五味子醇甲对APP/PS1小鼠学习记忆和NF-κB p65的影响

目的研究五味子醇甲(SCH)对APP/PS1双转基因痴呆小鼠行为学和NF-κB p65的影响。方法将35只APP/PS1双转基因痴呆小鼠随机分为模型(APP/PS1)组、五味子醇甲(SCH+APP/PS1)组;另以同背景同月龄的C 57 BL/6 J阴性小鼠为空白(WT)组。SCH+APP/PS1组给予SCH悬浊液灌胃(2.6 mg·kg^-1·d^-1),模型组和空白组给予等量蒸馏水灌胃。各组灌胃30 d进行Mirror水迷宫空间探索试验后取材。HE染色法观察皮层及海马CA1区神经细胞的形态结构。运用DCFH-DA法检测脑组织活性氧(ROS)含量。Western印迹检测法检验磷酸化核转录因子(NF-κB p65,pp65)的表达。结果与APP/PS 1组相比,APP/PS 1+SCH组有效区停留距离及时间明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);APP/PS 1+SCH组穿越有效区次数和平台区停留距离增加,均差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。APP/PS 1+SCH组HE染色观察皮层有部分神经细胞萎缩、减少,较APP/PS1组明显好转,海马细胞排列整齐度尚可、较均匀。与APP/PS1组相比,APP/PS1+SCH组能降低ROS含量,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。APP/PS 1+SCH组皮层及海马pp65蛋白相对表达量下调(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论SCH可能通过降低ROS含量和抑制pp65保护脑组织形态结构和提高APP/PS1鼠空间探索记忆能力。     

α7神经型尼古丁受体激动剂PNU282987对APP/PS1小鼠海马组织中DYN-Ⅰ蛋白表达的影响

目的研究特异性激动APP/PS1转基因小鼠脑组织中α7神经型尼古丁受体(α7 nAChR)水平后对海马组织DYN-Ⅰ蛋白的影响;探讨α7 nAChR在阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)发病机制中的神经保护作用机制。方法实验动物分为对照组(Control)、野生加PNU282987组(WP)、APP/PS1转基因组(APP/PS1)和APP/PS1加PNU282987组(AP)各8只,WP和AP组给予α7 nAChRs特异性激动剂PNU-282987,另两组给予生理盐水,给药方式为小鼠24 w龄时1 mg/kg腹腔注射PNU-282987,连续5 d。采用Real-time PCR法和蛋白免疫印迹(Western Blot)法分别测定小鼠海马组织中发动蛋白Ⅰ(DYN-Ⅰ)mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化。结果与control组相比,APP/PS1组海马组织中发动蛋白Ⅰ(DYN-Ⅰ)mRNA和蛋白水平下降(P0.05,P0.01);而特异性激动α7 nAChR水平后,与对照组相比WP组中发动蛋白Ⅰ(DYN-Ⅰ)mRNA和蛋白水平升高(P0.05,P0.01);与APP/PS1组相比AP组小鼠大脑海马组织中发动蛋白Ⅰ(DYN-Ⅰ)mRNA和蛋白水平明显升高(P0.01,P0.01)。结论特异性激动APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马组织中α7 nAChR水平能够使网格蛋白内吞调节蛋白DYN-Ⅰ表达升高。这可能提示了α7 nAChR对突触有一定的保护作用,进一步说明α7 nAChR在阿尔茨海默病的发病中起着重要作用。     

姜黄素对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠认知功能、炎症反应及海马区突触素表达的影响

目的 探讨姜黄素对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠认知功能、炎症反应及海马区突触素表达的影响。方法 60只6月龄APP/PS1双转基因雄性小鼠随机分为A组、B组和C组,各20只;A组采用姜黄素100mg/kg/d加入小鼠饲料喂养,B组采用姜黄素300mg/kg/d喂养,C组采用姜黄素600mg/kg/d喂养;3组均喂养6个月。治疗前、治疗3、6个月,采用Morris水迷宫实验评估小鼠认知功能,采用免疫吸附试验法检测尾静脉血血清白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）等炎症因子水平;治疗6个月,采用免疫组化染色法检测小鼠海马 CA1 区突触素表达情况。结果 姜黄素治疗3、6个月,3组小鼠认知功能明显改善（P<0.05）,血清IL-6、TNF-α水平明显降低（P<0.05）。与A组比较,B组和C组治疗3、6个月认知功能明显改善（P<0.05）,血清IL-6、TNF-α水平均明显降低（P<0.05）,海马CA1区突触素表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）。而B组与C组均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 姜黄素有助于改善APP/PS1双转基因小鼠海马突触素表达,抑制小鼠炎症反应,改善小鼠认知功能。     

慢性脑血吸虫病的影像学特征与临床诊断

[目的]探讨脑血吸虫的影像学特征以提高临床诊断准确率。[方法]回顾性分析21例脑血吸虫患者的临床资料、影像学表现。[结果]所有病例均为慢性血吸虫病,14例经病原学确诊后行内科治疗,7例因为误诊为“脑肿瘤”或脑疝行手术治疗。脑血吸虫病的CT与MRI表现具有特征性。[结论]结合病史、起病症状、影像学及病原学检查综合分析可以提高脑血吸虫病的诊断率。     

One‐Step Approach for the Preparation of Organic‐Inorganic Janus‐Like Particles by Alkalization of Polystyrene‐block‐Poly(2‐vinylpyridine)/FeCl3 Complex Micelles

A novel approach to organic‐inorganic Janus‐like particles based on the alkalization process of polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) micelles containing FeCl₃ precursors in the P2VP cores in toluene is presented. It is found that by addition of a small amount of NaOH solution to a solution of the spherical PS‐b‐P2VP/FeCl₃ micelles, organic‐inorganic Janus‐like particles with a produced α‐FeOOH domain on one side and PS‐b‐P2VP block copolymers on the other can be prepared. The Janus‐like nanoparticles obtained by this facile approach may have potential application in biomedical areas.     

Incisal preparation design for ceramic veneers: A critical review

Background

The authors reviewed and identified the evidence for the various incisal preparation designs for ceramic veneers.

Pulmonary delivery of siRNA against acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome

The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has been under investigation for the treatment of several unmet medical needs, including acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) wherein siRNA may be implemented to modify the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at the mRNA level. The properties such as clear anatomy, accessibility, and relatively low enzyme activity make the lung a good target for local siRNA therapy. However, the translation of siRNA is restricted by the inefficient delivery of siRNA therapeutics to the target cells due to the properties of naked siRNA. Thus, this review will focus on the various delivery systems that can be used and the different barriers that need to be surmounted for the development of stable inhalable siRNA formulations for human use before siRNA therapeutics for ALI/ARDS become available in the clinic.