α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚改善Aβ25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤及机制

目的：探究α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚对β淀粉样蛋白活性片段Aβ_25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤模型的保护作用及相关作用机制。方法：采用Aβ_25-35诱导PC12细胞建立Aβ毒性损伤细胞模型。将PC12细胞分为空白对照组、模型对照组、α-细辛醚组（0.5、1.0、1.5?μg/mL）、β-细辛醚组（6.3、12.5、25.0?μg/mL）、血管活性肠肽（VIP）组,并设VIP拮抗剂对照。采用细胞计数试剂盒（CCK-8）法检测细胞存活率;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;酶联免疫吸附试验检测炎症因子白介素（IL）-1、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α,氧化因子诱生型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、一氧化氮（NO）和凋亡因子caspase-3、p53水平;蛋白质印迹法检测细胞c-Jun氨基端激酶（JNK）、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）蛋白表达。结果：与模型对照组比较,α-细辛醚组、β-细辛醚组和VIP组细胞存活率增加,细胞凋亡率下降,凋亡因子caspase-3、p53和炎症因子IL-1、TNF-α水平下降,IL-10水平升高,氧化因子iNOS和NO水平下降,c-Jun氨基端激酶（JNK）、p38MAPK蛋白表达减少（均P<0.05）。VIP拮抗剂干预后,β-细辛醚组细胞存活率下降,细胞凋亡率增加,凋亡因子caspase-3、p53和炎症因子IL-1、TNF-α水平升高,IL-10水平下降,氧化因子iNOS和NO水平升高,JNK、p38MAPK蛋白表达增加（均P<0.05）;α-细辛醚组无显著变化（均P>0.05）。结论：α-细辛醚、β-细辛醚对Aβ_25-35诱导的PC12细胞损伤模型具有保护作用,β-细辛醚可通过促进VIP的分泌,调控JNK/MAPK通路从而抑制炎症因子、氧化因子水平,改善PC12细胞凋亡;α-细辛醚作用机制与VIP分泌水平无明显联系。     

谷氨酸转运体-1在H2S保护PC12细胞对抗化学性低氧损伤中的作用

目的探讨谷氨酸转运体-1（GLT-1）在硫化氢（H2S）保护PC12细胞对抗化学性低氧损伤中的作用。方法应用化学性低氧模拟剂氯化钴（CoCl2）处理PC12细胞建立化学性低氧损伤模型作为研究对象。实验分为6组,正常对照组：未经任何药物处理的PC12细胞;CoCl2处理组：PC12细胞用600μmol/L的CoCl2处理24h或48h;H2S单独处理组;H2S预处理组：400μmol/L NaHS（H2S的供体）提前30min作用PC12细胞,然后与CoCl2一起再作用24h或48h;DHK（一种GLT-1抑制剂）单独处理组;DHK阻断组：在NaHS预处理前30min,给以400μmol/L DHK,然后按H2S预处理组继续处理。应用蛋白免疫印迹法（Western bolt）检测GLT-1蛋白表达;CCK-8比色法测定细胞存活率;Hoechst33258核染色法检测细胞凋亡的形态学改变及数量改变;罗丹明123（Rh123）染色及荧光显微镜照相测定线粒体膜电位（MMP）。结果 600μmol/L CoCl2处理PC12细胞24h可使GLT-1表达明显减少;在CoCl2处理PC12细胞前应用400μmol/L NaHS预处理30min能明显地阻断CoCl2对GLT-1表达的抑制作用;400μmol/L的GLT-1抑制剂DHK能阻断H2S保护PC12细胞对抗CoCl2诱导的损伤作用,使细胞存活率降低,凋亡细胞数量及MMP丢失增多。结论上调GLT-1表达可能是H2S保护PC12细胞对抗CoCl2损伤的作用机制之一。     

星形胶质细胞条件培养液对tbOOH致PC12细胞凋亡的抑制作用

目的 探讨星形胶质细胞条件培养液对活性氧叔丁基脂氢过氧化物tbOOH诱导的PC12细胞凋亡的影响。方法 以分离、纯化的SD大鼠大脑皮层星形胶质细胞制备的条件培养液培养tbOOH应激的PC12细胞,采用荧光显微镜和透射电镜形态观察细胞凋亡;用流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率的变化;用巴比妥酸法评估细胞内丙二醛含量的变化。结果 tbOOH可诱导PC12细胞凋亡,而星形胶质细胞条件培养液可降低其凋亡;同时,巴比妥酸法显示星形胶质细胞条件培养液可显著性降低PC12细胞丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。结论 星形胶质细胞条件培养液有提高PC12细胞抗氧化能力,可抑制活性氧tbOOH诱导的神经细胞凋亡。     

