早吸吮勤吸吮对早泌乳的影响

为了探讨产后半小时内早吸吮、勤吸吮对早泌乳的影响。选择１１６例足月妊娠孕产妇，分别在第二产程及产后半小时抽取母亲静脉血，采用放射免疫双抗法（ＤＡＲＩＡ）测定胎儿娩出前、吸吮后和未吸吮时，母亲血清垂体催乳素（ＰＲＬ）值。结果表明：第二产程时两组血清ＰＲＬ值无显著差异。而产后半小时早吸吮的母亲体内血清中ＰＲＬ水平明显高于未吸吮的血清ＰＲＬ值。早吸吮的母亲泌乳早。     

孕妇血清内早期血清妊娠相关激素与胚胎停育的相关性

探讨孕早期血清妊娠相关蛋白-A(PAPP-A) 和整合素-金属蛋白酶12分泌期蛋白(ADAM12-s)、催乳素(PRL)和孕酮(P)水平变化及其与胚停育的相关性。应用时间分辨荧光免疫分析法测定患者血清中 PAPP-A、ADAM12-s、PRL和孕酮P表达水平,并对测定结果及孕妇妊娠结局进行统计分析。与正常妊娠组孕妇PAPP-A、ADAM12-s、PRL和孕酮P水平相比,胚胎停育组患者PAPP-A、ADAM12-s、PRL和孕酮P平均中位数水平显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。正常妊娠组和胚胎停育组孕妇血清内PAPP-A、ADAM12-s、PRL和孕酮P水平与患者的孕周数存在显著的直线相关关系,Person相关系数为正值,(P<0.05)。孕早期孕妇血清 PAPP-A、ADAM12-s、PRL和孕酮(P)含量随孕周数增加而显著上升,可以作为预测胚胎停育的有效临床指标。     

高泌乳血症的诊治分析

目的 探讨高泌乳血症的诊断和治疗。方法 观察分析本院62例高泌乳血症病例（功能性高泌乳血症40例，垂体微小腺瘤22例）。结果 功能性高泌乳血症药物（溴隐亭）治疗后80％患者泌乳停止，月经恢复，妊娠率达30％。垂体微小腺瘤（10mm左右），经蝶显微手术后全部恢复排卵性月经，PRL降至20ng／ml以内。结论 功能性高泌乳血症予药物治疗，而垂体微小腺瘤以手术为宜。     

鲁拉西酮联合舒必利治疗精神分裂症的临床研究

目的 探讨盐酸鲁拉西酮片联合舒必利片治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效。方法 选取2020年2月-2022年11月在上海市静安区精神卫生中心就诊的120例精神分裂症患者,按照计算机随机排列法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各60例。对照组患者口服舒必利片,首次剂量1片/次,3次/d,治疗7 d后增加至3片/次,3次/d。治疗组患者在对照组基础上口服盐酸鲁拉西酮片,1片/次,1次/d。两组患者连续治疗2个月。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分、精神分裂症生活质量量表(SQLS)评分以及血清中催乳素(PRL)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平。结果 治疗后,治疗组的总有效率为91.67%,对照组的总有效率为78.33%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的PANSS各项评分均显著降低(P<0.05),且治疗组PANSS各项评分较对照组更低(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的SQLS各项评分显著降低(P<0.05),治疗组SQLS各项评分降低程度高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的血清PRL水平高于治疗前,血清IL-6、IL-17水平低于治疗前(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组的血清IL-6、IL-17水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 盐酸鲁拉西酮片联合舒必利片可提高精神分裂症的临床疗效,减轻患者精神症状,提高生活质量,减轻炎症反应,且药物安全性良好。     

Relationship between stimulated prolactin release from GH cells and cyclic AMP degradation and formation

We have studied the relationship between the prolaction (PRL) release induced by thyroliberin (TRH) and theophylline and the formation and inactivation of adenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in cultured rat-pituitary cells (GH3 cells). TRH, which stimulated prolactin release, increased cyclic AMP formation and stimulated transiently both the low- and high-Km cyclic phosphodiesterases. The maximal effect on the phosphodiesterase was observed at 30 mM TRH. The stimulatory effect of TRH on the activity of the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases was duplicated by incubation of the cells with cyclic AMP (2-10 mM). In washed particulate GH3 cell fractions, TRH increased the adenylyl cyclase activity up to 180%. Treatment of GH3 cells with theophylline stimulated the release of PRL and inhibited cyclic AMP degradation probably leading to the measured increase in cellular concentrations of the nucleotide. The effects of TRH and theophylline on cellular cyclic AMP concentrations and on PRL release were additive. There was a positive correlation between PRL release and cellular cyclic AMP concentration (r = 0.97). The elevations observed in cellular cyclic AMP concentration after TRH treatment are due to increased formation which in turn leads to phosphodiesterase activation. Therefore, cyclic AMP formation appears to be an intermediary step in the stimulus-secretion coupling caused by the tripeptide.     

