小骨窗开颅微创血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床体会

目的：探讨小骨窗开颅微创血肿清除术和传统骨瓣开颅血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的效果。方法：回顾性分析本院2010年1月-2014年10月采用两种手术方法治疗的高血压脑出血患者的临床资料。结果：传统手术患者再出血几率较低,小骨窗微创手术能减少患者术后的并发症,缩短患者的住院时间,并能有效降低患者的致残率,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：在人员技术、设施设备能满足条件的前提下,采用小骨窗开颅微创血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血效果更好。     

小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血51例临床疗效观察

目的研究小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血的临床效果,为临床高血压基底脑出血的治疗提供依据。方法对入院治疗的102例患者进行研究,随机分为二组,对照组采用常规骨瓣开颅手术,观察组采用小骨窗入路显微外科治疗,比较二组患者GCS评分、溃疡及癫的发生率,二组患者手术时间、血肿清除率以及术后再出血率,比较二组患者脑梗死、脑积液等并发症的发生率,并对二组患者日常生活能力进行评分比较。结果观察组患者术后24h GCS评分明显高于对照组,癫及溃疡的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者手术时间明显低于对照组,血肿清除率以及术后再出血率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者脑梗死、脑积液、肺部感染等并发症的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者生活能力良好率为80.4%,明显高于对照组54.9%,二组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血临床效果显著,手术操作时间更短,患者并发症更少,患者恢复生活能力的良好率更高,值得临床推广应用。     

颞肌切除辅助标准大骨瓣开颅治疗特重型颅脑损伤的可行性及安全性

目的:探讨颞肌切除辅助标准大骨瓣开颅治疗特重型颅脑损伤的可行性及安全性。方法:将31位特重型颅脑损伤的患者随机分为研究组及对照组,研究组16例患者行颞肌切除辅助标准大骨瓣开颅血肿清除减压术,对照组15例患者只行标准大骨瓣开颅血肿清除减压术,对两组患者进行为期3个月的随访,观察比较疗效及并发症的发生率。结果:研究组疗效明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组和对照组出现的不良反应发生率分别为43.8%和46.7%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:颞肌切除辅助标准大骨瓣开颅术疗效优于标准大骨瓣开颅术疗效。     

颅内动脉瘤开颅夹闭术患者行围术期护理干预对术后康复的影响研究

目的：研究和探讨颅内动脉瘤开颅夹闭术患者行围手术期护理干预对术后康复的影响。方法选取我院2012年7月至2014年7月收治的150例颅内动脉瘤实施开颅夹闭术患者为研究对象,按照护理方法不同分为观察组（75例,围手术期护理干预）和对照组（75例,围手术期常规护理）,对比两组患者的术后康复效果。结果观察组患者恢复良好比例、护理满意率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）;观察组患者并发症总发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P ﹤0.05）。结论颅内动脉瘤开颅夹闭术患者在围手术期施行护理干预,可改善预后,减少并发症发生率,有利于患者更好的康复,值得临床推广应用。     

Craneofaringiomas: experiencia y resultados

IntroductionCraniopharyngiomas are a big challenge in the neurosurgical field. Because these lesions involve important systems, surgeons must weigh the risks of aggressive resection against the long-term challenges of recurrence. We present the outcomes of our patients based on clinical results, degree of resection, recurrence and disease-free survival.Materials and methodsWe reviewed medical records in all patients who had undergone surgical resection for craniopharyngioma at (Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires) between 2007 and 2019. We considered ophthalmological examinations, imaging studies, endocrinological studies and surgical complications. Radical resections were planned in all of the patients. To help choose the correct surgical approach, craniopharyngiomas were classified based on tumor location.ResultsThirty cases of craniopharyngioma were analysed. 12.5% were classified as intrasellar, 12.5% as prechiasmatic, 43.75% as retrochiasmatic, and 31.25% as intraventricular. Overall, 38 cases involved a transcranial surgery (15 orbitozygomatic approach; 19 pterional approach and 4 transcallosal approach), seven involved a transsphenoidal approach, two microscopic transnasal approach and one ventricular endoscopy for emptying the craniopharyngioma cyst. Gross-total resection was achieved in 43.7% and near-total resection (more than 90%) in 25%. The mean follow-up period after resection was 4.7 years. Tumor recurrence occurred in 48%, with an average of 42.7 disease-free months.ConclusionTotal tumor resection is the best treatment for craniopharyngioma. Due to its high morbidity and mortality, a multidisciplinary team is necessary for the management of these tumors.     

