男性不育症患者血清TNF-α、T、FSH、PRL检测的临床意义

目的：探讨男性不育症患者血清TNF-α、T、FSH、PRL水平的变化及临床意义。方法：应用放射免疫分析对36例男性不育症患者进行了血清TNF-α、T、FSH、PRL检测,并与35例男性正常人作比较。结果：男性不育症患者血清T水平非常显著地低于男性正常人组（P〈0.01）,而TNFα-、FSH、PRL水平又非常显著地高于男性正常人组（P〈0.01）,血清TNF-α水平与T水平呈负相关（r=-0.5184,P〈0.01）,与FSH、PRL水平呈正相关（r=0.6184、0.5925,P〈0.01）。结论：检测男性不育症患者血清TNF-α、T、FSH、PRL水平的变化对诊断、预后判断及治疗均有较大的临床价值。     

Respiration rate in human pituitary tumor explants

Summary Studies on the respiration rate of human pituitary tumor tissue have so far been lacking in the literature. This study presents the results from four adenomas causing acromegaly, all with different clinical degrees of the disease. Determination of oxygen uptake was performed in vitro with a spectrophotorespirometric system. Pieces of the tumors were explanted to an organ culture system with a high degree of stability. The secretion rate of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) was determined.After 4–8 days in vitro, specimens were analyzed for respiration rate. This was approximately 1–1.5 l O₂/h/ g dry weight. The activity of the pituitary tumor tissue was characterized by both the hormone secretion rate and the respiration rate. Particularly active foci were found to occur in the adenoma tissue. Depending on the individual tumor, the GH secretion rate was approximately 0.1–100 pmol/g dry weight/h and PRL secretion rate approximately 0.4–18 g/g dry weight/h. The respiration rate — as is also the hormone secretion rate — is dependent on the time in vitro prior to analysis. The respiration rate in individual tumors is a parameter which does not reflect GH or PRL serum levels or clinical activity of the disease.Supported by grants from the Karolinska Institute and the Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Foundation     

自身免疫性甲状腺疾病患者血清雌二醇泌乳素检测的临床意义

目的:探讨自身免疫性甲状腺疾病(AITD)患者外周血清雌二醇与泌乳素的变化特点及临床意义。方法:采用放射免疫法检测60例AITD患者和20例正常人外周血血清雌二醇和泌乳素的含量。结果:AITD患者血清雌二醇含量高于正常对照(P<0.05),原发性甲亢组与甲低组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。血清泌乳素在甲减组明显高于对照组而在甲亢组则与对照比较差异无显著性,甲亢组与甲减组无明显区别。血清雌二醇与泌乳素在AITD患者呈显著性相关(r=0.523,P<0.05)此外,血清雌二醇泌乳素与患者sTSH、TGAb、TMAb之间无显著相关性(r依次为0.208,0.154,0.212)。结论:AITD患者体内存在雌二醇与泌乳素的异常表达,由此加重免疫功能的紊乱,在AITD的发生发展中发挥重要作用。     

肝郁患者血清T,E2,PRL检测及其临床意义

用射免疫法测定１００例肝郁患血清Ｔ、Ｅ２及ＰＲＬ的水平,除男性患和Ｔ和Ｅ２外,其余测定值均较对照组明显升高,各种均值Ｐ〈０．０１,有非常显性差异。女性患中,血清Ｔ水平增高与Ｅ２升高均与肝郁证有相关性,认为ＰＲＬ升高是肝郁患较具有特异性的指标。肝郁血中Ｔ和Ｅ２表现出因果关系,女性患Ｔ和Ｅ２同时增高与在肝与计的灭活密切相关。情绪波动等因素不但对ＰＲＬ有明显影响,且可使血中Ｅ２水平升高。     

红细胞碎片对白细胞计数结果的影响

目的　分析在 CD-1 70 0型血液分析仪上作白细胞 ( WBC)计数检测时 ,在 3 5 fl线附近出现一匕首样峰的异常白细胞直方图和不准确的白细胞计数结果的原因。方法　对 2 0例 (肝病患者 1 8例 ,新生儿 2例 )异常白细胞直方图的可能原因进行逐一分析 ;采用制片染色作显微镜检查 ,用稀释液洗涤红细胞后再用仪器检测和进行红细胞渗透脆性试验 ,同时对这些标本用显微镜目测法计数 WBC,并与计数法结果进行配对 t检验。结果　出现异常直方图的 WBC计数结果与目测法结果的差异有显著性 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,仪器法结果显著增高 ,且这些标本的红细胞渗透脆性均显著降低。结论　白细胞计数假性增高与红细胞膜脆性变化密切相关。建议出现异常白细胞直方图时 ,须用显微镜目测法计数白细胞     

Neonatal hypothyroidism caused by maternal nicotine exposure is reversed by higher T3 transfer by milk after nicotine withdraw