Central nervous system actions of atrial natriuretic factor

The recently discovered cardiac peptides, called atrial natriuretic factors (ANF), act peripherally as hormones which control fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Their renal, adrenal and vascular effects are complemented by central nervous system (CNS) actions to inhibit vasopressin secretion, salt preference, and water intake, and to inhibit the CNS component of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. These central actions of ANF are thought to mirror physiological roles played by endogenous, neuronally derived ANF within the brain. ANF immunoreactivity and binding sites in the anterior pituitary gland and median eminence suggest, as well, neuroendocrine actions of the peptide. We have failed to observe direct pituitary effects of ANF on basal or stimulated pituitary hormone secretion, however, specific hypothalamic actions have been discovered. ANF infusions (IV or cerebroventricular) inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion via, at least in part, an opioid mechanism since naloxone pretreatment blocks the effect. Additionally ANF inhibits catecholamine stimulation of the release of LH-releasing factor in the median eminence. Direct effects of ANF on tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons are suggested by the observation that the prolactin-inhibiting action of ANF is prevented by domperidone treatment and is absent following alpha methyl-p-tyrosine inhibition of tyrosine hydroxlyase activity. These recent results imply neuromodulatory actions of ANF within the CNS that are expressed via interaction with brain peptide and catecholamine systems.     

CA125和PRL在子宫腺肌病介入治疗疗效评价中的意义

目的评价糖类抗原(CA125)和泌乳素(PRL)在观察子宫腺肌病介入治疗疗效中的价值。方法26例子宫腺肌病患者接受经导管子宫动脉栓塞术(TUAE)治疗,其中弥漫型16例,局灶型10例。均采用经导管双侧子宫动脉注射聚乙烯醇颗粒栓塞。在介入治疗前和治疗后3、6、12个月分别测定血中CA125与PRL的含量。结果平均随访18个月,临床缓解率100%。介入治疗前血清CA125和PLR为110.3±86.4kU/L和22.1±8.7ng/mL;治疗后3、6、12个月为38.6±19.9kU/L和17.4±6.8ng/mL;35.8±16.7kU/L和18.1±7.2ng/mL;26.3±17.4kU/L和18.9±6.1ng/mL,较治疗前均明显降低(P<0.01)。结论TUAE术后CA125下降幅度大,是评价子宫腺肌病介入治疗效果的重要指标;PRL下降值较小,且均值仍高于正常,评价疗效的价值有限。     

Differential roles of hypothalamic serotonin receptor subtypes in the regulation of prolactin secretion in the turkey hen

In the turkey, exogenous serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) increases prolactin (PRL) secretion by acting through the dopaminergic (DAergic) system. In the present study, infusion of the 5-HT_2C receptor agonist, (R)(−)-DOI hydrochloride (DOI), into the third ventricle stimulates PRL secretion, whereas the 5-HT_1A receptor agonist, (+/−)-8-OH-DPAT hydrobromide (DPAT), inhibits PRL secretion. Using the immediate-early gene, c-fos, as an indicator of neuronal activity, in situ hybridization histochemistry showed preferential c-fos co-localization within tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons (the rate limiting enzyme in DA synthesis) in the areas of the nucleus preopticus medialis (POM) and the nucleus premammillaris (PMM), in response to DPAT and DOI, respectively. To clarify the involvement of 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_2C receptors in PRL regulation, their mRNA expression was determined on hypothalamic tissue sections from birds in different reproductive stages. A significant difference in 5-HT_1A receptor was observed, with the POM of hypoprolactinemic short day and photorefractory birds showing the highest expression. 5-HT_2C receptors mRNA did not change during the reproductive cycle. The data presented support the notion that DA neurons in the PMM and POM mediate the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of 5-HT, respectively, on PRL secretion and the 5-HTergic system can both stimulate and inhibit PRL secretion.     

酒精性肝硬化患者血清内毒素、IL-6、IL-8和PRL检测的临床意义

目的:探讨了酒精性肝硬化患者血清内毒素、IL-6、IL-8和PRL水平的变化及临床意义。方法:采血鲎试验、放射免疫分析对31例酒精性肝硬化患者进行了血清内毒素、IL-6、IL-8和PRL的检测,并与35名正常人作比较。结果:酒精性肝硬化患者血清内毒素、IL-6、IL-8和PRL水平均非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01),且血清内毒素水平与IL-6、IL-8和PRL水平呈正相关(r=0.4788、0.5126.0.6137,P<0.01)。结论:检测酒精性肝硬化患者血清内毒素、IL-6、IL-8和PRL水平的变化,对该病的诊断、治疗和预后观察均有一定的临床实用价值。     

Somatostatin receptors: From signaling to clinical practice

Somatostatin is a peptide with a potent and broad antisecretory action, which makes it an invaluable drug target for the pharmacological management of pituitary adenomas and neuroendocrine tumors. Somatostatin receptors (SSTR1, 2A and B, 3, 4 and 5) belong to the G protein coupled receptor family and have a wide expression pattern in both normal tissues and solid tumors. Investigating the function of each SSTR in several tumor types has provided a wealth of information about the common but also distinct signaling cascades that suppress tumor cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis. This provided the rationale for developing multireceptor-targeted somatostatin analogs and combination therapies with signaling-targeted agents such as inhibitors of the mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR). The ability of SSTR to internalize and the development of rabiolabeled somatostatin analogs have improved the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors.