Ordinal response generalized difference in differences with varying categories: The health effect of a disability program in Korea

We consider the use of difference in differences (DD) to evaluate the effect of an activity assistance program on the health of severely disabled Koreans. There are, however, 2 problems in the data: the number of response categories for self‐assessed health changed over the waves of the repeated cross‐section survey and the “parallel untreated response path” assumption for DD is suspect. We show how to overcome these problems by renormalizing parameters and applying “generalized difference in differences (GDD).” We find a significantly positive effect of the program with DD, but not with GDD. Our solutions should prove useful in applications in which one or other of these problems arise.     

The effect of verapamil on halothane-epinephrine or digitalis-induced ventricular dysrhythmias in dogs

The effect of verapamil on ventricular dysrhythmias was evaluated using two canine models. In one model, ventricular dysrhythmias were induced by 1% halothane-epinephrine (1.5 30µg/kg/min.) in 20 dogs (Group I). In the other model, ventricular dysrhythmias were induced by digoxin (0.1 0.2mg/kg) in 27 dogs (Group II). Verapamil (0.2 0.5mg/kg) was given to treat these ventricular dysrhythmias. When verapamil was ineffective, lidocaine (1 2mg/kg) was given following the administration of verapamil. In 7 dogs of group II, lidocaine alone was given. Verapamil was effective in 16 animals of group I, and in 10 animals of group II. Lidocaine was ineffective in the remaining 4 of group I, whereas effective in the remaining 17, including those given lidocaine alone of group II. From these findings, it was inferred that Ca²⁺ dependent abnormal automaticity and/or re-entry may be more closely related to the genesis of halothane-epinephrine-induced ventricular dysrhythmias refractory to lidocaine, whereas triggered activity may be more closely related to that of digitalis-induced ventricular dysrhythmias. In conclusion, verapamil was more effective against halothane-epinephrine-induced ventricular dysrhythmias than against digitalis-induced ventricular dysrhythmias.(Yoshizawa Y, Shimizu R, Kasuda H et al.: The effect of verapamil on halothan-epinephrine or digitalis-induced ventricular dysrhythmia in dogs. J Anesth 2: 28–35, 1988)     

UrinarypH and urine flow independent renal clearance of methotrexate in dogs

The effects of urine flow and pH on methotrexate renal clearance were studied in seven conditioned male Beagle-Mongrel dogs. Steady-state plasma methotrexate and inulin concentrations were achieved by i.v. infusions preceded by i.v. bolus doses. Plasma and urine concentrations of methotrexate were quantitated by a sensitive high-performance liquid Chromatographic assay, while those of inulin were measured by a colorimetric method. Since plasma protein binding of methotrexate was pH and concentration independent, methotrexate/inulin renal clearance without correcting for plasma binding was used for most of the data analyses. The results showed that the renal clearance ratios at the plasma methotrexate levels (approximately 0.1, 1.0, 20.0, and 100 g/ml) studied remained relatively constant when urine pH (differences of up to about 2.5 units) and flow rate (differences of up to approximately 30 times) were changed. This indicated that renal reabsorption of methotrexate in these dogs was negligible. However, concentration-dependent renal clearance was observed. The mean renal clearances were 3.84, 3.94, 2.73, and 2.72 ml/min/kg at plasma concentrations of about 0.1, 1.0, 20.0, and 100.0 g/ml, respectively, when urine was alkalized by sodium bicarbonate. The corresponding clearances were 4.02, 4.28, 2.62, and 2.65 ml/min/kg when urine was acidified by ammonium chloride. These showed the existence of saturable tubular secretion of methotrexate. No 7-hydroxy-methotrexate, a metabolite found in other species, was detected in the urine and plasma of the dogs.This research was supported in part by a grant from the National Cancer Institute, CA-29754. Abstracted from a dissertation submitted in 1984 by Chung Y. Lui to the Graduate College, University of Illinois at Chicago in partial fulfillment of Doctor of Philosophy Degree requirements.     

A bivariate logistic regression model based on latent variables

Bivariate observations of binary and ordinal data arise frequently and require a bivariate modeling approach in cases where one is interested in aspects of the marginal distributions as separate outcomes along with the association between the two. We consider methods for constructing such bivariate models based on latent variables with logistic marginals and propose a model based on the Ali-Mikhail-Haq bivariate logistic distribution. We motivate the model as an extension of that based on the Gumbel type 2 distribution as considered by other authors and as a bivariate extension of the logistic distribution, which preserves certain natural characteristics. Basic properties of the obtained model are studied and the proposed methods are illustrated through analysis of two data sets: a basic science cognitive experiment of visual recognition and awareness and a clinical data set describing assessments of walking disability among multiple sclerosis patients.     

