Die Verpflanzung der Sehne des Musculus tibialis anterior beim Lähmungsklumpfuß

Zusammenfassung Operationsziel Neutralisierung des pathologisch überwertigen, supinierenden Muskelzuges des Musculus tibialis anterior zur Verbesserung des Gangablaufes in Stand- und Schwungphase. Indikationen Dynamische, passiv korrigierbare Klumpfu?deformit?t durch überaktivit?t des Musculus tibialis anterior bei spastischer oder schlaffer Parese (ICP, Apoplex, SHT, Polio, MMC). Die Deformit?t ist überwiegend oder ausschlie?lich in der Schwungphase des Gangablaufes wirksam. Voraussetzung: kr?ftiges Anspannen des Musculus tibialis anterior mit einem Kraftwert von mindestens 4 (MRC-Skala) bei freier Beweglichkeit im oberen Sprunggelenk. Kontraindikationen Eine fixierte Klumpfu?deformit?t sowie eine Fehlstellung, die überwiegend oder ausschlie?lich in der Standphase vorliegt, werden vornehmlich durch den Musculus tibialis posterior verursacht und müssen mit anderen Methoden korrigiert werden (zum Beispiel h?lftige Tibialis-posterior-Verpflanzung oder Verl?ngerung). Operationstechnik Komplette Verpflanzung: Abl?sen der Musculus-tibialis-anterior-Sehne und Versetzung auf die Fu?rückenmitte in Verl?ngerung des zweiten Interdigitalraumes bei neutraler Fu?stellung. H?lftige Verpflanzung: Ansatznahes Abl?sen der H?lfte der Musculus-tibialis-anterior-Sehne und Versetzung am Fu?au?enrand auf den Musculus peroneus brevis oder das Os cuboideum. Ein gleichzeitiger Spitzfu? oder struktureller Klumpfu? mu? in gleicher Sitzung durch geeignete Operationen korrigiert werden. Ergebnisse Von 96 Tibialis-anterior-Verpflanzungen an 83 Patienten konnten 79 an 67 Patienten nachuntersucht werden. In 72 F?llen konnte ein gutes bis befriedigendes Ergebnis erzielt werden, an sieben ein schlechtes (Rezidiv, überkorrektur oder nochmalige Operation). Durchschnittliche Nachuntersuchungszeit von 3,8 Jahren (ein bis acht Jahre). Ergebnisse unabh?ngig von durchgeführter Technik: komplete oder h?lftige Verpflanzung unterschieden sich nicht. Nicht selten wurden bei strukturellen Ver?nderungen zus?tzliche Operationen in gleicher Sitzung erforderlich.     

The Comet assay for the detection of DNA damage in Mus spretus from Doñana National Park

Do?ana Park (Spain), a protected area in Europe, was affected by an environmental disaster in April 1998 that caused the spreading of acidic water and mud full of toxic metals from the Aznalcollar pyrite mine. In order to assess the contamination in the area and to monitor the possible biological effects of the toxic spill, a series of coordinated studies was performed utilizing several animal species living in that area. We performed genotoxicity monitoring using the Comet assay on peripheral blood leukocytes of the Algerian mouse (Mus spretus), a nonprotected rodent suitable as a bioindicator. The mice were sampled in different areas 6 months after the ecological disaster and again 1 year later. Our results showed that in 1998 all the areas examined were contaminated, as determined by an increase in the Comet assay parameters in the analyzed animals, whereas a significant decrease in the values of these parameters was observed in the 1999 samples, which were collected in a riverside area subject to tide flows. Thus, the Comet assay has proven to be an interesting and sensitive tool in studies of environmental genotoxicity.     

Ultrastructure and elemental composition of the stapedius muscle in guinea pig

Summary Muscules stapedius in guinea pig was investigated with regard to morphology and elemental composition. The muscle fibers are multinucleated, contain a high amount of ribosomes, and a centriole is often found adjacent to the cell nucleus. Intramitochondrial inclusion bodies occur adjacent to cristae mitochondriales. Both type I and type II fibres occur, the latter with all three subtypes. Elemental analysis from the myofibrillar area revealed unexpected low concentration of K and high concentrations of Na, P, and Ca.Supported by grants from the Karolinska Institutet (Matti Anniko) and the Muscle Dystrophy Association (USA) (Romuald Wroblewski)     