快速开颅技术在外伤性颅内血肿合并脑疝抢救治疗中的效果

目的分析快速开颅技术在外伤性颅内血肿合并脑疝抢救治疗中的临床价值。方法随机选取2012-10—2013-10我院诊治的外伤性颅内血肿合并脑疝患者72例,按照完全抽样法1︰1分成2组,对照组患者行常规血肿清除术,研究组患者行快速开颅血肿清除术,比较2组治疗后近期疗效、血生化指标与生存质量情况。结果研究组患者骨窗完成时间(12.87±5.24)min,较对照组的(27.94±3.78)min短,随访良好率52.78%,对照组30.56%,研究组病死率11.11%,对照组33.33%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);研究组患者手术后的颅内压、手术第14天与第28天S-100B水平与NDS评分均显著低于对照组(P0.01),研究组手术第7、14与28天NSE水平均较对照组低(P0.05)。结论外伤性颅内出血合并脑疝患者开颅清除术前行快速减压法,可缩短完成骨窗时间,减轻神经功能缺损严重程度,改善术后生存质量。     

标准大骨瓣开颅手术对重型创伤性颅脑损伤所致颅内血肿的临床疗效研究

目的：探讨标准大骨瓣开颅手术对重型创伤性颅脑损伤所致颅内血肿（sTBI）患者的神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和炎症因子的影响。方法将64例 sTBI 患者按照奇偶数字法随机分为常规手术组（常规组）与标准大骨瓣开颅手术组（标准组）,各32例。比较两组术后格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）、手术前后血清各炎性因子（IL-8、IL-6、TNF-α、ICAM-1、IL-10）及神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平变化情况、术后并发症发生率。结果标准组 GOS 评分情况显著优于常规组（P ＜0．05）;常规组治疗后 IL-6、TNF-α、ICAM-1及 NSE 水平较治疗前均显著降低（P ＜0．05）,标准组治疗后 IL-8、IL-6、TNF-α、ICAM-1及 NSE 水平较治疗前均显著降低（P ＜0．05,P ＜0．01）,IL-10水平较治疗前显著升高（P ＜0．05）;常规组术后出现3例脑脊液漏、4例切口疝,标准组术后出现2例脑脊液漏、3例切口疝,二者术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论各炎症因子与 NSE 在急性创伤性颅脑损伤过程中均扮演着重要的角色,标准大骨瓣开颅手术可对上述指标进行有效控制,以减小患者病情严重程度。     

Anatomical Variations in the Pseudosylvian Fissure Morphology of Brachy‐, Dolicho‐, and Mesaticephalic Dogs

The purpose of the study is the following: (1) to anatomically characterize the right and the left pseudosylvian fissure (Psf) morphology; (2) to determine Psf variations between both hemispheres and between the three considered groups; and (3) to understand how these variations may influence brain surgery for dogs. Also we sought to determine whether there are any potential differences between brachy‐ (B), dolicho‐ (D), and mesaticephalic (M) dogs. The present study considered 138 brain hemispheres (N = 138) from 69 adult dog cadavers and used bregma craniometric point (b‐ the junction of coronal and sagittal cranial vault sutures) to characterize the Psf location on the superolateral brain surface. For statistical analysis, P values <0.05 were considered significant. The Psf was easily identified in all specimens at both hemispheres. Statistically significant differences for Psf width were registered between the groups, presenting M as the narrowest Psf regions. Fissure body length can be sorted in ascending order as D < M < B in both hemispheres, with the left Psf bigger than the right for all considered skulls. The greatest difference was registered in the B group with the left Psf 25.0% bigger than the right. Bregma has proved to be useful to appoint Psf location as more superior or inferior in the encephalic lateral surface, exhibiting in all groups the left Psf a superior position. For the groups the most inferior location was registered in M and the most superior in D. Understanding the Psf morphology and anatomical variations may provide important information to ensure safer intracranial procedures. Anat Rec, 298:1255–1260, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.