Shoulder dystocia related fetal neurological injuries: the predisposing roles of forceps and ventouse extractions

On the basis of 333 documented cases of permanent perinatal neurological damage, associated with arrest of the shoulders at birth, the authors conducted a retrospective study in order to evaluate the predisposing role, if any, of the utilization of extraction instruments. The investigation revealed that 35% of all injuries occurred in neonates delivered by forceps, ventouse or sequential ventouse–forceps procedures. This frequency was several-fold higher than the prevailing instrument use in the practices of American obstetricians during the same years. A high rate of forceps and ventouse extractions was demonstrable in all birth weight categories. Average weight and moderately large for gestational age fetuses underwent instrumental extractions more often than grossly macrosomic ones. This circumstance indicates that forceps and ventouse are independent risk factors, unrelated to fetal size. Their use entailed central nervous system injuries significantly more often than did spontaneous deliveries. The findings suggest that extraction procedures may be as important as macrosomia among the factors that lead to neurological damage in the child in connection with shoulder dystocia. Because they augment the intrinsic dangers of excessive fetal size exponentially, the authors consider their use in case of ≥4,000 g estimated fetal weight inadvisable. Sequential forceps–ventouse utilization further doubles the risks and is, therefore, to be avoided in all circumstances.     

高压氧治疗对病毒性脑膜炎患者神经功能及脑血流状态的影响

目的：观察高压氧对改善病毒性脑膜炎患者神经功能和脑血流的作用。方法：将2011年3月～2013年10月本院收诊的病毒性脑膜炎患者随机分成两组,对照组和观察组各78例,对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上加栽高压氧,比较治疗前后两组患者美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损（NIHSS）评分、Fugl—Meyer积分、ADL评分差异及神经传导功能、大脑中动脉血流状态差异。结果：治疗1、2周后观察组患者NIHSS评分低于对照组,Fugl—Meye积分、ADL评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组正中神经、腓总神经的感觉神经和运动神经传导速度均显著快于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组大脑中动脉平均收缩期峰值流速（PSV）、血流速度（Vm）显著快于对照组,血管搏动指数（PI）显著高于对照组,阻力指数（RI）则显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．05）。结论：加载高压氧能有效改善病毒性脑膜炎患者血流供应及神经传导功能,从而促进神经功能的恢复。     

结构抗震设计理论中若干问题的探讨

介绍了工程抗震理论中一些重要的研究进展,并对若干重要问题进行了探讨,提出了一些新的学术观点。这些问题主要包括抗震设计的目标和优化策略、设防标准的确定、地震作用的计算方法、钢筋混凝土结构地震破坏的机理等。     

案例教学法在神经病教学中的应用

案例教学法是根据教学目的和培养目标的要求，教师在教学过程中以案例为基本素材，把学生带入具体的问题情境中进行分析问题和解决问题，培养学生运用理论知识并形成技能、技巧的一种方法．阐述了神经病学教学中导入病例教学法尝试所获得的成功与经验，认为开展病例导入教学是启迪学生的临床思维、培养学以致用的能力的有效途径．     

脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2与轻型缺血性卒中早期神经功能恶化风险分层的相关性研究

目的:研究脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)联合改良版ABCD2评分与轻型缺血性卒中早期神经功能恶化(END)的相关性?方法:本研究共收集148例急性轻型缺血性卒中患者为研究对象,应用改良版ABCD2评分进行风险分层,ELISA法检测患者血浆Lp-PLA2水平?结果:END和无END 2组轻型缺血性卒中患者进行比较,END组Lp-PLA2水平显著升高(P < 0.05)?Lp-PLA2与改良版ABCD2评分显著相关( P <0.05)?多因素Cox回归分析结果显示ABCD2评分(≥4分)?大动脉狭窄(≥75%)及Lp-PLA2(>200 ng/mL)是轻型脑缺血卒中END复合终点事件的预测因素(P < 0.05)?结论:Lp-PLA2联合改良版ABCD2评分可提高轻型缺血性卒中END事件的风险预测能力?     