Genetic analysis of an avoidance-avoidance response inMus domesticus

Latency to leave a lighted platform and enter a novel chamber in which other mice had received shock was measured in 2592 mice from eight inbred strains and all 56 F ₁ crosses. An analysis of the diallel matrix indicated a clear genetic architecture, although genetic effects accounted for only 10% of the total phenotypic variance. Dominance favoring a slight delay in chamber entry suggested a selective advantage in spending a longer time on some elements in the behavioral chain involved in avoidance-avoidance responses. Inbred strains showed greater litter variance than F ₁ hybrids, suggesting greater developmental buffering of heterozygotes. Both the genetic architecture and the strain rankings differ from those typically found in open field and similar tests of locomotor activity. The results illustrate the problem of interpreting behavior genetic results in terms of proportions of total phenotypic variance and difficulties in generalizing to ancestral or other populations in an attempt to interpret genetic results in an evolutionary context when reliability is low.This work was supported by Grant BNS-8121540 from the National Science Foundation.     

Distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal region of the mouse: I. Entorhinal area, parasubiculum, retrosplenial area, and presubiculum.

The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was examined in the multilayered posterior part of the hippocampal region of the adult mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), namely, the entorhinal area, the parasubiculum, the presubiculum, and those parts of the retrosplenial cortex that extend into the posterior hippocampal region (area retrosplenialis 29d and 29e). A modification of the Koelle copper thiocholine method was employed for the histochemical demonstration of AChE. The AChE staining resulted in a distinctly stratified pattern, which has been compared in detail with the fields and layers defined by cyto- and fibro-architecture. Most of the enzyme activity was located in the neuropil, but both moderately and intensely stained nerve cell bodies were observed too. In the entorhinal area two main subfields were identified, which have been designated pars medialis and pars lateralis. In pars medialis, the superficial two thirds of layer I, the interstices between the stellate cell bodies in layer II, and layers IV and VI showed moderate to high content of AChE, whereas layer V and, especially, layer III were poor in enzyme activity. A particular feature was the occurrence of cone-shaped, darkly stained areas within layer II and, occasionally, the deep part of layer I. The staining of pars laterais differed in several respects from that of pars medialis, the most prominent feature being a less conspicuous stratification. In addition, intensely stained somata occurred more frequently than in pars medialis, although they still constituted only a very small minority of the total number of nerve cell bodies. In the parasubiculum, a clear cytoarchitectural subdivision into a posterolateral parasubiculum a and an anteromedial parasubiculum b was observed. These subfields showed, however, only minor differences in AChE staining. Thus, in both subfields, layers I and IV stained intensely, whereas layers II and III showed moderate to intense staining. Layers V and VI did not differ in appearance from the corresponding layers of the entorhinal area. The retrosplenial areas 29d and 29e appeared very light in the AChE pattern, area 29e being the better stained. The presubiculum was very rich in AChE, with layers, I, III and IV being particularly intensely stained. The small nerve cell bodies of layer II were unstained, whereas the intervening neuropil was intensely stained. The distribution of AChE in the mouse was compared with that in the rat, guinea pig, and rabbit, described previously. The staining pattern is largely similar in all four species, but striking species-specific differences do exist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

超大面积前背阔肌皮瓣联合腹直肌皮瓣移植术

目的 探讨超大面积的前背阔肌皮瓣联合腹直肌皮瓣移植术的应用价值和手术技巧.方法 对2005年5月至2007年1月实施手术的3例患者进行随访,随访时间为10～40个月,平均24.7个月.其中男性2例,女性1例,3例患者均有皮肤缺损伴骨裸露.创面创伤性皮肤缺损1例,肿瘤切除导致皮肤缺损2例,皮瓣面积分别是:60cm×32 cm,55 cm×30 cm和50 cm×25 cm,皮瓣应用形式:带双血管蒂游离移植1例,一端带蒂一端游离移植1例,两端均带蒂移植1例.结果 皮瓣完全成活2例,皮瓣边缘小部分坏死1例,经换药后愈合.创面感染均得到有效控制,为功能恢复创造了条件.1例创伤患者骨折愈合,完全负重行走,恢复原有工作.结论 前背阔肌皮瓣联合腹直肌皮瓣移植术能够一次性修复体表较大面积皮肤缺损,而且效果满意.     