Maternal nicotine exposure leads to neonatal hypothyroidism that can be returned to euthyroidism after nicotine withdrawal. Here, we examined the transfer of iodine through milk, deiodinase activities (D1 and D2), and serum T3, T4 and TSH in rat offspring after maternal exposure to nicotine. One day after birth, a minipump was implanted to dams releasing nicotine (NIC), 6 mg/kg/day for 13 days or vehicle saline. Animals were killed at the day 15 and 21 of lactation. At day 15, NIC-treated dams showed decreased T4 and mammary 2 h-radioiodine uptake (RAIU) and increase of TSH, thyroid 2 h-RAIU, liver D1 and mammary D2. At the cessation of NIC-exposure, pups displayed decreased T3, T4 and thyroid 2 h-RAIU and increased TSH. At weaning (21-postnatal day), NIC-treated dams recovered their T4 and TSH, but increased deiodinase level in the liver and mammary gland. Milk T3 content in NIC-treated dams was higher at both day 15 and 21, and thyroid function was recovered at the day 21. Thus, thyroid function was affected by nicotine in both mothers and pups, suggesting a primary hypothyroidism. After nicotine withdrawal, pups recovered thyroid function probably due to the increased lactational transfer of T3 in relation with increased mammary gland deiodinase activities.     

人垂体腺瘤细胞原代培养的纯化

背景与目的：较纯的人垂体腺瘤细胞对垂体腺瘤的生物学特性、病因、发病机制等的研究非常重要，本文探讨原代培养垂体腺瘤的细胞纯化方法。方法：采用三种原代培养方法对垂体腺瘤细胞进行培养，方法Ⅰ为目前常用的垂体瘤细胞培养方法，方法Ⅱ结合使用右旋颉氨酸（D-valine）替代左旋颉氨酸（L-valine）的DMEM D-valine培养液，方法Ⅲ采用反复贴壁法结合DMEM D-valine培养液培养。观察其细胞形态变化和生长特征。免疫组织化学染色法检测培养细胞生长激素（growth hormone，GH）、泌乳素（prolactin，PRL）的表达。结果：3种方法均能成功培养出垂体腺瘤细胞，呈圆形或椭圆形，其纯度随培养时间的延长逐渐下降，培养第20天其平均纯度分别为40％、46％、96％。方法Ⅲ明显高于方法Ⅰ和方法Ⅱ，差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．01）：腺瘤细胞分别呈GH、PRL阳性表达，成纤维细胞表达Ⅰ型胶原。结论：反复贴壁法结合DMEM D-valine培养液培养法可得到纯度达95％以上的人垂体腺瘤细胞，纯化后的细胞可分别呈GH和PRL阳性表达，为进一步研究人垂体腺瘤的发病机理、药物治疗和颅外移植等方面奠定了实验基础。     

Prolactin acts centrally to enhance newt courtship behavior

The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intraperitoneal (IP) injections of ovine prolactin (PRL), antiserum against newt PRL, and antibody against the newt PRL receptor on the expression of courtship behavior of male newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster, were studied to see whether PRL acts centrally or peripherally to induce the behavior. Injections of PRL by either route into gonadotropin-primed males enhanced the expression of the behavior dose-dependently. The minimum effective amount of ovine PRL administered intracerebroventricularly was 0.1 microg, whereas it was 100 microg when injected intraperitoneally. ICV injection of antiserum against newt PRL blocked the spontaneously occurring male courtship behavior when the anti-newt PRL serum was given either intracerebroventricularly or intraperitoneally. The minimum effective dose of the antiserum administered intracerebroventricularly was 0.05 microl, whereas it was 20 microl when injected intraperitoneally. Neither ICV nor IP injection of preimmune serum affected the expression of the behavior. Furthermore, ICV, but not IP, administration of 0.3 microg of anti-newt PRL receptor antibody, purified from antiserum against newt PRL receptor by use of an antigen-conjugated affinity column, blocked the spontaneously occurring courtship behavior in sexually developed males. Neither ICV nor IP injection of the same amount of normal rabbit IgG affected the expression of the behavior. The results strongly suggest that endogenous PRL enhances the behavior by acting centrally through the PRL receptors localized in the brain area.     

The properties of slightly soluble Zn(II)-protein complexes in the form of a suspension

The properties of slightly soluble Zn(II)-protein complexes in the form of a suspension. Slightly soluble Zn(II) complexes with selected hormones were obtained in the form of a suspension. Zn(II)-protein complexes were obtained at different ligand concentrations. The amount of Zn(II) in microM bound to a protein increases along with an increase in the added ligand concentration. This amount is statistically significant as far as its binding to INS is concerned. Proteins bind to Zn(II) through two classes of binding sites (n). Most Zn(II) binds to albumin and least to LH and FSH. The protein molecular weight and number of its amino acid residues have an influence on binding Zn(II) to a selected protein. Zn(II) has the highest affinity for PRL and INS, and the lowest for albumin and FSH. The kinetics analysis of Zn(II) binding to proteins has shown that Zn(II) creates the most stable complexes with PRL, INS, and LH. Relatively, weak complexes were obtained with albumin and FSH. The protein molecular weight and the number of its amino acid residues have a significant influence on the stability of Zn(II)-protein complex. The lower protein molecular weight and number of its amino acid residues, the more stable Zn(II)-protein complex is. The stability of complexes is also associated with the amount of Zn(II) bound to a protein and its affinity for a protein.