川芎嗪、尼莫通对大鼠脑出血后局部脑血流量、脑水份含量及神经行为学干预作用的研究

目的 采用立体定向术和新鲜未肝素化血液注入尾状核而建立大鼠脑出血模型，观察用药物干预后的脑出血组较单纯及脑出血组在局部脑血流量（rCBF）、脑水份含量及神经行为学方面的变化。方法 用氢清除法分别测定血肿周围和远隔部位不同时限的rCＢＦ；用干－湿重法测定两组评分的改变。结果 川芎嗪、尼莫通干预后的脑出血组血肿周围及远隔部位的rCBF明显增加，脑水份含量降低，神经行为学明显改善，与单纯出血组比较有显著性差异（P≤0.05或0.01）。结论 川芎嗪、尼莫通对实验性脑出血有疗效。     

以神经系统症状首发的恶性肿瘤37例临床分析

恶性肿瘤以神经系统症状起病的并非少见,但许多原发肿瘤症状不表现或隐匿.常以神经系统症状就诊从而被误诊.故现将自2001年10月至2006年11月南京军区总医院神经内科收治的以神经系统症状首发且均经CT、MRI或活检等检查后确诊的37例恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料报道如下,以期提高其诊断正确率.     

Neurologische und psychiatrische Komplikationen nach Herzoperationen

Summary In 63 patients undergoing heart operations with extracorporeal circulation (47 males, 16 females, mean age 54 years; coronary artery bypass in 38 cases, valvular surgery in the rest) postoperative neurological and psychiatric complications were evaluated. 18 patients (29%) had no complications, whereas 35 patients (56%) showed minor or transient neurological symptoms, and 9 patients (14%) exhibited severe symptoms. Nine of the patients had slight psychiatric disturbances (affective disturbances, desorientation). No correlation was found between risk factors (age, nicotine abuse, hypertension, hypercholesteremia, neurologic and cardiac history), intraoperative parameters (duration of extracorporeal bypass, aortic clamp time, deviation of mean arterial pressure), postoperative parameters (internal complications) and the complication rate. Therefore no predisposing factors could be identified.

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Improved outcome in very low birth weight infants from 1977 to 1983

Changes of mortality and neurological morbidity in 351 very low birth-weight infants cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Children's Hospital Tübingen during the years 1977 to 1983 are reported. The main finding was a survival rate increasing from 69.5% in 1977–79 to 76.6% in 1982–83 and a coinciding frequency of severe neurological sequelae decreasing from 9.2%–3.7%. The incidence of minor neurodevelopmental problems remained unchanged. However, mortality after discharge was found to be increased during the period observed. In conclusion, the intensification of neonatal intensive care in our hospital did not only reduce mortality but also the rate of severe neurological sequelae, thus not only survival rate but also the quality of survival could be improved.Abbreviations VLBW very low birth weight - LBW low birth weight - NICU neonatal intensive care unit - BPD bronchopulmonary dysplasia     

Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria associated with neurological disorders

Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) is a pigmentary genodermatosis of autosomal dominant inheritance caused by a mutation of adenosine deaminase acting on the RNA 1 gene (ADAR1). It is characterized by a mixture of hyper‐ and hypopigmented macules on the back of the hands and feet. The pathomechanism by which the ADAR1 gene mutation induces DSH has not been clarified yet. We experienced an 11‐year‐old male DSH patient associated with dystonia, mental deterioration and brain calcification, who had a mutation of p.G1007R in the ADAR1 gene. This mutation had already been reported in a patient with similar neurological symptoms by Tojo et al. Additionally, a patient with DSH associated with torsion dystonia was reported by Patrizi et al., but gene analysis was not carried out. Only three cases with neurological disorders have been reported, although more than 50 mutations of the ADAR1 gene causing DSH have been reported and none of them had any neurological symptoms. Therefore, we suggest that neurological disorders rarely develop in DSH.     