感染依赖性抗原Tp0470的鉴定及在梅毒诊断中的应用

为筛选新型梅毒诊断抗原,以改进梅毒早期诊断及预后判断血清学诊断方法,本研究在鉴定Tp0470蛋白为感染依赖性抗原的基础上,建立基于Tp0470的ELISA方法,检测468份临床血清标本,并与TPPA、LZ-ELISA及RPR结果比较,初步评价该蛋白的诊断价值;同时对Tp0470-ELISA A₄₅₀值与RPR滴度进行相关性分析。结果显示:Tp0470-ELISA的灵敏度和特异度分别为95.32%和95.66%,ROC分析其AUC值为0.907。与TPPA、LZ-ELISA及RPR结果相比,Tp0470-ELISA的符合率分别为95.51%(kappa=0.907)、94.87%(kappa=0.897)、88.67%(kappa=0.771)。Tp0470-ELISA的A₄₅₀值与RPR滴度的相关系数为0.38,P=0.96。以上结果表明基于Tp0470蛋白的ELISA在梅毒血清学诊断中具有较高的潜在应用价值。     

Hypothesis on the time course of antigen dependent changes in lymphoid organs proved by experimental data of depleted growing rats''mesenteric lymph nodes

The results described in this paper partially agree with the hypothesis that mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of depleted growing rats recover their antigen specific determinants after the oral administration of 20% casein for 5-9 days following the time course of antigen dependent changes observed in virgin lymph nodes. With respect to the 39 days old control group, depleted MLN showed a highly diminished number of mature T cells (W3/13+) as well as surface and intracellular alpha heavy chain (alpha s and alpha cit). The oral administration of a 20% casein diet during 5 days tends to restore the appearance of these determinants; however, normal values were not attained even if refeeding was continued for 9 days. The discrepancy between the proposed hypothesis and the observed results might be ascribed to: a) defective migration of T cells from thymus; b) the diminished number of TH cells involved in terminal differentiation; c) inability of B cells to respond to T cell-derived factors.     

NIDDM患者血清性激素变化与胰岛素抵抗的关系

为探讨非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ） 患者血清性激素变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系, 应用放射免疫法检测了６０ 例５０ 岁以上ＮＩＤＤＭ 患者血清雌二醇 （Ｅ２）、睾酮（Ｔ） 等性激素水平。结果： 男性患者Ｅ２ 升高, Ｔ呈下降趋势, Ｅ２／Ｔ比值显著高于正常对照 （Ｐ＜ ０． ０５）; 女性患者Ｅ２ 较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜ ０． ０１）, Ｔ略高于正常, Ｅ２ ／Ｔ比值平衡失调。Ｅ２、Ｅ２／Ｔ与空腹血糖 （ＦＢＧ）、空腹胰岛素（ＦＩｎｓ） 呈正相关, 与胰岛素敏感性（ＩＳ） 呈负相关。认为ＮＩＤＤＭ 患者存在严重的性激素失调及胰岛素抵抗, 在“胰岛素抵抗—糖代谢紊乱—性激素内环境失衡”之间, 可能有规律性的内在联系。     

糖尿病并发缺血性脑血管病病人血浆D-二聚体和GMP-140含量的测定

①目的探讨糖尿病病人并发脑血管病的发病机理。②方法采用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法和放射免疫测定法对非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）伴缺血性脑血管病病人血浆Ｄ－二聚体、ＧＭＰ－１４０和血小板表面ＧＭＰ－１４０的含量进行了测定。⑤结果ＮＩＤＤＭ伴脑动脉硬化、ＮＩＤＤＭ并发脑血栓形成和单纯脑血栓形成病人血浆Ｄ－二聚体、ＧＭＰ－１４０和血小板表面ＧＭＰ－１４０含量明显高于正常对照组，差异有极显著性（ｔ＝５．２５－２０．０４，Ｐ均＜０．００１）。单纯脑动脉硬化病人上述指标则无明显变化；动态观察单纯脑血栓形成病人，随着病情好转至恢复期，其上述指标较急性期明显下降（ｔ＝５．２２－７．０５，Ｐ均＜０．００１）；而ＮＩＤＤＭ并发脑血栓形成病人恢复期上述指标持续增右，与急性期相比差异不显著（ｔ＝１．４２－１．９９，Ｐ均＞０．０５）。④结论糖尿病病人血液处于高凝状态和血小板过度活化，这种异常变化可能是糖尿病并发缺血性脑血管病的危险因素之一。