单侧唇裂降鼻中隔肌的解剖学研究及意义

目的研究单侧完全性唇裂鼻部肌肉缺损与鼻端中线结构移位与畸形的关系。方法将33例正常成人尸体鼻标本与30例单侧完全性唇裂鼻畸形Ⅱ期修复患者的降鼻中隔肌行解剖组织学对比观察。结果证实单侧完全性唇裂患侧降鼻中隔肌缺损。结论因患侧降鼻中隔肌缺损使鼻中线两侧肌力平衡破坏,肌力平衡失调导致唇裂鼻鼻端中线结构的移位和畸形可能是单侧唇裂鼻畸形形成的重要原因之一。     

单侧唇裂降鼻中隔肌的解剖学研究及意义

目的研究单侧完全性唇裂鼻部肌肉缺损与鼻端中线结构移位与畸形的关系。方法将３３例正常成人尸体鼻标本与３０例单侧完全性唇裂鼻畸形Ⅱ期修复患者的降鼻中隔肌行解剖组织学对比观察。结果证实单侧完全性唇裂患侧降鼻中隔肌缺损。结论因患侧降鼻中隔肌缺损使鼻中线两侧肌力平衡破坏，肌力平衡失调导致唇裂鼻鼻端中线结构的移位和畸形可能是单侧唇裂鼻畸形形成的重要原因之一。     

Sucrose octaacetate tasting in a heterogeneous population of CFW mice

Three experiments investigated the genetic underpinnings of the sucrose octaacetate (SOA) avoidance-indifference dimorphism that exists among outbred CFW mice. In the first experiment, results from 687 subjects across three generations of segregation were consistent with predictions from a single-autosomal, two-allele model, with dominance for the avoidance (Taster) phenotype. In the second experiment, heterogeneous CFW Tasters and Nontasters were mated with SWR/J (Taster) and C57BL/6J (Nontaster) inbred mice. The SWR and CFW mice are both derived from Swiss mice, and the results were consistent with the possibility that the Taster animals share an allele which is identical by descent. The second and third experiments also investigated sensitivity to SOA across an extended range of concentrations. Nontaster CFWs avoided SOA at the near-saturation 10^–3 M concentration but did not avoid any weaker concentrations. Taster CFWs avoided all concentrations down to approximately 10^–6 M SOA.This research was supported in part by NINCDS Grant NS 15560.     

胸肌悬吊式乳腺癌根治术

传统的Halsted术式创伤大,目前大多倾向进行缩小的改良术式。而有代表性的Patey和Auchicloss二种改良术式都存在一定的缺陷。本文介绍的胸大肌、胸小肌翻转悬吊式改良根治术,克服了过去各种改良术式的某些缺陷,其特点是各组淋巴结清扫较彻底。神经血管保护较好,术后不会发生胸肌萎缩,全组32例取得满意效果。     

Genetic correlation between two types of nesting inMus musculus: Direct and indirect selection

The genetic correlation between maternal nesting (weight of cotton used in the nest built on the day of parturition) and thermoregulatory nesting (total weight of individual nests built on four consecutive days) was estimated from the correlated response of the former to selection for the latter. The best estimate was r_A=0.58±0.32, indicating a substantial amount of common genetic influence. Indirect selection seems to have produced a greater response in maternal nesting than could have been achieved by direct selection.This research was supported by Grants HD11293 and GM21993 from the National Institutes of Health. The author is the recipient of NIH Research Career Development Award ES00042.     

眼轮匝肌悬吊法眶颊区年轻化术

目的:探讨一种眶颊区年轻化的微创新办法。方法:采用皮肤入路眼袋整形术切口,在行眼袋整形术的同时,在眼轮匝肌与其下脂肪垫间游离外侧半眼轮匝肌眶部,形成眼轮匝肌肌皮瓣,向外上方提紧,分两点固定于眶骨骨膜上,可使鼻唇沟以上的皮肤绷紧,恢复青春光泽,鼻唇沟纹减轻,使眶颊区年轻化。结果:该术式治疗125例中年患者,术后随访3-16个月,95%的患者对手术效果满意。并发球结膜水肿17例,经热敷治疗,1月内均消退,无悬吊点局部凹陷及眼部勒紧感,无其它并发症发生。结论:该术式在同一切口内同时完成眼袋整形术及鼻唇沟除皱术,使眶颊区年轻化,切口隐蔽,创伤小,恢复迅速,是一种较好的手术方法。     