硫酸镁治疗蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛临床分析

目的观察硫酸镁治疗蛛网膜下腔出血患者的疗效。方法将发病3d内72例蛛网膜下腔出血患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。发病3d内开始用药,对照组用尼莫地平 氨甲环酸及降颅压、维持水电解质平衡等常规治疗;治疗组在此基础上每天加用硫酸镁25mg NS 250ml静滴,治疗14d,2组患者3个月后进行欧洲卒中评分(ESS)、日常生活活动能力评分(ADL)和疗效评定。结果治疗组与对照组3个月后ADL评分分别为(86.2±5.72)(、73.46±4.95),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组与对照组3个月后ESS评分分别为(89.23±3.54)(、78.22±2.16),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组与对照组3个月后总有效率分别为81.57%、68.12%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论硫酸镁能有效改善蛛网膜下腔出血患者日常生活活动能力和神经功能缺损。     

Effects of Vagal Stimulation on Experimentally Induced Seizures in Rats

Summary: Repetitive stimulation of the vagus nerve inhibits chemically induced seizures in dogs. We report here the results and conclusions from studies designed to answer some of the immediate questions raised by this finding. (1) Maximal stimulation of vagal C fibers at frequencies greater than 4 Hz prevents or reduces chemically and electrically induced seizures in young male rats. (2) Antiepileptic potency is directly related to the fraction of vagal C fibers stimulated. (3) Vagal stimulation shortens but does not shut down a chemical seizure once it has begun. (4) In rats, optimal stimulus frequency is approximately 10–20 Hz; duration of stimulus, 0.5-1 ms; and stimulus strength, 0.2-0.5 mA/mm² of nerve cross-section. These results, when taken together with similar results obtained from dogs, monkeys, and humans, strongly suggest that periodic stimulation of the vagus nerve using appropriate stimulation parameters is a powerful method for preventing seizures. The data from the literature suggest that the antiepileptic actions of vagal stimulation are largely mediated by widespread release of GAB A and glycine in the brainstem and cerebral cortex. The probable pathway is via projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract to the reticular formation and thence by diffuse projections to the cortex and other areas. Intermittent vagal stimulation has the potentiality of reducing the number and/or the intensity of seizures in patients with intractable epilepsy. These results indicate that feasibility studies in humans should be continued and expanded.     

ICAM-5 modulates cytokine/chemokine production in the CNS during the course of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection

Chemokines are important in HSE development in the CNS but underlying regulatory events are unknown. Two-hybrid binding assays identified that intercellular adhesion molecule 5 (ICAM-5), an immune modulator in the CNS, interacted with neurovirulence factor, UOL, of HSV-1. Viral load and interleukin levels were similar in UOL deletion virus (ΔUOL), and wild type virus infected mouse brains. However, higher numbers of lymphocytes, but unaltered soluble ICAM-5 and chemokine levels were detected in ΔUOL infected mouse brains. In contrast, lower lymphocyte numbers, reduced soluble ICAM-5, and higher chemokine levels were detected in wild type virus infected brains. Our results suggest that ICAM-5 plays a critical role in modulating chemokine production in the CNS.     

Brain imaging studies of developmental stuttering

This paper reviews recent brain imaging research on stuttering against a background of studies that the writer and colleagues have been conducting at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio. The paper begins by reviewing some pertinent background to recent neuroimaging investigations of developmental stuttering. It then outlines the findings from four brain imaging studies that the San Antonio group has conducted using H₂¹⁵O positron emission tomography (PET). Finally, some of the principal findings that are emerging across brain imaging studies of stuttering are reviewed, while also highlighting — and attempting to resolve — some apparent across-study inconsistencies among the findings. Research on stuttering using magnetoencephalogaphy (MEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is also considered. The findings increasingly point to a failure of normal temporal lobe activation during speech that may either contribute to (or is the result of) a breakdown in the sequencing of processing among premotor regions implicated in phonologic planning. Learning outcomes: As a result of this activity, the participant will become familiar with some recent neurophysiological correlates of stuttering and what they suggest about the nature of this disorder.     

Psychiatric aspects of multiple sclerosis

A consecutive sample of 50 patients with a diagnosis of definite multiple sclerosis was evaluated by means of the Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS) and other psychopathological instruments. A global prevalence of psychopathology of 54% was found, with the prevalence of depression being 22%. Moreover, 46% of the sample presented signs indicative of neuropsychological deterioration in the Benton Visual Retention Test. The association between the presence of psychopathology and the social and neurological characteristics of the sample was also investigated, with results of low significance.