Cardiomyocyte-targeted overexpression of the coxsackie–adenovirus receptor causes a cardiomyopathy in association with β-catenin signaling

The coxsackie–adenovirus receptor (CAR) is an adhesion molecule found at the intercalated disc of cardiomyocytes in association with other adherens and tight junction proteins. CAR expression is increased at cardiomyocyte junctions in patients with heart failure. It is not known what contribution elevated CAR expression makes to cardiac pathology. We generated a binary transgenic mouse enabling cardiac-restricted doxycycline-regulated expression of Flag-tagged murine CAR (mCAR⁺/αMtTA⁺ mice). Myocardial CAR levels were increased 6-fold in mCAR⁺/αMtTA⁺ mice, localizing to intercalated discs and sarcolemma. Well at birth, mCAR⁺/αMtTA⁺ mice developed a severe cardiomyopathy and died by 4 weeks. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was evident at 1 week, with increased heart:body weight ratios by 3 weeks. Disorganization and degeneration of cardiomyocytes were evident with disrupted adherens junctions. Doxycycline administration turned off transgene expression and rescued mice from the development of the cardiomyopathic phenotype. In CAR-overexpressing mCAR⁺/αMtTA⁺ mice, adherens junction proteins were abnormally expressed. N-cadherin protein levels were 83% lower in mCAR⁺/αMtTA⁺ hearts vs controls at 1 week, with levels subsequently increased above controls at 3 weeks. β-catenin expression was 90% and 135% above controls at 1 and 3 weeks, respectively. Nuclear translocation of β-catenin in cardiomyocytes of mCAR⁺/αMtTA⁺ mice was associated with increased c-myc RNA, a target of active β-catenin known to be associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Our study is the first to demonstrate that increased CAR expression can induce a cardiomyopathy and supports a model whereby the pathogenesis is determined by CAR stimulated β-catenin signaling, and/or disruption of the adherens junction.     

Effects of the Yangtze River source of drinking water on metabolites of Mus musculus

The effects of the Yangtze River source of drinking water on metabolites of mouse (Mus musculus) were implemented to observe the environmental health issue of the water by use of the ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabonomics. All the sampled mice were treated for 90 days. There were 20 organic pollutants discovered in the water with total concentration of 9.41 μg/l. The NMR spectra for the sampled mice were different at δ2.06, δ2.24 and δ5.22. The concentrations of alanine, glycoprotein, acetone and trimethylamine-N-oxide in the source water group mice were decreased but that of creatinine and glucose were increased, which indicated that hepatotoxicity and kidney dysfunction occurred. There were six parameters for the source water group mice were different or extremely different from that of the control group. And these metabolites are responsible for separation of the data along PC1 and PC2 which may be used as biomarkers to indicate the source water pollution. The results indicate that ¹H NMR-based metabonomic approach is a useful technique to test toxicity of xenobiotics on metabolites for observation of the environmental health issue of source water.     

Allergenic proteins are fragmented in low concentrations of sodium hypochlorite

BACKGROUND: To facilitate allergen removal from indoor environments, it would be helpful to have household cleaning products that modified allergenic activity. Because NaOCl dissolves proteins in high concentrations and is both capable of killing bacteria and viruses and inactivating viral antigens at somewhat lower concentrations, we explored its effects on Mus m 1 and other indoor allergens. OBJECTIVE: To examine the ability of NaOCl to reduce the allergenicity of Mus m 1 and other indoor allergens. METHODS: Using purified mouse urinary allergen, we examined the effect on protein measured by Coomassie protein assay and on Mus m 1 measured by ELISA. We also examined the effects using SDS/PAGE and Western blots probed with sheep anti-Mus m 1 and with allergic human serum. RESULTS: When NaOCl and Mus m 1 were combined in a molar ratio of 100 : 1, IgE binding to Mus m 1 on Western blot was significantly reduced. At higher NaOCl concentrations the protein appeared to fragment and eventually became undetectable. Fragmentation appeared to be random in that peptides of a wide range of apparent molecular weight were produced. The reaction was complete within 1-2 min at OCl : pr ratios of greater than 200 : 1 and was optimal at pH 7.4. Immunological activity of other allergens (Fel d 1, Bla g 1, Der p 1) was decreased in vitro and dried allergen extracts were removed from surfaces. Adding an extraneous protein, BSA, to NaOCl:Mus m 1 solutions decreased the effect of NaOCl on the allergen. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that NaOCl at concentrations commonly used in household products is capable of dramatically affecting allergenic protein.