职业生涯规划与护理学专业学生专业思想教育

护理学专业思想教育是医学院校护理学专业学生入学后的必修课程.如何引导学生热爱护理学专业,稳定专业思想,增加专业认同感,培养职业意识,提高职业能力,树立终身为护理事业奋斗的职业理想,是高等医学院校思想政治工作的一项重要任务.本文在护理学专业思想教育中引入职业生涯规划,从护理学专业学生职业牛涯规划的概念出发,阐述了职业生涯规划对专业思想教育的意义,分析了高校学生职业生涯规划的现状,并结合护理学专业特点,提出了运用护理学专业学生职业生涯规划搞好专业思想教育的对策.     

深圳龙岗区2000～2005年有机溶剂职业性危害事故调查分析

目的：了解分析深圳市龙岗区2000～2005年间共发生的25起有机溶剂职业性危害事故.方法：按职业病诊断标准对收集的25起有机溶剂职业性损害资料进行分析.按照GB/T4754-94《国民经济行业分类和代码》大类划分行业,职业损害原因划分按卫生部卫统19表中的规定.结果：25起事故中,损害38人,死亡6人,死亡率15.79%.三氯乙烯15起,列首位（60.00%）;患者16人,死亡4人,死亡率高达25.00%,占全区有机溶剂死亡人数构成比的首位（66.67%）.结论：三氯乙烯是引起我区有机溶剂中毒的主要毒物;造成事故原因主要为密闭通风排毒措施不佳,个人防护较差,职工缺乏安全防护知识所致.     

洛阳市某企业职业健康教育调查

[目的]了解洛阳市某企业有害作业人群有关《职业病防治法》的知识、信念、行为情况,为进一步开展企业的健康教育提供参考。[方法]2005年根据《职业病防治法》相关内容,采用问卷方式,调查接触职业病危害因素1年以上的职工。[结果]调查325人,对有关知识的知晓率为5.2%~82.8%,具有有关信念的占78.1%~89.2%,有关行为形成率为38.8%~95.4%。有关知识得分,36~55岁为(15.78±3.68)分,19~35岁为(17.54±3.77)分(P<0.05);有关知识、信念、行为得分,工龄10年及以上者均高于工龄不足10年者(P<0.01);有关知识、信念与行为得分大专以上学历者较高(P<0.01)。[结论]某企业职工的职业卫生知识、信念与行为均不够理想。     

东莞市桥头镇7种职业人群HBsAg流行情况分析

目的探讨HBsAg阳性与不同职业人群的关系,为进一步防治乙型肝炎提供依据。方法选取在东莞市桥头镇生活、工作和学习2 a以上,2004年参加预防性和职业性体检的7种不同职业的5 800人的HBV血清学检测结果进行统计分析。结果职业人群中HBsAg阳性率为13.84%;7种不同职业人群中,HBsAg阳性率较高的为接触生产性粉尘的工人(21.45%)和接触有机溶剂的人群(18.95%),在校师生最低(6.30%);HBsAg阳性率男性高于女性(χ2=24.838,P<0.001);年龄分布以20~29岁组HBsAg阳性率最高(15.48%),0~9岁组最低(3.64%);HBsAg阳性者HBV感染模式有9种,以“大三阳”最多(37.73%);其次为“小三阳”(36.49%)。结论桥头镇7种职业人群HBsAg阳性率高,且感染情况复杂,应进一步加强乙肝防治工作,特别是要加强高危人群的健康监护和行为干预。     

某节能灯厂建设项目职业病危害因素识别与预评价

目的 识别、评价、控制建设项目可能产生的职业病危害因素,保护劳动者健康及其相关权益.方法 采用检查表法、类比法和定量分级法相结合的方式进行评价.结果 拟建项目的生产过程中可能产生粉尘、甲苯、酮类、汞、铅烟、高温、噪声等主要职业病危害因素.结论 该建设项目属严重职业病危害的建设项目,但选址、总平面布置和防护措施的设计符合国家有关规定,只要严格实施职业病危害防护“三同时“,工程投产后将能达到预防职业病危害预期的效果.     

