An implanted neuromuscular stimulator for fecal continence following previously implanted gracilis muscle

A young woman had been treated previously with a gracilis muscle transposition because of anal atresia thus enabling her to maintain continence by active muscle contraction, which, however, she could sustain for only a few minutes. Implantation of a neuromuscular stimulator resulted in perfectly controllable sphincter function.     

Multiple Mammarenaviruses Circulating in Angolan Rodents

Rodents are a speciose group of mammals with strong zoonotic potential. Some parts of Africa are still underexplored for the occurrence of rodent-borne pathogens, despite this high potential. Angola is at the convergence of three major biogeographical regions of sub-Saharan Africa, each harbouring a specific rodent community. This rodent-rich area is, therefore, strategic for studying the diversity and evolution of rodent-borne viruses. In this study we examined 290 small mammals, almost all rodents, for the presence of mammarenavirus and hantavirus RNA. While no hantavirus was detected, we found three rodent species positive for distinct mammarenaviruses with a particularly high prevalence in Namaqua rock rats (Micaelamys namaquensis). We characterised four complete virus genomes, which showed typical mammarenavirus organisation. Phylogenetic and genetic distance analyses revealed: (i) the presence of a significantly divergent strain of Luna virus in Angolan representatives of the ubiquitous Natal multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis), (ii) a novel Okahandja-related virus associated with the Angolan lineage of Micaelamys namaquensis for which we propose the name Bitu virus (BITV) and (iii) the occurrence of a novel Mobala-like mammarenavirus in the grey-bellied pygmy mouse (Mus triton) for which we propose the name Kwanza virus (KWAV). This high virus diversity in a limited host sample size and in a relatively small geographical area supports the idea that Angola is a hotspot for mammarenavirus diversity.     

(足母)长伸肌腱移位动力性矫正(足母)外翻畸形

目的探讨长伸肌腱移位动力矫正外翻畸形的机制及临床疗效。方法2004年4月～2006年12月,采用长伸肌腱移位矫治外翻畸形25例38足。其中男2例3足,女23例35足;年龄22～60岁,平均46.3岁。术前外翻角21～45°,平均31.30°;跖间角7～21°,平均12.52°。手术将第1跖骨骨赘凿除,内侧关节囊修复,收肌横头切断,长伸肌腱向内侧移位、止点再造。结果术后外翻角7.30±2.62°,跖间角6.50±2.46°,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后功能应用美国足踝外科协会趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分系统进行临床评估,优25足,良7足,差6足,优良率84.2%。获随访6～24个月。2足于术后2个月出现内翻,2足术后3个月出现第1跖趾关节活动受限。无外翻畸形复发。结论通过口止母长伸肌腱内移等软组织平衡恢复了第1跖趾关节内、外侧应力,手术操作简便,畸形矫正效果好且不易复发。     

斜方肌肌皮瓣修复头颈部难治性创面

[目的]介绍斜方肌肌皮瓣在修复头颈部难治性创面中的应用,提供头颈部复杂创面修复的方案。[方法]逆行掀起以颈横动脉降支为轴型血管的带蒂斜方肌肌皮瓣,皮瓣面积最大达32 cm×10 cm,肌肉血管蒂长17 cm,局部转移修复头颈部难治性创面23例。[结果]23例头颈部不同部位难治性创面经带蒂斜方肌肌皮瓣转移修复后,22例全部成活,1例远端约1 cm黑痂愈合。[结论]带蒂斜方肌肌皮瓣,血供可靠,切取面积大,供区隐蔽,对肩部功能影响小;采用逆行法切除皮瓣,操作简单,不易损伤血管蒂;用于修复头颈部难治性创面,效果满意。     

保留耻骨直肠肌重建原位肛门治疗直肠癌(附20例报告)

为研究保留耻骨直肠肌重建原位肛门治疗直肠癌的方法，在手术治疗低位直肠癌且无法保肛术式的基础上，保留痔上神经以及所支配的耻骨直肠肌重建原位肛门２０例。术后１个月１０例达到优或良。术后３个月全部病例均达到优或良，无手术后死亡。结果表明此术式不仅能达到根治性切除。而且复发率低，比较其他 部人工肛门术式具有节便效果好，损伤小的特点。     

小家鼠对南方常见基饵的接受性观察

目的 :了解小家鼠对南方常见基饵的接受性 ,为配制理想毒饵提供科学依据。方法 :采用有选择接受性试验测定各基饵的摄食系数。结果 :小家鼠对小米最嗜食 ,小米的摄食系数为 1.73 ,比摄食最差基饵多 1.46,是其取食量的 6.5倍 ;大米、碎面、小麦、玉米次之 ;花生米、稻米较差。结论 :南方毒杀小家鼠的基饵应以小米、大米为最佳选择     

Nesting and Fitness: Lifetime Reproductive Success in House Mice Bidirectionally Selected for Thermoregulatory Nest-Building Behavior

To test the hypothesis that large, well-built, nests are an important component of fitness, we kept 12 mating pairs of two high-selected, two control, and two low-selected lines, selected for therrnoregulatory nest-building behavior, at 22 and 4°C with access to 10 g of cotton to build a nest, for a period of 180 days. Measurements included number of litters bom per family, number of young per litter born and surviving up to 40 days of age, nest type built by the parents, and weight gain of the young from weaning (20 days of age) to 40 days of age. In all lines the production and survival of offspring was substantially decreased at 4°C compared to 22°C, but the high-selected lines produced more and better-quality offspring, surviving up to 40 days of age at both temperatures compared to the control and low-selected lines. This indicates that thermoregulatory nest-building behavior and evolutionary fitness are closely associated.     

Cortical stimulation relieves parkinsonian pathological activity in vitro

Previously, we have shown that chemical excitatory drives such as N‐methyl‐d ‐aspartate (NMDA) are capable of activating the striatal microcircuit exhibiting neuronal ensembles that alternate their activity producing temporal sequences. One aim of this work was to demonstrate whether similar activity could be evoked by delivering cortical stimulation. Dynamic calcium imaging allowed us to follow the activity of dozens of neurons with single‐cell resolution in mus musculus brain slices. A train of electrical stimuli in the cortex evoked network activity similar to the one induced by bath application of NMDA. Previously, we have also shown that the dopamine‐depleted striatal microcircuit increases its spontaneous activity generating dominant recurrent ensembles that interrupt the temporal sequences found in control microcircuits. This activity correlates with parkinsonian pathological activity. Several cortical stimulation protocols such as transcranial magnetic stimulation reduce motor signs of Parkinsonism. Here, we show that cortical stimulation in vitro temporarily eliminates the pathological activity from the dopamine‐depleted striatal microcircuit by turning off some neurons that sustain this activity and recruiting new ones that allow transitions between network states, similar to the control circuit. When cortical stimulation is given in the presence of L‐DOPA, parkinsonian activity is eliminated during the whole recording period. The present experimental evidence suggests that cortical stimulation such as that generated by transcranial magnetic stimulation, or otherwise, may allow reduce L‐DOPA dosage.