灾害多发地区居民健康知识和行为现状及其影响因素,为进一步开展针对性健康教育提供科学依据。 方法 对四川省什邡市、泸县和越西县的居民进行问卷调查。 结果 本研究共调查1600人,健康知识方面,呼吸道传染病知识知晓率为9.4%,消化道传染病知识知晓率为16.2%,急救电话知晓率为66.6%;地震室外安全做法知晓率为91.9%,地震室内安全做法知晓率为57. 6%,洪水逃生技巧知晓率为43.6%。健康行为方面,55.1%的居民从不会喝生水,54.9%的居民能掌握正确的洗手方式,86.4%的居民会在做菜时将生熟分开。Logistic回归分析结果显示,健康知识知晓率与民族(OR=0.240, 95% CI=0.146~0.396)、文化程度(OR=1.179, 95% CI=1.049~1.326)相关,健康行为形成率与地区(OR=1.266, 95% CI=1.020~1.570)、民族(OR=0.244, 95% CI=0.148~0.401)、文化程度(OR=1.388, 95% CI=1.243~1.551)、家庭总收入(OR=1.172, 95% CI=1.034~1.329)相关。结论 四川省居民自然灾害健康知识认知和健康行为形成存在问题,应广泛开展健康宣教活动,提高居民自救互救能力和防灾减灾意识,减少健康风险。