飞机噪声对神经行为功能影响的研究

目的　探讨飞机噪声对接噪人员神经行为功能的影响。方法　采用神经行为核心测试组合（ＮＣＴＢ）的ＰＯＭＳ量表和神经行为功能综合测试仪对接噪人员和对照组进行调查测试。结果　接噪组紧张－ 焦虑、忧郁－ 沮丧、疲惫－ 惰性得分显著高于对照组,且与工龄有关,接噪人员听简单反应时、听选择反应时、敏捷能力与对照组比较均有显著差异。结论　飞机噪声对人体情感状态、神经反应时均有显著影响     

Gabapentin's acute effect on mood profile -- a controlled study on patients with alcohol withdrawal

RATIONALE: Delayed beneficial effects of gabapentin on mood were frequently reported in various patient populations. This is the first controlled study which addressed acute effects of gabapentin on mood. METHODS: Analysis of the German version of Profile of Mood States (POMS) throughout a randomised placebo-controlled, double-blinded study of gabapentin on acute alcohol withdrawal [Bonnet, U., Banger, M., Leweke, F.M., Specka, M., Müller, B.W., Hashemi, T., Nyhuis, P.W., Kutscher, S., Burtscheidt, W., Gastpar, M. 2003. Treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal with gabapentin -- results from a controlled two-center trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 23, 514-519]. In addition, subjective severity of alcohol withdrawal was determined by the Essen Self-Assessment of Alcohol Withdrawal Scale (ESA) to control effects of concurrent withdrawal on POMS. Ratings were performed at intake (baseline), day 1 (study medication 400 mg q.i.d.), day 2 (study medication 400 mg q.i.d.) and day 7 (no study medication). RESULTS: Analyses could be performed on 46 out of 59 randomised subjects. Within the first two days of the study, a significant stronger increase in the POMS-vigour subscore occurred in the gabapentin group. A subgroup analysis suggests that gabapentin's effect on vigour largely results from a stronger improvement of vigour in a small group of 11 patients with co-morbid mild depression (according to ICD-10: dysthymia or depressive adjustment disorder). There were no significant differences between the treatment groups regarding the other POMS-subscores (dejection, fatigue, anger) ruling out an overall fast effect on mood. Moreover, ESA-measures were not significantly altered indicating a missing effect of 400 mg gabapentin q.i.d. on acute alcohol withdrawal itself. After tapering off study medication, no more significant differences between gabapentin and placebo group were observed on vigour, strongly suggesting that the initial effect results from a pharmacological gabapentin action. CONCLUSION: Gabapentin selectively accelerated the improvement of the vigour-subscore of patients with acute alcohol withdrawal within 48 h. This effect was independent from the subjective severity of withdrawal and especially marked in patients with co-morbid mild depression.     

驾驶疲劳对情绪的影响

目的：探讨驾驶疲劳对于情绪的影响.方法：采用组间对照,对照组为12名充分休息的出租车司机,实验组为27名连续驾驶10h的出租车司机.采用简明心境量表（POMS）和困倦/清醒量表（Visual Analogue Scales,VAS）进行测评.结果：驾驶疲劳后愤怒-敌意、疲惫-惰性、紧张-焦虑等负性情绪增加显著;主观自评清醒程度降低,困倦程度增加.结论：驾驶疲劳后负性情绪增加.     

The Quick Mood Scale: development of a simple mood assessment scale for clinical pharmacology studies

This paper describes the initial steps in the development and validation of a mood scale designed specifically for use in clinical pharmacology studies. The Quick Mood Scale is a 12-item category scale which gives information on six factors of importance in the assessment of drug effects on the central nervous system (drowsiness, anxiety, depression, aggression, confusion and lack of coordination). In the first study normative data were obtained from administering the questionnaire by post to over 300 healthy subjects, from whom 261 valid responses were received. Respondents were also asked to complete the bipolar form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). In the second study the test–retest reliabilities of items from the Quick Mood Scale and POMS were assessed in 32 healthy subjects tested at baseline, after 1 h, 24 h and 1 week. It was concluded that the Quick Mood Scale is potentially suitable for the assessment of drug effects in clinical pharmacology studies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of orally administered diazepam and midazolam on plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH and preoperative anxiety