大脑中动脉狭窄患者侧枝循环开放相关因素分析及其对预后的影响

目的 评估大脑中动脉患者的侧枝循环状况,进一步探讨大脑中动脉狭窄患者的相关影响因素及其对预后的影响.方法 选择住院患者经头颅磁共振成像（MRI）及磁共振血管成像（MRA）确诊的单侧大脑中动脉中-重度狭窄（其为责任血管）的急性脑梗死患者60例,采用经颅多普勒（TCD）评估侧枝循环,分为侧枝循环开放组及未开放组各30例,对患者的相关影响因素及NIHSS评分进行相关性分析.结果 大脑中动脉狭窄的急性脑梗死患者侧枝循环开放组与未开放组卒中量表（NIHSS）评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;其侧枝循环开放情况与冠心病、年龄、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒无相关性（P＞0.05）,而与高血压病、高脂血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症及性别有相关性（OR =0.145、0.226、6.507、4.164,P＜0.05）.结论 大脑中动脉狭窄患者侧枝循环的建立与开放及多种缺血性脑血管病的危险因素有一定相关性.     

缺血性脑血管病合并不宁腿综合征患者的睡眠质量和神经功能的特点

目的 探讨缺血性脑血管病(ICVD)合并不宁腿综合征(RLS)患者的睡眠质量和神经功能特点.方法 收集连续登记入院的首发ICVD患者临床资料,根据国际RLS研究组制定的4条基本诊断标准诊断RLS.比较ICVD合并RLS(观察组)和不合并RLS(对照组)患者的主观睡眠质量及神经功能评估结果.结果 共纳入ICVD患者370例,45例合并RLS,检出率12.2%.与对照组比较,观察组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)总分、睡眠质量、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍和催眠药物得分高;体重指数(BMI)高且少数民族所占比例高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).发病后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、改良Rankin量表(mRS)和Barthel指数(BI)两组比较差异无统计学意义.Logistic回归分析显示睡眠障碍和少数民族为ICVD合并RLS的危险因素.结论 RLS在ICVD患者中检出率高;合并RLS的ICVD患者的睡眠质量差;睡眠障碍和少数民族为ICVD合并RLS的危险因素.     

Targeting Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Restore Adult Neurogenesis

Adult neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons throughout life in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus of most mammalian species, which is closely related to aging and disease. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), also an adipokine known as visfatin, is the rate‐limiting enzyme for mammalian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage synthesis by generating nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from nicotinamide. Recent findings from our laboratory and other laboratories have provided much evidence that NAMPT might serve as a therapeutic target to restore adult neurogenesis. NAMPT‐mediated NAD biosynthesis in neural stem/progenitor cells is important for their proliferation, self‐renewal, and formation of oligodendrocytes in vivo and in vitro. Therapeutic interventions by the administration of NMN, NAD, or recombinant NAMPT are effective for restoring adult neurogenesis in several neurological diseases. We summarize adult neurogenesis in aging, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative disease and review the advances of targeting NAMPT in restoring neurogenesis. Specifically, we provide emphasis on the P7C3 family, a class of proneurogenic compounds that are potential NAMPT activators, which might shed light on future drug development in neurogenesis restoration.     

精神分裂症患者神经系统软体征随访观察

目的:探讨缺陷型、非缺陷型精神分裂症患者神经系统软体征(NSS)的长期随访特点.方法:对1997年9月曾进行NSS评定、持续住院的缺陷型和非缺陷型精神分裂症患者分别23例和30例于4年后再次进行评定,同时采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、阳性症状评定量表(SAPS)、阴性症状评定量表(SANS)评定其精神症状.结果:4年后精神分裂症患者NSS总分及顶叶、额叶、枕叶因子分均明显增加;非缺陷型患者仅顶叶、额叶因子分显著增加.NSS评分均与同期的SANS评分呈正相关,而与SAPS评分无显著相关性.结论:缺陷型精神分裂症患者NSS随病程进展呈加重趋势,其严重程度与阴性症状密切相关.