The quality of communication between parents and adolescent children in the case of parental cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate: (i) parent-adolescent communication in families of cancer patients; (ii) relationships between parent-adolescent communication and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in adolescent children; and (iii) associations between parents' illness characteristics and parent-adolescent communication. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 212 adolescents completed the Impact of Event Scale and Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale. RESULTS: Adolescents communicated less openly with mothers with cancer than controls with mothers; this was the only significant difference with the reference group. Daughters communicated more openly with ill parents than with healthy parents. More open communication with healthy parents was related to fewer PTSS in daughters. More problem communication with both parents was related to more PTSS in both sons and daughters. Sons reported more problems in communication with ill parents in case of more intensive treatment or recurrent disease. Daughters experienced less open communication with both parents when ill parents received more intensive treatment. Time since diagnosis was not related to parent-adolescent communication. Multivariate analyses showed that communication patterns specifically affected PTSS of daughters. Problem communication with the healthy parent was the strongest predictor of intrusion while problem communication with the ill parents was the strongest predictor of avoidance. CONCLUSIONS: Parent-adolescent communication in families of cancer patients differs little from that in families not confronted with parental cancer. Problem communication outweighed lack of openness with respect to development of PTSS. Recurrent disease and intensive treatment regimens affected parent-adolescent communication negatively.     

Mutagenic activity in waste from an aluminum products factory in Salmonella/microsome assay

The mutagenic activity of waste material originating from an aluminum products factory was determined by the Salmonella/microsome assay, using the bacterial strains TA100, TA98 and YG1024. The material was obtained by sweeping the factory floor at the end of the work shift. Organic compounds were extracted by ultrasound for 30 min in dichloromethane or 70% ethanol. After evaporation of solvent, these extracts were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, and tested for the mutagenic activity at varying concentrations. All the extracts from the factory had mutagenic activity, especially in the YG1024 strain, suggesting the presence of aromatic amines, later confirmed by chemical analysis. The TA98 strain also showed mutagenic activity, though it did not exhibit the highest mutagenicity index observed with the YG1024 strain. In TA100, mutagenic activity was not observed. This study should serve as an alert to management and those who are occupationally exposed, and as a warning that this type of waste should not be discarded in the environment without any control.     

军队老年人阿尔茨海默病危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨军队老年人阿尔茨海默病(AD)的危险因素,初步分析早年电磁暴露与AD的关系。方法 采用病例对照研究。选择解放军总医院近年来确诊的62例军队AD患者为病例组,在同一医院住院治疗的离退休老干部中按照年龄段分层抽样(按1:2比例)选取124例对照。调查方式为电话访谈。结果 单因素分析结果显示,病例组社会活动情况明显少于对照组,早年电磁暴露、体育锻炼情况、负性生活事件、慢性阻塞性肺病病史、既往癌症病史、痴呆家族史在两组间差异有显著性。在调整相关影响因素后,负性生活事件、痴呆家族史、社会活动量的OR值(95％CI)分别为3.27(1.53～6.97)、5.78(1.39～24.10)和0.81(0.72～0.92),早年电磁暴露的OR值(95％CI)为2.49(0.96～6.45),而既往癌症病史和吸烟似与AD呈负相关。结论 负性生活事件、痴呆家族史、社会活动减少是AD的独立危险因素,早年电磁暴露是其可能的危险因素;吸烟和既往癌症病史与AD呈负相关的原因可能与该老年人群的“生存偏性”有关。     

实习护生职业防护知识需求的调查与对策

目的调查实习护士学生对职业防护知识的需求,以便采取有效对策. 方法以问卷形式调查50名正在实习的本科和中专护士学生. 结果被调查的护生中,96%学习过医院感染控制的相关知识,96%认为对职业防护知识掌握不够,56%认为要增加相关操作示范的机会,80%希望从医院获取职业防护知识,96%认为手指最易受刺伤,64%害怕工作中感染艾滋病,44%接受了乙肝疫菌注射,60%认为应在实习前进行职业防护知识教育. 结论根据学生的需求,实习前由医院对护士学生进行职业防护知识教育很有必要.     

护理人员传染病职业防护调查分析

目的了解护理人员传染病职业防护知识现状,为实施传染病职业防护护理培训提供依据. 方法采用自行设计的传染病职业护理防护知识调查表,对广东省6所医院300名护理人员基本情况、防护知识获得途径、常用防护方式、传染病法律法规防护知识需求、培训后感受、面对传染病焦虑心理反应以及防护应对方式等内容进行调查. 结果护理人员的传染病防护知识欠缺,护理人员面对传染病的职业心理状态较差,与常模比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05);护理人员应对方式与工作岗位、工作角色及工作年限相关. 结论针对护理人员的传染病职业防护知识现状及需求,护理管理者应提供相应的职业防护知识和技术及心理支持等职业防护培训.