基于数据挖掘分析针灸治疗房颤选穴规律

【目的】基于数据挖掘技术和可视化分析系统,探讨针灸治疗房颤的选穴规律。【方法】检索PubMed、Embase、Medline、Cochrane、中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、维普数据库(VIP)和万方数据库(WanFang)8个数据库,筛选建库至2020年11月针灸治疗房颤的全部随机对照试验文献,对腧穴频次、归经及腧穴关联规则等进行统计分析。【结果】共纳入25篇文献,涉及腧穴24个,腧穴核心配伍3组,核心腧穴4个。【结论】选穴频次最高的穴位为内关,特定穴以交会穴为主,多选取任脉、心包经的腧穴,腧穴配伍以膻中、内关、中脘、气海为核心。针灸治疗房颤的选穴体现了中医的辨证论治思想,注重经络循行与经气的互通,重视特定穴的使用。     

Low Doses of Camptothecin Induced Hormetic and Neuroprotective Effects in PC12 Cells

Hormetic response is an adaptive mechanism for a cell or organism surviving in an unfavorable environment. It has been an intriguing subject of researches covering a broad range of biological and medical disciplines, in which the underlying significance and molecular mechanisms are under intensive investigation. In the present study, we demonstrated that topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CPT), a potent anticancer agent, induced an obvious hormetic response in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Camptothecin inhibited PC12 cell growth at relative high doses as generally acknowledged while stimulated the cell growth by as much as 39% at low doses. Moreover, low doses of CPT protected the cells from hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced cell death. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathways were reported playing pivotal roles in protecting cells from oxidative stress. We observed that these 2 pathways were upregulated by low doses of CPT, as evidenced by increased levels of phosphorylated PI3K, phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin, Nrf2, and HO-1; and abolishment of the growth-promoting and neuroprotective effects of CPT by {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LY294002","term_id":"1257998346","term_text":"LY294002"}}LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. These results suggest that the hormetic and neuroprotective effects of CPT at low doses on PC12 cells were attributable, at least partially, to upregulated PI3K/Akt and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.     

An integrated pathway interaction network for the combination of four effective compounds from ShengMai preparations in the treatment of cardio-cerebral ischemic diseases

Aim:

SMXZF (a combination of ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, schizandrin and DT-13) derived from Chinese traditional medicine formula ShengMai preparations) is capable of alleviating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. In this study we used network pharmacology approach to explore the mechanisms of SMXZF in the treatment of cardio-cerebral ischemic diseases.

Methods:

Based upon the chemical predictors, such as chemical structure, pharmacological information and systems biology functional data analysis, a target-pathway interaction network was constructed to identify potential pathways and targets of SMXZF in the treatment of cardio-cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, the most related pathways were verified in TNF-α-treated human vascular endothelial EA.hy926 cells and H2O2-treated rat PC12 cells.

Results:

Three signaling pathways including the NF-κB pathway, oxidative stress pathway and cytokine network pathway were demonstrated to be the main signaling pathways. The results from the gene ontology analysis were in accordance with these signaling pathways. The target proteins were found to be associated with other diseases such as vision, renal and metabolic diseases, although they exerted therapeutic actions on cardio-cerebral ischemic diseases. Furthermore, SMXZF not only dose-dependently inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB, p50, p65 and IKKα/β in TNF-α-treated EA.hy926 cells, but also regulated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in H2O2-treated PC12 cells.

Conclusion:

NF-κB signaling pathway, oxidative stress pathway and cytokine network pathway are mainly responsible for the therapeutic actions of SMXZF against cardio-cerebral ischemic diseases.     

Deleting the BAFF receptor TACI protects against systemic lupus erythematosus without extensive reduction of B cell numbers

B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) is an essential B cell survival factor. However, high levels of BAFF promote systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice and humans. Belimumab (anti-human BAFF) limits B cell survival and is approved for use in patients with SLE. Surprisingly, the efficacy of rituximab (anti-human CD20) in SLE remains controversial, despite depleting B cells more potently than belimumab. This raises the question of whether B cell depletion is really the mechanism of action of belimumab. In BAFF transgenic mice, SLE development is T cell-independent but relies on innate activation of B cells via TLRs, and TLR expression is modulated by the BAFF receptor TACI. Here, we show that loss of TACI on B cells protected against BAFF-mediated autoimmune manifestations while preserving B cells, suggesting that loss of BAFF signaling through TACI rather than loss of B cells may underpin the effect of belimumab in the clinic. Therefore, B cell-sparing blockade of TACI may offer a more specific and safer therapeutic alternative to broad B cell depletion in SLE.     

