Automated classification of neonatal sleep states using EEG

Objective

To develop a method for automated neonatal sleep state classification based on EEG that can be applied over a wide range of age.

The effect of Zhusha Anshen Wan decoction on states of the sleep-waking cycle in insomnic rats★

BACKGROUND： Sedative and hypnotic chemical drugs prolong the total-sleep time （TST） by a decrease in slow-wave sleep 2 （SWS2） and rapid-eye-movement sleep （REMS） and a relative increase in slow-wave sleep 1 （SWS1）. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of the Chinese medicine Zhusha Anshen Wan at different doses on each sleeping state in insomnic rats, and to identify its mode of action in improving sleep. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized controlled study in rats. This study was performed in the Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine during the period from January 2005 to July 2006. MATERIALS： Twenty-four male Wistar rats, weighing （220±5） g, were selected. The main components in Zhusha Anshen Wan, Cinnabaris, Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Glycyrrhixae, Prepared Radix Glycyrhizae Radix Angelicae Sinensis, and Rehmannia Pride Rhizome, were authenticated by Dr Xiaowei Du, Professor of Pharmacology. ND-97 Digital Polysomnography was purchased from the Shanghai Medical Instrument High Technology Company and Footplate Electrical Stimulator from the Harbin Research Institute of Electrical Instruments. METHODS： Rats were deprived of sleep by using the Footplate Electrical Stimulator. Insomnic rats were randomized into high-, mid- and low-dose Zhusha Anshen Wan groups, eight rats in each group. Animals were administrated with different doses of Zhusha Anshen Wan （equal to crude drug 7.2, 3.6, 1.8 g/kg） consecutively for seven days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： 30 minutes after the last administration, rats of each group suffered 8 hours foot-shocks while electroencephalography signals were recorded using Digital Polysomnography. Total time of waking （W）, SWS1, SWS2, REMS and TST were calculated for pre- and post-administration, respectively. RESULTS： All 24 rats were included in the statistical analysis of the results without any loss. In the low-dose Zhusha Anshen Wan group, SWS2 was increased significantly compare     

Stroke causes a transient imbalance of interhemispheric information flow in EEG during non-REM sleep

Objective

Large-scale connectivity, especially interhemispheric connections, plays a crucial role for recovery after stroke. Here we used methods from information theory to characterize interhemispheric information flow in wake- and sleep-EEG after cerebral ischemia.

OSAS患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平与胰岛素抵抗及其相互关系

目的通过观察OSAS患者血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）及胰岛素抵抗水平,分析两者之间的关系,进一步探讨OSAS患者高同型半胱氨酸血症及脑梗死发生的可能机制。方法按照便携式睡眠呼吸监测仪的监测数据,将入选者分为OSAS组（n=42）与对照组（n=40）,检测入选者空腹血清Hcy、血糖、血清胰岛素水平,计算出胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）;比较2组血清Hcy、HOMA-IR水平,探讨血清Hcy与HO-MA-IR的关系。结果 OSAS组的血清Hcy、HOMA-IR水平较对照组显著增高（P〈0.05）,血清Hcy与HOMA-IR呈正相关（r=0.815,P〈0.01）,经偏相关分析校正体重指数及年龄的影响后它们之间仍呈正相关（r＇=0.715,P〈0.01）。结论 OSAS可能通过胰岛素抵抗的增强而影响Hcy的代谢,引起高同型半胱氨酸血症,进而导致脑梗死的发生。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征及脑卒中与认知功能障碍的关系

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）是脑卒中的危险因素,脑卒中患者合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停在流行病学上也远远高于普通人群的发病率.OSAHS及脑卒中都可以发生认知功能障碍,两者并存有可能加剧患者认知功能障碍程度及影响恢复,研究和了解OSAHS对卒中后认知功能的影响,对卒中相关认知障碍的防治有着重要的意义.     

Do periodic leg movements influence patients' perception of sleep quality?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) are a common finding in various sleep disorders. Whether PLMS are an epiphenomenon or are causally related to the presence of sleep-wake disturbances is still being debated. We investigated the relationship of the occurrence of PLMS to patients' perception of sleep quality during a night of polysomnography in various sleep disorders. METHODS: The retrospective evaluation included PLMS recordings over two nights of 78 consecutive patients diagnosed with a restless legs syndrome, primary insomnia or insomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder. The subjects' perception of sleep during the polysomnography night was assessed by the subscale 'sleep quality' of the validated self-rating sleep questionnaire SFA (SFA-SQ). RESULTS: SFA-SQ scores correlated with the PLMS index (number of PLMS per hour of sleep) only in patients with restless legs syndrome during the first of the two nights investigated (r=-0.464, P<0.01). PLMS appear to have a low impact on the subjects' perception of sleep quality. The correlation of subjective sleep quality to PLMS index in the first of the two investigated nights in RLS patients may reflect an adaptation effect. CONCLUSION: The results of our study favor the hypothesis that PLMS most likely are not the primary cause of sleep disturbances in these patient groups.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征对飞行员认知功能的影响

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)对飞行员认知功能的影响.方法 对13名经多导睡眠图(PSG)确诊的中重度OSAHS患者及10名正常体检健康飞行员进行Epworth嗜睡程度问卷(ESS)评分,以及进行闪光融合频率、多项反应时、空间位置记忆广度、注意力集中能力、警戒性等认知功能测试,并对OSAHS组进行ESS评分、睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度与各项认知功能测试结果间进行相关性分析.结果 OSAHS组ESS评分明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),闪光融合频率、空间位置记忆广度分值、注意力集中能力时间明显低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),对黄、绿色的选择反应时明显慢于对照组(P＜0.05),对红色的选择反应时与对照组相比无显著差异.OSAHS组警戒性作业总错误率明显高于对照组(P＜0.01).OSAHS组ESS评分与警戒性作业的总错误率呈显著正相关(r=0.789 0,＜0.01).结论 中重度OSAHS患者有不同程度的认知功能减退,可能损害飞行操作能力,造成飞行安全隐患.临床未进行有效治疗的患者应暂时或永久取消飞行资格.     

保定市普通人群睡眠质量及相关影响因素

目的：了解保定市普通人群睡眠质量特点及相关影响因素。方法：采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取≥18岁的人群,共10073名;以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评定睡眠质量及相关影响因素（按我国睡眠质量常模,总分〉7分为睡眠障碍）。结果：8773人完成了调查,保定市普通人群睡眠障碍的发生率为9.95%（873/8773）;女性较男性、城市较农村、高龄较低龄人群睡眠障碍的发生率显著为高（P均〈0.001）;婚姻和职业状况影响睡眠质量,丧偶、再婚、离退休人员睡眠障碍的发生率分别为23.08%、18.48%和25.26%（P均〈0.001）。PSQI总分与社会人口学资料的相关分析显示,除目前职业外,其他因素如女性、城市、婚姻及年龄均与PSQI总分呈显著正相关（P均〈0.001）;PSQI总分与社会心理及环境问题的相关分析显示,除其他社会心理问题外,,其他因素如经济、卫生保健、支持群体、职业、教育、住房、社会环境及法律/犯罪问题均与PSQI总分呈显著正相关（P均〈0.001）。结论：普通人群中存在睡眠障碍的比例较高,应重视并改善高危人群的睡眠问题,减少社会心理及环境问题,有助于提高普通人群的睡眠质量。