Breaking Through Artificial Selection Limits of an Adaptive Behavior in Mice and the Consequences for Correlated Responses

Previous divergent selection for nest-building behavior at 22 ± 1°C resulted in a 40-fold difference between the high and the low lines in amount of cotton used to build a nest. Correlated responses to selection indicated positive genetic correlations with body weight, nest-building at 4 ± 1°C, and litter size and negative genetic correlations with food consumption. At generation 46, the replicate high-selected (High 1 × High 2), randomly bred control (Control 1 × Control 2), and low-selected (Low 1 × Low 2) lines were crossed and the F₁ showed significant heterosis for nest-building behavior. Regression of the F₃ on the F₂ generation gave heritability estimates of 0.16 ± 0.10 for the high and 0.07 ± 0.10 for the low cross, revealing a potential to break the selection limit (at least in the high direction), which had been reached at about 20 generations of selection. Indeed, renewed selection resulted in responses in both the high and the low directions of nesting, yielding realized heritabilities of 0.29 ± 0.02 and 0.30 ± 0.004, respectively. Replicated renewed selection, using the F₃ generation as the base population, in the high direction of nesting resulted in correlated increases in nest-building at 4 ± 1°C, litter size, and food consumption. Body weight did not change. The positive correlation with food consumption is opposite in sign compared to the original selection experiment. This indicates that the evolutionary potential of a population to adapt to a changing environment not only depends on its current genetic variability in one adaptive trait, but may be constrained by genetic correlations changing over the course of selection.     

Mus81和GEN1基因在肺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究肺癌组织中Mus81及GEN1的表达及其临床意义。方法采用反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）和Westernblot检测30例肺癌组织及其相应癌旁组织中Mus81及GEN1 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况,分析其临床意义。结果30例肺癌组织中Mus81mRNA和蛋白表达水平低于相应癌旁组织,差异具有统计学意义（t=-3．529,P〈0．05;t=-4．273,P〈0．05）;30例肺癌组织中GEN1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平同癌旁相比无统计学差异（t=-2．006,P〉0．05;t=0．957,P〉0．05）。30例肺癌组织中Mus81表达水平和GEN1表达水平无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。结论肺癌组织中Mus81表达低于癌旁组织,提示Mus81表达下调可能和肺癌的发生相关;GEN1在肺癌组织中的表达水平同癌旁相比无统计学差异,提示GEN1在肿瘤的发生、发展过程中可能不起主要作用;肺癌组织中Mus81的表达水平和GEN1的表达水平无明显相关性。     

蜡皮颗粒毒饵杀灭家栖鼠类效果研究

目的 观察0.05％敌鼠钠蜡皮颗粒毒饵及蜡皮颗粒混合毒饵现场对褐家鼠和小家鼠的杀灭效果.方法 选择济南市张马村居民居住比较集中的住宅共760间房间(每个房间约为15 m2).其中,放置蜡皮颗粒混合毒饵组为249间房间,蜡皮玉米颗粒毒饵组为267间房间,蜡皮小麦颗粒毒饵组为244间房间;在每房间内布放蜡皮毒饵3堆,每堆10 g.连放4d,观察26 d.灭效考核用格粉板法(400格法).结果 蜡皮颗粒混合毒饵和蜡皮玉米颗粒毒饵对褐家鼠的灭效分别为97.45％和92.44％,二者比较差异有统计学意义(u=5.22,P＜0.01);对小家鼠的灭效分别为100％和99.47％,二者比较差异无统计学意义(u=1.46,P＞0.05).蜡皮颗粒混合毒饵与蜡皮小麦颗粒毒饵对褐家鼠的灭效分别为97.45％和96.59％,二者比较差异无统计学意义(u=1.19,P＞0.05);对小家鼠的灭效均为100％.结论 蜡皮毒饵对褐家鼠和小家鼠的杀灭效果均很好.且蜡皮玉米颗粒毒饵7份与蜡皮小麦颗粒毒饵3份混合使用杀灭褐家鼠要比单独使用蜡皮玉米颗粒毒饵效果好.