Regulation of cell growth and expression of 7B2, PC2, and PC1/3 by TGFbeta 1 and sodium butyrate in a human pituitary cell line (HP75)

Recent studies have shown that 7B2 and the neuroendocrine-specific proconvertase PC2 have important roles in pituitary cell proliferation and hormone secretion. Studies from our laboratory have also shown that TGFb1 regulates anterior pituitary cell proliferation and hormone secretion. To study the regulation of 7B2 in human pituitary tumors, we used a cell line derived from a human pituitary adenoma (HP75) that has been shown to express 7B2, PC1, PC2, and TGFβ receptors to analyze the effects of TGFβ1 and the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) sodium butyrate (NaB) treatment on 7B2 mRNA expression along with the neuroendocrine-specific proconvertases 1/3 (PC1) and PC2 mRNA and protein expression. RNA was quantified by real-time PCR and proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Treatment of cells with 1 mM NaB or 1 nM TGFβ1 for 4 d decreased cell proliferation with a concomitant increase in the cell cycle protein p21. Real-time PCR analysis showed a significant increase in 7B2 mRNA after NaB and TGFβ1 treatment. PC2 mRNA was down regulated by NaB while PC1 mRNA was unchanged. TGFβ1 stimulated PC1, but not PC2 mRNA levels. Changes in PC1 and PC2 protein were similar to changes in the mRNAs, but the differences were not significant. These results indicated that NaB and TGFβ1 inhibit pituitary cell proliferation and regulate the expression of 7B2, PC1, and PC2 in a cell culture model of pituitary tumors. Our results also indicate that inhibition of pituitary cell proliferation is associated with increased expression of 7B2 mRNA.     

Dose- and time-dependent gene expression alterations in prostate and colon cancer cells after in vitro exposure to carbon ion and X-irradiation

Hadrontherapy is an advanced form of radiotherapy that uses beams of charged particles (such as protons and carbon ions). Compared with conventional radiotherapy, the main advantages of carbon ion therapy are the precise absorbed dose localization, along with an increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE). This high ballistic accuracy of particle beams deposits the maximal dose to the tumor, while damage to the surrounding healthy tissue is limited. Currently, hadrontherapy is being used for the treatment of specific types of cancer. Previous in vitro studies have shown that, under certain circumstances, exposure to charged particles may inhibit cell motility and migration. In the present study, we investigated the expression of four motility-related genes in prostate (PC3) and colon (Caco-2) cancer cell lines after exposure to different radiation types. Cells were irradiated with various absorbed doses (0, 0.5 and 2 Gy) of accelerated ¹³C-ions at the GANIL facility (Caen, France) or with X-rays. Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the RBE. RT-qPCR analysis showed dose- and time-dependent changes in the expression of CCDC88A, FN1, MYH9 and ROCK1 in both cell lines. However, whereas in PC3 cells the response to carbon ion irradiation was enhanced compared with X-irradiation, the effect was the opposite in Caco-2 cells, indicating cell-type–specific responses to the different radiation types.     

Toxicological aspects of trans fat consumption over two sequential generations of rats: Oxidative damage and preference for amphetamine

Chronic consumption of processed food causes structural changes in membrane phospholipids, affecting brain neurotransmission. Here we evaluated noxious influences of dietary fats over two generations of rats on amphetamine (AMPH)-conditioned place preference (CPP). Female rats received soybean oil (SO, rich in n-6 fatty acids (FA)), fish oil (FO, rich in n-3 FA) and hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF, rich in trans fatty acids (TFA)) for two successive generations. Male pups from the 2nd generation were maintained on the same supplementation until 41 days of age, when they were conditioned with AMPH in CPP. While the FO group showed higher incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated-FA (PUFA) in cortex/hippocampus, the HVF group showed TFA incorporation in these same brain areas. The SO and HVF groups showed AMPH-preference and anxiety-like symptoms during abstinence. Higher levels of protein carbonyl (PC) and lower levels of non-protein thiols (NPSH) were observed in cortex/hippocampus of the HVF group, indicating antioxidant defense system impairment. In contrast, the FO group showed no drug-preference and lower PC levels in cortex. Cortical PC was positively correlated with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio, locomotion and anxiety-like behavior, and hippocampal PC was positively correlated with AMPH-preference, reinforcing connections between oxidative damage and AMPH-induced preference/abstinence behaviors. As brain incorporation of trans and n-6 PUFA modifies its physiological functions, it may facilitate drug addiction.