Ninety-five women undergoing induced abortion were randomly premedicated with oral diazepam, 5 or 10 mg, midazolam 15 mg, or intramuscular placebo, 40-60 min before the induction of anesthesia. Prior to premedication and again prior to the procedure, the women completed the questionnaire sheet for the Profile of Mood States (POMS), and plasma samples for immunoreactive beta-endorphin (ir beta-E) and ACTH were taken. The Oblique Tension-Anxiety (T-A) Factor scores derived from POMS correlated with plasma concentrations of ir beta-E and ACTH after premedication. The T-A scores decreased in women premedicated with diazepam, 5 and 10 mg, or midazolam, 15 mg, but not in women treated with placebo. The women premedicated with midazolam, 15 mg, became more fatigued after premedication. The changes in blood pressure after premedication correlated with T-A scores. A positive correlation was found between heart rate and plasma beta-endorphin concentration. The changes in ir beta-E and ACTH did not correlate with the changes in T-A scores. We conclude that POMS T-A scores are useful for assessment of preoperative anxiety and the effect of premedication. The present study did not provide any reliable proof to confirm the hypothesis of a relationship between plasma concentrations of ir beta-E or ACTH and preoperative anxiety. Since many factors modulate endorphin and ACTH secretion prior to operation, the measurement of endogenous opiates may be of limited value in assessment of the effects of preanesthetic medication.     

Validity of the revised Impact on Family (IOF) scale

OBJECTIVE: To assess psychometric properties of the revised 15-item Impact on Family (IOF) Scale. STUDY DESIGN: A secondary analysis of items using data collected from 252 parents during an earlier randomized clinical trial. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis identified a single factor with factor loadings similar to that of IOF developers. The one factor accounts for 45.7% of the sample variance. An Item Response Theory analysis found that 11 of the 15 items had alpha values greater than 1.00, with good to excellent item characteristic and item information curves. The test information and measurement error curves for the entire IOF were excellent. Construct validity of the IOF also was supported. Parent IOF scores correlated in the expected directions with maternal mood (r = -0.50), sibling behavior problems (r = -0.35), and severity of illness (r = 0.31) and were associated with family socioeconomic status (t = -4.5, all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides independent support for validity and reliability of the revised IOF scale. This scale is a promising, easy-to-use instrument for the measurement of impact of illness and disability on families of children with chronic illness or disability.     

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COCAINE CRAVING AMONG NON-TREATMENT-SEEKING INDIVIDUALS WITH COCAINE DEPENDENCE

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate potential gender differences in cocaine craving among non–treatment seekers with cocaine dependence. We examined 10 female and 11 male individuals matched by demographic characteristics and severity of drug use; we used a multidimensional questionnaire that assesses various aspects of craving: (a) current intensity, (b) projected intensity, (c) resistance to use cocaine, (d) responsiveness to drug-related conditioned stimuli, and (e) imagined likelihood of use if in a setting with access to drugs. Other instruments utilized were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Addiction Severity Index. Female subjects had higher total craving scores (p <. 05), with post hoc tests showing more present desire to use cocaine and responsivity to drug-conditioned stimuli, along with lower scores on the desire not to use cocaine. In exploratory analyses, we found greater depressive symptomatology (p =. 02) and severity of family/social problems (p =. 02) in females than their males counterparts. These results suggest that gender may influence different aspects of cocaine craving. As estrogen is purported to modulate craving-related dopaminergic systems, further studies will be needed to confirm these observed gender differences and to investigate their possible mechanisms, particularly estrogendopamine interactions and their effect on craving and mood.     

Sensitivity to Change in Cognitive Performance and Mood Measures of Energy and Fatigue in Response to Differing Doses of Caffeine or Breakfast

This double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects (N = 18) experiment compared the sensitivity to change of cognitive performance and mood measures of mental energy following consumption of either 100 or 200-mg caffeine or a 440-calorie breakfast. Breakfast and 200-mg caffeine improved mood and cognitive performance. The sensitivity to change of the measures did not differ in response to any treatment (all p values > .05). The mood and cognitive measures of mental energy used here have similar sensitivity to detecting change in response to a moderate dose of caffeine and breakfast consumption.     

补充爱维治对古典式摔跤运动员部分心理生理指标影响观察

对 8名古典式摔跤运动员补充爱维治后心境状态、皮电、皮温、肌力等心理生理指标进行了测试 ,结果显示 ,爱维治可以提高服用者的觉醒度 ,可以增加服用者的“精力” ,从而可降低疲劳对运动能力的影响